长保质期酸乳关键加工过程对变性淀粉的影响

研究长保质期酸乳的均质及后杀菌过程对变性淀粉颗粒形态的影响.结果表明:随均质温度的升高,均质压力的增大,淀粉破碎逐渐增多,最佳均质温度60～63℃,均质压力15～20 MPa;超高温(ultra high temperature,UHT)管道压力能促进淀粉的进一步膨胀,随着管道压力的增大和回流次数的增加,淀粉颗粒逐渐增大甚至破裂,最大管道压力为7 bar;随着UHT杀菌温度的逐渐提高,淀粉破碎逐渐增多,最高杀菌温度为80℃.     

锥栗贮藏温度对淀粉降解速率的影响

研究了3个不同锥栗品种在1，5，10℃等不同温度下贮藏120 d，并研究了贮藏过程淀粉含量的变化和淀粉降解速率，将降解速率与贮藏温度、品质变化和贮藏时间相关联，建立了锥栗贮藏方程。根据该方程，淀粉的含量随贮藏时间和贮藏温度的提高而降低，在试验范围内，低温度效果比高温度效果好。锥栗的品质与贮藏时间、贮藏温度和品种有关。     

Microalgae as Contributors to Produce Biopolymers

Biopolymers are very favorable materials produced by living organisms, with interesting properties such as biodegradability, renewability, and biocompatibility. Biopolymers have been recently considered to compete with fossil-based polymeric materials, which rase several environmental concerns. Biobased plastics are receiving growing interest for many applications including electronics, medical devices, food packaging, and energy. Biopolymers can be produced from biological sources such as plants, animals, agricultural wastes, and microbes. Studies suggest that microalgae and cyanobacteria are two of the promising sources of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), cellulose, carbohydrates (particularly starch), and proteins, as the major components of microalgae (and of certain cyanobacteria) for producing bioplastics. This review aims to summarize the potential of microalgal PHAs, polysaccharides, and proteins for bioplastic production. The findings of this review give insight into current knowledge and future direction in microalgal-based bioplastic production considering a circular economy approach. The current review is divided into three main topics, namely (i) the analysis of the main types and properties of bioplastic monomers, blends, and composites; (ii) the cultivation process to optimize the microalgae growth and accumulation of important biobased compounds to produce bioplastics; and (iii) a critical analysis of the future perspectives on the field.     

几种小红栲变性淀粉的结构特性

目前世界上变性淀粉的年产量已经达到500万t左右,如美国为200万t以上,欧洲为90万t,日本在30万t以上;而我国在2000年变性淀粉的产量为35万t,仅为世界产量的7%,根本无法满足国内109万t以上的市场需求而每年都要从国外进口     

重庆四面山不同林地类型优先流特征及染色形态定量评价

以重庆四面山阔叶林、针叶林、灌木林和草地为研究对象,基于碘−淀粉染色示踪试验,借助Adobe Photoshop、IPWIN等图像处理技术和数据处理方法,对土壤优先流特征及其染色形态进行定量评价。结果表明：阔叶林地、针叶林地、灌木林和草地土壤优先流分别在5～25、10～30、10～25 cm和5～20 cm发育明显,各林地垂直剖面总体上均随土层深度增加染色面积比下降。阔叶林和针叶林土壤表层0～10 cm下降迅速,灌木林随土壤深度增加呈现先下降后基本不变再下降的趋势。阔叶林和针叶林总染色面积比高于灌木林和草地,阔叶林的优先流比和优先流长度指数也分别高于针叶林、灌木林和草地。     

高淀粉甘薯亲本的配合力分析

通过5个高淀粉亲本的不完全双列杂交试验,对亲本的7个性状进行配合力分析和遗传力分析,结果表明:BB30-224属理想的高产高干亲本;8410-788属高产中干亲本;绵粉一号属高干中产亲本.BB30-224×川薯34、豫薯七号×川薯34、绵粉一号×BB30-224、绵粉一号×豫薯七号、8410-788×豫薯七号5个组合符合高淀粉育种的目的.广义遗传力以烘干率、绿叶数和蔓长较高,而鲜薯重、大中薯重和薯干重的广义遗传力较低.     

