运材汽车蓄电池的使用和保养

介绍了运材汽车蓄电池的使用特点和保养方法。     

规划衔接与建设用地空间管制协调研究

在前人研究的基础上,总结了上一轮土地利用规划实施过程中存在的问题,研究规划衔接的重要性和必要性。从剖析比较各类规划,特别是土地利用总体规划和城乡规划的内容和侧重点差异性的基础上,提出规划衔接的可行性及方法,探讨了规划衔接与建设用地空间管制的主要内容及协调对策,提出了对相关研究和新一轮规划编制的建议。     

继承:农村土地承包经营权完善的重要内容

农村土地承包经营制度是我国在特定时期——土地公有的前提下制定的,农民可以依法取得土地的使用权和收益权,实现对土地的直接占用。由于我国现行法对农村土地承包经营权继承的规定不够明确,对土地承包经营权能否继承,学术界出现了两种对立的观点。文章立足于理论与实践的结合,在实地调查的基础上,从相关概念分析入手,对农村土地承包经营权能否继承及理由、现有的继承方式进行了分析,并阐述了在具体的实践操作中,应该注意的几类人群的继承问题。     

灌溉方式对大豆光合性状及土壤水分利用率的影响

设置均匀灌溉、固定隔沟灌溉、交替隔沟灌溉3种灌溉方式,分别在大豆开花期、结荚期和鼓粒期进行灌溉,每次单沟灌水量分为60、45和30 mm 3个水平,以不灌溉为对照,研究了灌溉方式对大豆光合特性的影响.结果表明:灌溉可极显著提高大豆叶片的光合速率和大豆产量,交替隔沟灌45 mm的R4期光合速率、产量与交替隔沟灌60 mm差异不显著,而且土壤水分利用效率最高,从节水增产增效角度分析,交替隔沟灌溉45 mm的灌溉方式最佳.     

Estimation of phenotypic variability in symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability of common bean under drought stress using 15N natural abundance in grain

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume, cultivated by small farmers and is usually exposed to unfavorable conditions with minimum use of inputs. Drought and low soil fertility, especially phosphorus and nitrogen (N) deficiencies, are major limitations to bean yield in smallholder systems. Beans can derive part of their required N from the atmosphere through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Drought stress severely limits SNF ability of plants. The main objectives of this study were to: (i) test and validate the use of ¹⁵N natural abundance in grain to quantify phenotypic differences in SNF ability for its implementation in breeding programs of common bean with bush growth habit aiming to improve SNF, and (ii) quantify phenotypic differences in SNF under drought to identify superior genotypes that could serve as parents. Field studies were conducted at CIAT-Palmira, Colombia using a set of 36 bean genotypes belonging to the Middle American gene pool for evaluation in two seasons with two levels of water supply (irrigated and drought stress). We used ¹⁵N natural abundance method to compare SNF ability estimated from shoot tissue sampled at mid-pod filling growth stage vs. grain tissue sampled at harvest. Our results showed positive and significant correlation between nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) estimated using shoot tissue at mid-pod filling and %Ndfa estimated using grain tissue at harvest. Both methods showed phenotypic variability in SNF ability under both drought and irrigated conditions and a significant reduction in SNF ability was observed under drought stress. We suggest that the method of estimating Ndfa using grain tissue (Ndfa-G) could be applied in bean breeding programs to improve SNF ability. Using this method of Ndfa-G, we identified four bean lines (RCB 593, SEA 15, NCB 226 and BFS 29) that combine greater SNF ability with greater grain yield under drought stress and these could serve as potential parents to further improve SNF ability of common bean.     

太原经济技术开发区用地效益评价

通过对太原经济技术开发区的实际调查和对2002—2011年10 a间的相关统计及国家商务部历年发布的国家级经济技术开发区发展报告的信息进行分析,从开发区土地利用现状、年度建设用地供给、科工贸收入、工业总产值、GDP、税收收入、国内外资金利用等方面,综合评价了太原经济技术开发区的经济效益和用地效益。结果表明,该区独立运行10 a来成绩显著,整体效益逐步提高,在山西所有开发区中经济效益名列前茅,在全省经济技术开发区中每年的综合评价都名列第1;与国内中西部或中部的同类开发区相比,该区经济总量和单位面积产生的效益排名中后;与国内先进经济技术开发区相比,差距较大;该区内部分企业规模大、影响广泛,经济效益和用地效益均好,起到了带头和示范作用,但仍有部分企业规模小、投入水平低、建设周期长、产生效益低,影响了全区整体效益的发挥。建议开发区管委会引导入区企业加大投入,加快建设步伐,及早产生经济效益;尽快实施扩区计划,保证经济快速、健康发展;落实土地供给和退出政策,使有限的土地发挥更大的效益。     

Landscape Zonation, benefit functions and target-based planning: Unifying reserve selection strategies

The most widespread reserve selection strategy is target-based planning, as specified under the framework of systematic conservation planning. Targets are given for the representation levels of biodiversity features, and site selection algorithms are employed to either meet the targets with least cost (the minimum set formulation) or to maximize the number of targets met with a given resource (maximum coverage). Benefit functions are another recent approach to reserve selection. In the benefit function framework the objective is to maximize the value of the reserve network, however value is defined. In one benefit function formulation value is a sum over species-specific values, and species-specific value is an increasing function of representation. This benefit function approach is computationally convenient, but because it allows free tradeoffs between species, it essentially makes the assumption that species are acting as surrogates, or samples from a larger regional species pool. The Zonation algorithm is a recent computational method that produces a hierarchy of conservation priority through the landscape. This hierarchy is produced via iterative removal of selection units (cells) using the criterion of least marginal loss of conservation value to decide which cell to remove next. The first variant of Zonation, here called core-area Zonation, has a characteristic of emphasizing core-areas of all species. Here I separate the Zonation meta-algorithm from the cell removal rule, the definition of marginal loss of conservation value utilized inside the algorithm. I show how additive benefit functions and target-based planning can be implemented into the Zonation framework via the use of particular kinds of cell removal rules. The core-area, additive benefit function and targeting benefit function variants of Zonation have interesting conceptual differences in how they treat and trade off between species in the planning process.     

施肥对割草地羊草功能性状和化学计量学的影响

本研究以羊草（Leymus chinensis）为研究对象,测定羊草植物功能性状、营养元素和化学计量等多个指标,进行多角度综合系统的研究,阐释羊草割草地羊草种群对不同改良措施的响应特点及变化规律。运用单、双因素方差分析、相关分析和主成分分析方法对相关指标进行统计分析。结果表明：大多数羊草功能性状对施肥处理较为敏感,但随着施肥年份增加,部分指标敏感程度减弱;高浓度（N 10.5 g·m^-2+P 5.1 g·m^-2）施肥处理显著增加了株高和茎长,茎长成为羊草株高增长的主要因素;高浓度（N 10.5 g·m^-2+P 5.1 g·m^-2）施肥处理有利于羊草种群地上生物量的增加;羊草氮含量随着施肥年份增加逐渐增加,羊草氮含量与羊草C：N存在高度负相关,施肥（N 10.5 g·m^-2+P 5.1 g·m^-2）处理下羊草叶片和茎的C：N,羊草个体和叶片C：P最低。     

基于最小数据集的喀斯特不同利用方式下土壤质量评价

为了探究贵州喀斯特区域不同土壤利用方式对土壤质量的影响,我们对该地区的林地、人工草地、天然草地、农田、弃耕地5种土地利用方式下的土壤理化性质进行研究。基于最小数据集对该区域的土壤质量进行评价,构建的最小数据集包括：土壤pH值、容重、全盐、阳离子交换量、全氮、有效铜、有效铁等指标。结果表明：全量数据集和最小数据集获得的土壤质量均表现为林地 > 人工草地 > 天然草地 > 农田 > 弃耕地;人工草地、天然草地、农田、林地的土壤质量等级为二级,位于土壤质量分级中的"较高"水平,弃耕地土壤质量为三级,位于"中等"水平。以上结果表明,人为对自然生态系统的开垦降低了土壤的质量。     

基于热力学定律的太阳能利用探究

本文对太阳能的起源、传播、与物质的相互作用以及储存和利用等各个方面所涉及的物理学定律,特别是对太阳能热利用所涉及的热力学定律进行了概括和归纳。根据热力学定律指出太阳能热利用的真正适用范围。