Major Gene and Polygenic Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus)

The most common and effective way to control phoma stem canker (blackleg) caused by Leptosphaeria maculans in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is through the breeding of resistant cultivars. Race specific major genes that mediate resistance from the seedling stage have been identified in B. napus or have been introgressed from related species. Many race specific major genes have been described and some of them are probably identical in B. napus (allotetraploid AACC) and the parental species B. rapa (diploid AA). More work is needed using a set of well-characterised isolates to determine the number of different major resistance genes available. In some B. napus cultivars, there is resistance which is polygenic (mediated by Quantitative Trait Loci) and postulated to be race non-specific. Many of these major genes and Quantitative Trait Loci for resistance to L. maculans have been located on B. napus genetic maps. Genes involved in race specific and polygenic resistance are generally distinct.     

Anthracnose of centipede grass caused by Colletotrichum caudatum

Anthracnose disease was found on centipede grass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] planted as a ground cover on paddy field levees in Shiga Prefecture in 2004. The symptoms were ear blight, stalk blight, and leaf spots. The causal fungus was morphologically identified as Colletotrichum caudatum (Sacc.) Peck. This is the first report of centipede grass anthracnose caused by C. caudatum.     

利用CAPS标记辅助辣椒PVY抗性基因PVr4转育的研究

利用国外报道的与PVr4基因紧密连锁的CAPS标记,对辣椒抗PVY基因PVr4的转育进行了研究和探讨。采用与报道的相同抗源材料CdM334为回交的供体亲本,与5个自交系77013、75-7-3-1、83077、83078、83-163进行回交,在BC1代进行了分子标记的选择。从5个BC1群体75-7-3-1×(CdM334×75-7-3-1)、77013×(CdM334×77013)、83077×(CdM334×83077)、83078×(CdM334×83078)、83-163×(CdM334×83-163)中,分别检测出含有抗病连锁标记的单株21株、15株、10株、11株、12株。     

枣离体叶片高效再生植株的研究

 以‘黄骅冬枣’组培苗叶片为试材, 研究了叶片幼嫩程度、叶片来源、组培苗状态以及植物生长调节剂等对离体叶片诱导不定芽再生的影响, 并获得了完整的再生植株。结果表明, 以未生根组培苗中上部叶片再生效果较好; TDZ诱导叶片再生不定芽的效果显著优于BA; 离体叶片在MS + TDZ 1.0 mg·L ^{- 1} + IBA 0.1 mg·L ^{- 1}培养基中诱导培养28 d后, 转入MS + IBA 0.1 mg·L ^{- 1} + GA₃ 0.05 mg·L ^{- 1}培养基中二次培养, 叶片再生效果最好, 再生率可达92.45%。将叶片再生植株转入MS +BA 1.0 mg·L ^{- 1} + KT0.5 mg·L ^{- 1} + IBA 0.1 mg·L ^{- 1}培养基中继代增殖培养, 增殖系数达3.64。以1 /2MS + IAA 1.0 mg·L ^{- 1}培养基诱导生根, 生根率87.1%。生根苗大田移栽成活率达到57%。     

不同采收季节对叶用芥菜类黄酮物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响

 以10个不同基因型叶用芥菜为试材, 研究了不同采收季节对其总酚含量、类黄酮含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明春季采收的总酚含量、抗氧化活性显著高于冬季采收的。叶用芥菜含有槲皮素和山奈素两种类黄酮化合物, 春季采收的槲皮素和山奈素含量高于冬季采收的。基因型间总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量及抗氧化活性均存在较大的差异, 并与生长季节有极显著的互作关系, 表明生长季节对不同基因型叶用芥菜酚类物质积累和抗氧化活性有较大的影响。总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量分别与抗氧化活性呈极显著和显著正相关。     

Effect of soil water stress on the development of stone cells in pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. ‘Niitaka’) flesh

This study was carried out to investigate the cause of stone cell formation in pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. ‘Niitaka’) flesh. Potted plants grown in a glass house were subjected to water stress conditions without irrigation for 30 days from 30 days before full bloom (BFB treatment), full bloom (FB treatment) and 30 days after full bloom (AFB treatment). Control plants were drip-irrigated daily maintaining a soil matrix potential around −40 ± 5 kPa. The formation of stone cells in pear flesh increased in the FB treatment and AFB treatment plants and this tendency was sustained until the harvest season. Root activity was investigated 60 days after full bloom (DAFB) and the triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction potential, the formazan content and leaf water potential were investigated 30, 45, and 60 DAFB. Root activity decreased progressively due to the effect of water stress. Also, the Ca content in leaf and flesh was lower. The peroxidase activity was high in the flesh at the early stages of fruit growth and decreased at the late stages of fruit growth, and then a higher increase of peroxidase activity was observed in water-stressed fruit. The reduction in calcium content of leaf and fruit in plants under water stress may be related to the reduction of root activity and leaf water potential. The increase in peroxidase activity under water stress may be due to limited calcium absorption. Higher peroxidase activity may induce the accumulation of lignin in the cell wall and promote the formation of stone cells in pear flesh. We conclude that water stress condition during the early stages of fruit growth is one of several factors that determine the formation of stone cells in pear flesh.     

玫瑰对溴甲烷耐药性机理及其预防措施研究

本文研究了澳甲烷对玫瑰熏蒸药害的机理和预防措施，结果表明高剂量溴甲烷能破坏玫瑰的抗氧化系统，导致品质受损。玫瑰熏蒸前用甘油喷雾或内吸Vc或硫酸铝，可降低药害。     

大豆锈病研究现状与进展

大豆锈病近年在东南亚、南美洲发展迅速,对大豆生产威胁越来越大,尤其2004年11月登陆美国大陆,更引起大豆研究者、大豆生产国和进口国的极大关注。本文介绍了近年国际上大豆锈病的研究进展,主要包括大豆锈病的发现、地理分布、病原、症状、寄主范围、病原菌生理分化和防治技术研究等。     

同源四倍体皇家嘎拉苹果的生长结果特性

皇家嘎拉苹果四倍体是一个由皇家嘎拉苹果二倍体经诱变处理获得的品系。为了解皇家嘎拉苹果四倍体与二倍体对照植株在生长结果特性方面的差异,取2种果树的接穗高接到10年生大树上,在植株结果后进行了调查研究。结果表明,由皇家嘎拉苹果二倍体诱变成的同源四倍体植株在高接后第3年开始结果,其花萼、花瓣、雌蕊、雄蕊及花药比对照大;叶片变宽,叶柄和果柄变短粗;单果大,种子数少,果形指数小,果实可溶性固形物、总糖和可滴定酸含量增高;其节间长、叶长及果肉硬度与二倍体则无显著差异。     

转rolA、B、C基因枳橙快繁技术

通过对转rol基因枳橙B、D、E系及对照的高接植株春梢茎段进行萌芽诱导、增殖及试管苗生根成苗的试验,摸索出适宜枳橙快繁各种培养基配方及培养条件。结果表明,以MS+6-BA1mg/L的培养基适合于芽萌发,以MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L的培养基适合于芽增殖,生根则以1/2MS+NAA0.5mg/L+0.2%活性炭的组合最佳,转基因各系生根率均在93.3%以上,显著高于对照生根率(66.7%)。快繁苗移栽成活率可达90%,目前生长良好。