A Rapid Test Procedure for Estimating the Amylose Content of Pea Starch *)

Rapid estimation of the amylose content of pea starch is of particular importance in breeding for pea starches high in amylose. An amylose test for starch in fresh potato tubers was adapted for use with high-amylose pea flour. Wavelengths for photometric detection were slightly changed, and the iodine concentration could be reduced. Defatting of the flour was not necessary. Reproducibility of the analyses was good (s% <3; n = 95). Variability of amylose content was investigated for different potato, barley and pea varieties. An analysis of the F4-generation of a crossing experiment with peas underlined the specific suitability of this rapid test method for supporting breeders' activities.     

Lactobacillus amylophilus JCM1125在生长限制条件下的代谢特性

在以小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉和可溶性淀粉为碳源代替葡萄糖为碳源的 MRS培养基上检测了菌株 L actobacillus amylophilus JCM112 5活菌数的增殖状况以及葡萄糖和有机酸的代谢特征同时测定了 p H值的变化。结果表明以淀粉为碳源时菌株先分解淀粉成葡萄糖并累积到一定数量后再加以利用 ;活菌数呈现双曲线增长现象 ;丙酮酸、乳酸、乙酸和柠檬酸及另一未知有机酸的数量发生了较大的变化。     

Glycinebetaine Improves Chilling Tolerance in Hybrid Maize

Plant growth and development is hampered by various environmental stresses including chilling. We investigated the possibility of improving chilling tolerance in hybrid maize by glycinebetaine (GB) seed treatments. Maize hybrid (Hycorn 8288) seeds were soaked in 50, 100 and 150 mg l^?1 (p.p.m.) aerated solution of GB for 24 h and were dried back. Treated and untreated seeds were sown at 27 °C (optimal temperature) and at 15 °C (chilling stress) under controlled conditions. Germination and seedling growth was significantly hindered under chilling stress. Moreover, chilling stress significantly reduced the starch metabolism and relative water contents (RWC), and increased the membrane electrolyte leakage. However, activities of antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase) were increased under stress conditions. Seed treatments with GB improved the germination rate, root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weights, leaf and root scores, RWC, soluble sugars, α‐amylase activity and antioxidants significantly compared with untreated seeds under optimal and stress conditions. Induction of chilling tolerance was attributed to maintenance of high tissue water contents, reduced membrane electrolyte leakage, and higher antioxidant activities and carbohydrate metabolism. Seed treatment with 100 mg l^?1 GB was the best treatment for improving the performance of hybrid maize under normal and stress conditions compared with control and other levels used.     

Characterization of waxy grain sorghum lines in relation to granule-bound starch synthase

The waxy phenotype, associated with endosperm containing little or no amylose, has been recognized in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) since 1933. Although variants of the waxy gene are well characterized in other cereals, the waxy trait has been assumed to be controlled by a single allele, wx, in sorghum. Recent improvements in technologies encourage re-examination of the waxy sorghums. The objectives of this research were therefore to identify and characterize sorghum lines with differing waxy alleles and to describe the actions of those alleles in crosses. Grain of eight waxy sorghum lines (BTxARG1, BTx630, Tx2907, B.9307, 94C274, 94C278, 94C289, 94C369), three wild-type checks (BWheatland, RTx430, BN122), and F₂ families from crosses among a subset of these lines were evaluated for presence or absence of granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), the gene product of the wx locus, and wild-type vs. waxy endosperm. The F₂ segregation ratios were tested for fit to a 3:1 ratio using Chi-square analyses. Two distinctly different naturally occurring waxy alleles were identified: One with no GBSS (GBSS−), and one with apparently inactive GBSS present (GBSS+). We propose that the waxy allele with no GBSS be designated wx^a, and that waxy allele with apparently inactive GBSS present be designated wx^b. These two alleles are located in close proximity on the waxy locus. The wx^b allele is dominant to the wx^a allele in terms of GBSS production, and both are recessive to the wild-type Wx in terms of amylose content. The U.S. Government's right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged.