白背飞虱酚氧化酶原PPO基因特性及其免疫应答

【目的】酚氧化酶(phenoloxidase,PO)是昆虫体内的免疫蛋白,在昆虫体内起重要的调节作用,主要以无活性的酚氧化酶原(prophenoloxidase,PPO)形式存在。本研究在转录组测序获得白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera)3条PPO序列的基础上,通过分析白背飞虱体内不同SfPPO的发育和组织表达模式,并进一步抑制SfPPO的表达以及病原菌诱导,探讨SfPPO在白背飞虱体内的生物学功能。【方法】以白背飞虱3条SfPPO序列为研究对象,利用生物信息学方法分析其蛋白结构以及与其他昆虫之间的同源性。并以注射绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)的dsRNA作为对照组,通过注射合成的ds SfPPO后采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测基因表达抑制效果;此外,为了探究SfPPO在白背飞虱生长发育和免疫应答方面的作用,利用qRT-PCR检测SfPPO在不同发育阶段及组织中的表达情况,以及注射大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)后3个SfPPO的诱导表达情况。【结果】...     

Screening for New Cosmeceuticals from Brown Algae Fucus vesiculosus with Antioxidant and Photo-Protecting Properties

Phlorotannins play a role in biological functions to protect the cells against UV and oxidative damage in brown algae. We hypothesized that these compounds can function as photo-protectors and antioxidants in skin care formulations. Two types of extracts (water (FV-WE) and 67% v/v ethanol (FV-EE)) from Fucus vesiculosus were obtained with a phlorotannin content between 7−14% in dry extract. Exposure to sun light during growth was included as a factor on the phlorotannin content but did not influence the phlorotannin content. However, green colored F. vesiculosus had lower total phenolic content (TPC) (FV-WE = 6.9 g GAE 100 g⁻¹ dw, FV-EE = 7.8 g GAE 100 g⁻¹ dw) compared to those with a yellow/brownish color (FV-WE = 10.4–13.7 g GAE 100 g⁻¹ dw, FV-EE = 11.2–14.0 g GAE 100 g⁻¹ dw). UVA and UVB photo protective capabilities of the extracts through different biological effective protection factors (BEPFs) were evaluated using in vitro methods; the Mansur method for sun protection factor (SPF) and calculation of effective solar absorption radiation (%ESAR) to determine SPF and UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) of the extract and in seaweed enriched lotion. The SPF was negligible, when evaluating FV-WE in lotion (10 and 20% w/w). Moreover, %ESAR of the FV-WE showed SPF and some UVA-PF, but not enough to give sufficient SPF in lotions (10% w/w). It was concluded that the concentration of UV protecting compounds in the extracts was too low to and that further fractionation and purification of phlorotannins is needed to increase the SPF.     

Basic Technology and Recent Trends in Agricultural Formulation and Application Technology

Recent requirements of the pesticide industry have become much severer, and pesticides (formulated products) are required to satisfy higher safety to both human beings and the environment, higher biological efficacy, lower price, and labor-saving. This review explains the outline of basic pesticide formulation technology, followed by recent advances in developing new formulations and application technologies. Labor-saving formulations and application technologies, environmental load reduction technologies, and user-friendly formulations and application technologies are elucidated.     

市场经济对云南规划烟区耕地资源的影响分析

为了掌握目前云南规划烟区在耕地资源配置方面的详细情况,以及市场经济对云南规划烟区坡度影响,以最新烤烟种植区划成果数据和坡度格点化数据为基础,分析各州市烤烟种植区划核心区,优质区和适宜区在坡度类型的分布状况和差异,在此基础上结合各州市农村人均可支配收入数据,分析市场经济对云南烤烟种植区坡度的影响.结果表明:云南省烤烟规划...     

攀西地区酿酒葡萄破眠剂处理提高抽枝率研究

2003~2004和2004~2005年两个冬季,在四川省攀西地区对霞多丽、佳美、梅鹿辄、黑虎香四个葡萄品种休眠冬芽进行了化学药剂处理。翌年抽枝率结果表明:在冬季气温最低时处理四个品种的抽枝率均有提高;1.0%H2CN2 1.0%吐温80处理抽枝率提高最大;葡萄品种成熟期不同,对化学药剂处理的反应亦不相同,品种按处理与对照的萌芽率比值大小排序,依次为早中熟品种佳美、中熟品种梅鹿辄、早熟品种霞多丽、晚熟品种黑虎香。     

基于数据包络分析的新疆农用地利用效益评价

本文应用数据包络分析(DEA)的理论与模型对新疆农用地利用效率进行了评价。根据DEA有效性值,从土地投入与产出两个方面分析了各地区的DEA有效性,呈现南疆最高、北疆次之、东疆最低的格局,以及非DEA的区域性差异;农业发展水平越高,DEA有效值越高,反之,DEA有效值越低,总体而言新疆农用地利用效益还有较大的增长空间。根据计算结果提出了提高农用地利用效率的建议。     

绿洲农田防护林系统土壤蒸发特征研究

以景电灌区绿洲农田防护林系统为研究对象,通过对农田防护林系统内土壤水分蒸发的测定分析,结果表明:在1H范围内,越靠近林带,土壤蒸发量越大。随着与林带距离的增加,土壤蒸发量有先减小后增大的趋势;农田防护林系统内土壤水分蒸发量在灌溉前后有先增加后减小的趋势,并且对照点土壤水分蒸发量始终高于林网内观测点,林网内土壤蒸发量与对照点相比平均减少了35.17%。说明绿洲农田防护林系统能有效减弱土壤蒸发量;相关分析表明,系统内土壤水分蒸发量受到土壤本身和气象因子的制约,其影响程度大小依次为土壤含水量>太阳辐射>空气相对湿度>风速>气温,其中土壤含水量、太阳辐射、气温、风速与土壤蒸发量成正相关,空气相对湿度与其成负相关关系。     

甘肃桃(Prunus kansuensis)雌雄配子体发育规律及遗传特性的研究

为了了解甘肃桃的早花性与其花芽分化的关系及早花性的遗传能力,以甘肃桃1号(甘肃桃)(Prunus kan-suensis)、96-7(普通桃)(P.persica)、甘肃桃1号×96-7的杂种一代群体(20株)为试材,对材料的生物学特性和花芽分化解剖结构进行了研究。结果表明,1)通过对叶、花、果形态特征观察发现,甘肃桃1号×96-7杂种群体的表现性状趋向甘肃桃1号。2)甘肃桃1号在落叶前形成雄配子体,具有花粉的早熟性。3)杂种群体花芽分化始期及花芽分化特性也趋向于母本甘肃桃1号。     

Identification,Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.     

灵芝膜喙扁蝽的发生规律及防治

灵芝膜喙扁蝽在浙江一年发生二代,若虫期为5龄,以成虫在土中的段木周围及灵芝棚内紧贴土面的木片、竹片下越冬。该虫具有群集、假死、喜阴等习性。每年6～10月为发生为害期。膜喙扁蝽以灵芝菌丝为食,灵芝段木受害后,灵芝产量明显减少,品质下降。研究结果表明,该虫的防治可采用农业防治与化学防治相结合的方法,农药以敌敌畏、辛硫磷和百树得为宜。