The Potential Benefits of Weeds with Reference to Small Holder Agriculture in Africa

Weed control is one of the most important crop protection activities undertaken in both intensive and low-input farming systems. However, even under intensive systems, crop protection which is less dependent on pesticides may require that weeds be managed to obtain a balance between crop and non-crop vegetation to encourage an increase in natural enemies of crop pests. In the low-input farming systems which sustain much of the rural population of Africa, weed control is usually done by hand and clean weeding is often beyond the labour resources of the farming family. The vegetational diversity of peasant agriculture in Africa to which weeds make their contribution, helps to decrease the risk of disease and pest epidemics. In addition to the pest control benefits of a diverse agroecosystem, weeds contribute to the resource base of the rural community, providing a source of secondary foods, medicines and insecticides. Weed control within an integrated crop protection system appropriate to the needs of the resource-poor farmer, requires that weeds are managed in such a way that their biodiversity is maintained and the more useful species retained within the field or field margin. Those weeds with high food potential or which have pesticidal or medicinal properties might be deliberately encouraged within the crop or field margins. Certain weed species may harbour important pests or diseases of local crops and therefore should be selectively removed. The paper reviews and discusses the literature on the beneficial and deleterious effects of weeds and argues for a weed management strategy which balances the effects of weed competition on crop production with the ethnobotanical and pest control attributes of individual weed species and weed communities.     

Advances and Perspectives in the Biological Control of Greenhouse Pests with Special Reference to Colombia

This paper analyses the state of the art of biological control of greenhouse pests with special reference to Colombia, one of the world's largest producers of cut flowers. After a discussion of the use and impacts of selected natural enemies on a variety of arthropod pests in greenhouses, suggestions on how to enhance the effectiveness of inundative release strategies further to achieve successful biological control of key pests are provided.     

水稻主要害虫田间调查实践优化

病虫害田间调查是测报的基础性工作，提高病虫害田间调查数据的准确性，有赖于田间调查方法的规范性和操作技能的提升。本文优化总结了基层测报技术人员对水稻主要害虫稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟的田间调查实践，归纳出对3种害虫田间调查方法的要点，并提出了田间调查的注意事项。     

核桃果实害虫危害损失的测定

核桃长足象(Alcidosdes Jugland Chao)、核桃举肢蛾(Atrijuglans hitauhei Yans)是引起核桃早期落果的主要果实害虫.它们与核桃当年产量损失及损失率有密切关系,害虫危害越重,产量损失率越大,其中产量损失率最高可达75.3%.且对次年挂果量有影响,危害程度越大,对次年挂果影响也越大.因此,核桃果实害虫对次年该桃产量的损失不仅包括虫害落果部分还应包括因虫害而影响挂果减少量中的一部分.     

贵州中药材淫羊藿病虫害种类调查

2010～2012年采用定点踏查、普查和定时系统调查的方式对贵州淫羊藿中药材的病虫害种类进行了调查。结果表明,贵州淫羊藿共有常见病虫害12种,其中病害主要为淫羊藿叶褐斑枯病(Macrophoma sp.)、淫羊藿皱缩病毒病、淫羊藿锈病(Puccinia sp.)、淫羊藿白粉病(Oidium sp.)、淫羊藿生理性红叶病和淫羊藿根肿病(Plasmodiophora sp.);虫害为中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)、短额负蝗(Atractomorpha xinensis)、淫羊藿尺蠖和沫蝉;其他2种为螨类和鼠害。     

广东省藜蒴研究进展

文章综述了近年来藜蒴的研究概况,指出藜蒴是一种分布广、种源丰富的优良乡土树种,在广东分布尤广;藜蒴人工林生物量较大,林地的土壤保水性和通气性均比火力楠林地、荷木林地的好;藜蒴造林可用实生苗和扦插苗,马尾松、藜蒴混交林比马尾松纯林树种根系的吸收能力强。藜蒴主要病虫害种类达30多种,其中虫害25种,病害8种以上;藜蒴木材用途广,可应用于中纤板生产,通过不同的抽提处理来改变或控制其弦界面性质。     

陇南茶树主要病虫害发生动态及防治措施

针对甘肃陇南茶树病虫害发生种类不清的实际,采用普查与定点调查相结合的方法,在摸清了主要病虫害发生规律的基础上,根据无公害茶叶生产要求,探索了无公害防治技术。     

竹林主要害虫综合防治技术研究

笔者于1988～1991年在安吉县通过对竹虫发生类型区划、主要竹虫测报技术和在高虫口为害时推广以竹腔注射甲胺磷原液为主的化学防治并协调其他多种防治措施(包括营林技术、物理和化学防治),低虫口时注重虫情监测和营林措施等项竹虫综合防治技术研究,取得很好防治效果,达到了有虫不成灾,竹林虫口基数和防治费用逐年下降,防治费用与收益比为1:9.6,深受竹农欢迎。     

公路草坪养护管理技术初探

为保证草坪绿化质量 ,延长其寿命 ,结合近年来在公路草坪施工与养护管理中积累的实践经验 ,对公路草坪的种类、生长习性 ,以及草坪建植后的浇水、除杂草、修剪、施肥、病虫害防治等养护管理技术进行了探讨与总结 ,以期为各地公路草坪绿化建设提供借鉴与参考。     

D型肉毒素水剂毒饵控制鼠害的药效试验

使用D型肉毒素水剂毒饵对克拉玛依农业开发区荒漠鼠害进行药效试验,结果表明:D型肉毒素剂量达到300万毒价时,对害鼠可起到很好的防治效果,投药6 d后,灭鼠效果达到91.8%。因此,通过合理投放此种鼠药,可使鼠害防治在以保护生态环境为前提的情况下,取得降低成本和有效防治的双重效果。