豆制品加工中黄浆水无害化处理技术研究

对豆制品中黄浆水进行超滤处理的工艺参数进行研究。用外加压管式膜组件对黄浆水进行了超滤试验,分析了液体分别在不同的温度、压力、流速、pH值等因素下对渗透流量和截留率的影响。通过正交试验,得到了处理黄浆水废液的最佳工况。实验结果表明,超滤处理黄浆水的最佳工况是:在压力0.15MPa下,用泵的最大流量对刚排放的黄浆水(温度55℃左右)进行超滤处理,可回收全部脂肪、75%以上的蛋白质和70%以上的总糖。回收后的浓缩物(或干燥物)可以作为饲料或经纯化后食用。     

Determination of Molecular Weight and Distribution of Hyroxyethl Starch (HES) by Means of GPC- RI- MALLS Technique

The author introduces a method and experimental procedures that determine dn/dc,molecular weight and its distribution of the hyroxyethyl starch(HES) by means of Gel Permeation Chromatography-Refractive index-Multi-angle laser light scattering detection(GPC-RI-MALLS)techniques.The key experimental technique and results are discussed.The method takes CH3COOH/CH3COONa as mobile phase and solvent.The experiment gets satisfactory results.It can be used as a routine method to determine the hyroxyethyl starch(HES) molecular weight and its distribution.     

氧化淀粉的研究进展及其在食品领域的应用

介绍了氧化淀粉在近年来的研究现状,分别阐述了以双氧水、次氯酸钠以及高锰酸钾作为氧化剂制备氧化淀粉的研究工艺,指出淀粉在选择不同氧化剂进行氧化反应所具备的优缺点,为今后试验中制备氧化淀粉过程中氧化剂的选择提供一定的理论依据;同时综述了氧化淀粉在食品包装、食品加工以及食品保藏中的诸多应用,最后对氧化淀粉在食品工业领域的发展前景进行了展望.     

Influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding granule-bound starch synthase I on amylose content in Vietnamese rice cultivars

Amylose content is one of the most important factors influencing the physical and chemical properties of starch in rice. Analysis of 352 Vietnamese rice cultivars revealed a wide range of variation in apparent amylose content and the expression level of granule-bound starch synthase. On the basis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at the splicing donor site of the first intron and in the coding region of the granule-bound starch synthase I gene, Waxy gene, alleles can be classified into seven groups that reflect differences in apparent amylose content. The very low and low apparent amylose content levels were tightly associated with a G to T in the first intron whereas intermediate and high amylose was associated with a T genotype at SNP in exon 10. The correlation between the combination of T genotype at SNP in the first intron, C in exon 6, or C in exon 10 was predominant among low amylose rice varieties. Our analysis confirmed the existence of Wx^op allele in Vietnamese rice germplasm. The results of this study suggest that the low amylose properties of Vietnamese local rice germplasm are attributable to spontaneous mutations at exons, and not at the splicing donor site.     

糯玉米淀粉的物化特性研究

为进一步了解糯玉米淀粉的加工特性,推进其工业化应用。采用湿法提取淀粉工艺的淀粉得率为56.7%,蛋白质残留量0.21%。经测定,糯玉米淀粉中支链淀粉含量为97.33%。糯玉米淀粉的物化特性研究显示:糯玉米淀粉的溶解度随着温度的升高而逐渐增大,90℃时淀粉的溶解度达到12%;淀粉糊透明度高、冻融稳定性也较高。     

检测谷物及淀粉糊化特性的旋转式粘度仪的研制

论述了检测谷物及淀粉糊化特性的方法和电子旋转式粘度仪的总体结构、工作流程、设计要点和实验。研究表明:该仪器测定谷物及淀粉粘度性状,采用非牛顿流体粘度测量方法 (旋转式粘度),全面真实地反映谷物及淀粉糊化的实际情况,为GB/T 14490-2008《粮油检验谷物及淀粉糊化特性测定粘度仪法》的执行提供技术手段。     

紫薯糊的工艺研究

通过试验研究了紫薯糊的制作工艺,对紫薯糊的制作原理进行探讨,并对操作要点进行了论述。主要研究了在制作紫薯糊的过程中紫薯用量、面粉用量、生粉用量、黄油用量对制糊效果的影响,并通过正交试验确定了最佳制糊配方:紫薯75 g,生粉115 g,黄油8 g,蛋液25 g,面粉75 g。     

烤烟烘烤中烟叶淀粉降解的研究进展

综述了烤烟烘烤中烟叶淀粉降解对烟叶品质的影响、降解的生化过程及影响降解程度与速率的因素。烘烤中,烟叶淀粉的降解程度和产物均影响烟叶品质,降解是在多种酶的催化下以水解和磷酸解2种方式实现的。影响烟叶淀粉降解的内部因素为烟叶淀粉粒属性、烟叶成熟度、烟叶微生物等,外部因素为烘烤设备及其参数、人工添加酶和微生物制剂等。可为烤烟烘烤工艺的优化、烘烤中促进烟叶淀粉降解措施的制定提供参考。     

糯玉米淀粉低糖红枣糕的制备及质构特性研究

以红枣为原料,添加糯玉米淀粉等辅料制备低糖红枣糕,选取淀粉种类、蜂蜜添加量、淀粉添加量和熬煮时间四因素,分析其对红枣糕质构特性及感官品质的影响,采用三因素二次回归正交旋转组合设计,以硬度和咀嚼度为评价指标对低糖红枣糕工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,添加晋鲜糯2号糯玉米淀粉制得的红枣糕品质较好,其最佳工艺为：淀粉添加量9.8%,蜂蜜添加量29%,熬煮时间21 min,该条件下制得的产品品质与市售红枣糕相当,同时含糖量明显降低,克服了低糖红枣糕不易切割、成型困难的问题,说明糯玉米淀粉具有作为增稠剂和稳定剂的综合特性。     

An Assessment of Variation for Nutritional and Non-nutritional Carbohydrates in Lentil Seeds (Lens culinaris)

The levels of the raffinose family of α-galactosides (raffinose, stachyose, verbascose and ciceritol) and of the nutritional carbohydrates (fructose, sucrose and starch) were determined in the seed of a range of lentil lines from germplasm collections and commercial Spanish cultivars. Significant levels of variation were found for all the measured characters, and particularly for the α-galactosides. The greatest variation was found in verbascose content, which ranged from about 1 % of the seed dry weight to undetectable amounts. The relationship between these chemical components and morphological seed characteristics was assessed. The only significant relationship between the different groups of characteristics was a positive correlation between the level of verbascose and the average seed weight for each genotype.