城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策中农民意愿及区域差异研究——以江苏省为例

采用实地调查方法对江苏省典型地区城乡建设用地增减挂钩(LUTRG)政策中农民意愿进行研究,分析增减挂钩中农民的参与意愿、拆迁意愿、安置意愿及满意度,并探讨农民意愿的区域差异性。研究结果表明,多数农民有参与增减挂钩的意愿,但农民意愿分化严重;农民希望提高拆迁补偿标准与补偿过程透明化;农民倾向于集中安置,并十分关注安置小区配套设施完善情况;生活成本与就业是农民被安置于城镇后关注的重点;不同地区农民参与意愿、关注点及满意度存在差异。     

Dynamic Analysis on Adjustment of Price for Disequilibrium Market

Under the condition of market economy, the price of goods changes with internal rule and relation of supply and demand in the micro-market. Because of complexity of real economic system, the fact that supply is not all equal to demand every time needs use the disequilibirium analysis which nears well reality instead of traditional equilibirium analysis. In the state of disequilibirium market, according to the adjustment function for market and under synthesizing two basic adjustment equations of price, the stability of price for disequilibrium system has been studied based on the equations of supply and demand and using the adaptive expectation mode to forecast price .These conditions of stability of the system have also been given, which benefit to study structure and capability so as to search for dynamic law for the economic system .     

两个玉米回交一代群体中opaque2基因单侧连锁累赘的SSR分析

为了在回交一代既能较好地消除靶基因的遗传连锁累赘，又能在进行背景选择的基础上选择到轮回亲本遗传背景回复率较高的单株，本研究构建了单株数分别为1 416和1 627的SCBC₁F₁和HCBC₁F₁两个不同遗传背景的回交群体。结合玉米叶片DNA大量、快速提取法，使用5个与opaque2（o2）基因连锁并已定位的SSR标记，在SCBC₁F₁与HCBC₁F₁群体中，对o2基因单侧的连锁累赘进行SSR分析，并与Ribaut（2002）的计算机模拟结果进行比较，结果表明，本研究获得的结果优于相应的计算机模拟结果。并对分子标记辅助选择体系在玉米回交育种中应用的若干理论问题进行了讨论，认为在实际应用MAS程序中，不仅要重点考虑最终决选的单株数（N_i），而且还应该考虑到实际有足够后代的中选单株数（N_j）。另外，结合预期要消除连锁累赘的图距，制备足够大的BC₁F₁群体是十分必要的。     

Estimation of historical effective population size using linkage disequilibria with marker data

Theory hypothesizes that the rate of decline in linkage disequilibrium (LD) as a function of distance between markers, measured by r(2), can be used to estimate effective population size (N(e)) and how it varies over time. The development of high-density genotyping makes feasible the application of this theory and has provided an impetus to improve predictions. This study considers the impact of several developments on the estimation of N(e) using both simulated and equine high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism data, when N(e) is assumed to be constant a priori and when it is not. In all models, estimates of N(e) were highly sensitive to thresholds imposed upon minor allele frequency (MAF) and to a priori assumptions on the expected r(2) for adjacent markers. Where constant N(e) was assumed a priori, then estimates with the lowest mean square error were obtained with MAF thresholds between 0.05 and 0.10, adjustment of r(2) for finite sample size, estimation of a [the limit for r(2) as recombination frequency (c) approaches 0] and relating N(e) to c (1 - c/2). The findings for predicting N(e) from models allowing variable N(e) were much less clear, apart from the desirability of correcting for finite sample size, and the lack of consistency in estimating recent N(e) (<7 generations) where estimates use data with large c. The theoretical conflicts over how estimation should proceed and uncertainty over where predictions might be expected to fit well suggest that the estimation of N(e) when it varies be carried out with extreme caution.     

家蚕27、28号染色体基因的生物信息学分析

利用家蚕基因组精细图分析第27、28号染色体上的基因结构及其编码蛋白的功能结构域,可为在家蚕资源库中鉴定这两条染色体上的突变基因以及发现新的形态标记提供重要线索。基因预测及结构分析显示:家蚕第27和28号染色体是基因数目最少的两条染色体,预测基因数目分别是241个和288个,平均每个基因分别具有7.7和5.3个外显子;蛋白质全长编码区序列(CDS)长度主要分布于400-800 bp之间;CDS的GC含量分别是49.72%和46.54%。蛋白质功能结构域分析发现,家蚕第27、28号染色体上基因所编码的蛋白分别具有76和92种结构域,其中最多的3种结构域分别为Sugar_tr、MFS_1、zf-C2H2和UDPGT、DUF、Serpin。将家蚕第27、28号染色体上的预测基因与果蝇突变基因进行同源检索的结果显示,家蚕第27、28号染色体上分别有16和15个基因具有明显的可能突变表型。     

家蚕体形突变第2数珠蚕(mf-2)的遗传学研究

经X射线诱导发现的家蚕体形突变第2数珠蚕(mf-2)在形态上与数珠蚕(mf:12-39.8)相似。通过二者间的杂交实验表明,mf-2与mf为独立遗传;与各染色体的标记基因进行连锁分析,发现mf-2与第15染色体的眼纹全黑(bl:15-0.0)连锁,说明mf-2基因属于第15连锁群;初步测定mf-2与bl间的遗传距离为27.7 cM。     

Structure of the Cochliobolus sativus population variability

The genetic diversity of several local populations of the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus sativus, collected over 3 years from different regions of the Czech Republic, was examined using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A high level of variability was found even among isolates from one lesion. Measures of multilocus linkage disequilibrium suggested that recombination has a minor impact on the genetic structure of populations. Cochliobolus sativus forms genetically divergent populations (F_ST = 0·33), indicating a low level of geneflow between populations. This was supported by a significant correlation between genetic diversity and geographical distances up to 80–100 km. The most likely explanation for the genetic variability is that the fungus forms conidia with highly variable chromosomal rearrangements. The differentiation observed among local populations implies that genetic drift, including a founder effect, combined with restricted migration generates the structure of C. sativus populations.     

小麦骨干亲本研究进展

骨干亲本形成的遗传基础研究已经成为作物优异种质分子评价的重要部分,对作物育种具有非常重要的实践意义。为此,就小麦骨干亲本的遗传多样性、重要基因组区段及有利基因发掘的研究进行了阐述,并介绍了以连锁不平衡研究为基础开始在植物系谱群体进行数量性状研究的几种策略。     

螺杆膨化挤压机套筒离合驱动机构设计研究(英文)

对螺杆膨化挤压机套筒离合驱动机构装置进行优化设计,在现有螺杆挤压机下端安装液压驱动机构以实现套简的机械开合。对设计的套筒离合驱动机构动力学模型进行理论计算,经验证该装置结构安全、操作简单、维护方便,具有很大的社会应用价值。     

连锁不平衡的研究与应用

早在20世纪初期，Jinnings就提出了连锁不平衡(Linkage disequilibrium，LD)的概念。近年来随着单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphisms，SNPs)及其单倍型(Haplotypes)研究的兴起，LD也日益成为人们研究的热点。本文借助SNPs和单倍型两种方法来论述LD的研究，并简要介绍了LD研究与关联分析的关系。