Attraction of Chrysoperla carnea complex and Chrysopa spp. lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) to aphid sex pheromone components and a synthetic blend of floral compounds in Hungary

BACKGROUND: The deployment of synthetic attractants for the manipulation of lacewing populations as aphid predators is currently used in integrated pest management. This study investigates a synthetic bait comprising floral compounds previously found to attract the Chrysoperla carnea complex, and, for the first time, the aphid sex pheromone components (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)‐nepetalactol and (4aS,7S,7aR)‐nepetalactone, in field experiments in Hungary, for their ability to manipulate lacewing populations. RESULTS: The synthetic floral bait attracted both sexes of the Chrysoperla carnea complex, and Chrysopa formosa Brauer showed minimal attraction. The aphid sex pheromone compounds alone attracted males of C. formosa and C. pallens (Rambur). When the two baits were combined, Chrysopa catches were similar to those with aphid sex pheromone baits alone, but carnea complex catches decreased significantly (by 85–88%). CONCLUSION: As the floral bait alone attracted both sexes of the carnea complex, it showed potential to manipulate the location of larval density via altering the site of oviposition. Aphid sex pheromone compounds alone attracted predatory males of Chrysopa spp. and can potentially be used to enhance biological control of aphids. For the carnea complex, however, a combination of both baits is not advantageous because of the decrease in adults attracted. Assumptions of intraguild avoidance underlying this phenomenon are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

丁香属植物亲缘关系的AFLP分析

为探讨丁香属植物种间、欧丁香品种间以及丁香属与女贞属之间的亲缘关系,本研究使用8对选择性扩增引物对丁香属14个种、欧丁香种的37个品种和女贞属3个种进行了AFLP分析。利用Ntsyspc软件对扩增结果进行分析,以遗传相似性系数为基础,计算Nei遗传距离并采用UPGMA法进行聚类。结果表明：AFLP扩增共产生447条带,其中多态性条带395条,多态率为88．4％,各样品间的遗传距离在0．01～1．44之间。聚类结果与传统的分类结果基本一致,不同之处在于：部分欧丁香品种与顶生花序系的种聚类为一个分支;短花冠管组的种聚类于长花冠管组的内部;长花冠管组的种内部巧玲花系与顶生花序系的种聚类有交叉现象;女贞属植物聚类于丁香属植物的内部。据此推断,欧丁香品种的育种过程中有顸生花序系的种的加入;丁香属植物的分类应该去除组的划分;巧玲花系与顶生花序系的亲缘关系比较近;丁香属植物不是一个自然的单系类群,女贞属与丁香属之间的起源与分类学地位有待于进一步的研究。     

红色糖多孢菌GlnR转录调控因子在氮代谢中的功能研究

红色糖多孢菌是一种工业上规模化生产红霉素的放线菌。针对氮代谢中的重要转录调控因子GlnR展开相关功能研究,了解其作用机制。通过大肠杆菌克隆表达系统体外表达得到了GlnR蛋白,并用ESMA试验分析验证GlnR对amt-glnB和glnA1具有调控作用。这为探索红色糖多孢菌氮代谢调控机制和红霉素合成调控机制提供了一个新的突破点。     

Effects of Elemental Sulphur and Farmyard Manure on pH and Salinity of Calcareous Sandy Loam Soil and Some Nutrient Elements in Tomato Plant

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of elemental sulphur （S） and farmyard manure on soil pH, EC and N, S, P concentrations of tomato grown in a calcareous sandy loam soil. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions. Sulphur was applied at 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400 mg kg~ and farmyard manure at 0, 3 ton da^-1 to the soil. Three weeks after applications, tomato seedlings were planted and 8 weeks later, the plants were harvested to determine N, S, P concentrations and dry matter yield. Soil pH and EC were determined in the soil samples taken at 3 different periods. Effects of sulphur and farmyard manure applications were not significant on N, P concentrations and dry matter yield of tomato plant. S concentration of tomato plant was increased by sulphur alone. Soil pH was decreased and soil EC was increased in both 2^nd and 3^rd soil sampling period by the sulphur applications. As a result of farmyard manure application, soil pH decreased in the 2^nd soil sampling period but increased in the 3^rd soil sampling period. Also, soil EC was significantly increased in 1^st and 3^rd soil sampling period. Farmyard manure had no significant effect on S supply to tomato plant. The N：S ratio of tomato plant was decreased by sulphur alone. However, the sulphur with farmyard manure applications decreased N：S ratio in lesser extend compared to the S applications.     

不同高丹草品种对干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性评价

采用全生育期田间模拟干旱法,设置"正常浇水"和"干旱胁迫"2个处理,从生长发育特性、品质以及产量性状方面研究了自育高丹草(Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense)新品种(冀草1号、冀草2号)与生产中主推品种(皖草3号、乐食、健宝)在抗旱性上的差异,借鉴小麦抗旱鉴定技术规范中的抗旱指数(Drought index,DI)对参试品种进行抗旱性评价。结果表明:各单项指标的性状抗旱系数(Drought resistance coefficient,DRC)显示干旱胁迫降低了植株株高、草产量、鲜干比及粗蛋白含量,增加了主茎糖锤度含量,对茎叶比影响较小;相同指标的性状抗旱系数在不同品种间差异性表现不同。运用DI得出,鲜草产量下各品种抗旱性排序为冀草1号>冀草2号>乐食>健宝>皖草3号,干草产量下各品种抗旱性排序为冀草1号>皖草3号>冀草2号>乐食>健宝。     

A Method for Energy Efficient Assessment and Labeling of Residential Buildings

There exists the shortage of holistic building energy efficiency assessment models which consider the uncertain or incomplete information, whereas most previous studies focus on building energy consumption via computer simulation.To tackle the above deficiency, an energy assessment and labeling model of residential buildings was proposed based on the theory of evidence and the national and local building erergy efficlency standards.A method has been achieved by applying the model in residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter area.A computer software toolkit was developed based on the above method.To demonstrated and validated the proposed method, a case study was addressed with the software toolkit.Meanwhile, the same project was assessed with the ‘Assessment standard for energy efficient buildings’.It is found that the two methods are in good agreement and the proposed method can deal with the uncertain information.     

蔷薇科甜茶加工应用研究进展

蔷薇科甜茶营养丰富,含有甜茶甙、多酚、黄酮等多种活性物质。总结了蔷薇科甜茶的加工应用状况,为蔷薇科甜茶的进一步加工应用和市场开发提供参考。     

Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Anaplasma in Southwestern China based on 16S rRNA sequence

To identify the species within the genus Anaplasma circulating among ruminants in the Southwest of China, we performed the phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of two Anaplasma isolates from cattle and seven from goats. The two sequences obtained from cattle strains belonged to the A. marginale cluster, whereas the other seven sequences from caprine strains formed two Anaplasma spp. clusters, which diverged earlier than the clusters of A. marginale, A. centrale and A. ovis. These results indicate that there are at least two Anaplasma species circulating among ruminants in Southwestern China.     

具有抗菌活性红树林土壤放线菌BH0951的分离和鉴定

以广西北海红树林高盐泥样为材料,采用高氏1号培养基对其中的菌株进行分离纯化,通过抗菌试验筛选出1株放线菌BH0951,该菌株的发酵产物具有较强的抗菌活性,其最适生长温度为28℃,最适生长pH值为7.0。提取其总DNA,采用通用引物对其16S rDNA进行PCR扩增,并对扩增产物进行序列测定。结果表明,BH0951为链霉菌属（Streptomyces aurantiogriseus）AY999773的变种。     

濒危植物矮沙冬青传粉生物学特性研究

[目的]阐明矮沙冬青的传粉机制,揭示影响矮沙冬青传粉成功的因素。[方法]以矮沙冬青的自然居群为研究对象,研究其花粉活力、柱头可授性、花药日散粉进程和传粉昆虫的种类、行为及访花频率。[结果]矮沙冬青花粉活力保持时间较长,I～9d内均能保持50％以上的花粉活力,0～8d内柱头均具有可授性,但柱头可授性下降很快,花后10d柱头丧失可授性：传粉昆虫主要为蜂类。昆虫的访花频率与植物的花药散粉进程高度吻合。花药日散粉、昆虫的传粉频率与环境温度密切相关、[结论]影响矮沙冬青传粉成功的因素主要有访花昆虫的数量、访花昆虫的访花频率和外界因素,