The inventory of carbon stock in New Zealand’s post-1989 planted forest for reporting under the Kyoto protocol

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) requires reporting net carbon stock changes and anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, including those related to forests. This paper describes the design and implementation of a nation-wide forest inventory of New Zealand’s planted post-1989 forests that arose from Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry activities (LULUCF) under Article 3.3 of the Kyoto Protocol. The majority of these forests are planted with Pinus radiata, with the remainder made up of other species exotic to New Zealand. At the start of the project there was no on-going national forest inventory that could be used as a basis for calculating carbon stocks and meet Good Practice Guidelines.A network of ground-based permanent sample plots was installed with airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) for double sampling using regression estimators to predict carbon in each of the four carbon pools of above- and below-ground live biomass, dead wood and litter. Measurement, data acquisition and quality assurance/control protocols were developed specifically for the inventory, carried out in 2007 and 2008. Plots were located at the intersection of a forest with a 4 km square grid, coincident with an equivalent 8 km square grid established over the indigenous forest and “grassland with woody biomass” (Other Wooded Land). Planted tree carbon within a ground plot was calculated by an integrated system of growth, wood density and compartment allocation models utilising the data from measurements of trees and shrubs on the plots. This system, called the Forest Carbon Predictor, predicts past and future carbon in a stand and is conditioned so that the calculated basal area and mean top height equals that obtained by conventional mensuration methods at the time of the plot measurement. Mean per hectare carbon stocks were then multiplied by an estimate of the total area of post 1989 forests obtained from wall to wall mapping using a combination of satellite imagery and ortho-photography.The network of permanent samples plots and LiDAR double sampling methodology was designed to be simple and robust to change over time. In the future, using LiDAR should achieve sampling efficiencies over using ground plots alone and reduces any problems regarding restricted access on the ground. The network is to be remeasured at the end of commitment period 1, 2012, and the carbon stocks re-estimated in order to calculate change.     

A potential calcium antagonist and its antihypertensive effects

Imperatorin (Imp) as a hypotensive active ingredient, its hypotensive effect was evaluated in the SHRs, its calcium antagonism and affinity to L-type calcium channel was also confirmed. The results showed that the blood pressure was decreased in the SHRs treated with Imp, the aortic ring was relaxed with Imp, L-type calcium channel currents and intracellular calcium free ion rise was nearly disappeared when adding Imp. In addition, Imp displayed a chromatographic peak similar to nitrendipine and verapamil by the cell membrane chromatography, same results from protein–drug docking approaches. Hence, Imp target the L-type calcium channel, and may be used as a novel antihypertensive drug.     

数字通信在押出机中的应用

介绍了可编程控制器 ( PLC)与变频调速器 ,可编程控制器与温度控制仪构成的多分支通信网在押出机 (用于生产电线电缆的机器 ,国外又名挤出机 )中的应用 .用通信方式实现了对温控仪进行读、写以及温度报警等一系列功能 .同时给出了工艺流程图和系统框图和部分最基本的 PLC程序     

臭氧处理对巨峰葡萄微生物及贮藏品质的影响

[目的]探讨臭氧气体处理对巨峰葡萄的保鲜效果。[方法]以不同浓度臭氧（21.04、44.62、81.41、131.14mg/m3）处理新鲜巨峰葡萄,将处理后的葡萄贮藏于温度为-0.5～0.5℃、湿度为85%～95%的冷库中,研究不同处理对葡萄病原微生物的杀灭效果及其对葡萄贮藏品质的影响。[结果]臭氧处理可有效抑制葡萄表面的微生物繁殖,且臭氧浓度越大处理效果越好,贮藏至84d时,21.04、44.62、81.41、131.14mg/m3臭氧对霉菌的杀灭率分别为80.45%、94.09%、95.64%、96.18%;81.41mg/m3臭氧处理可有效减轻葡萄的腐烂程度,降低其呼吸强度并抑制其Vc、可滴定酸及可溶性总糖含量下降,延缓其成熟和衰老进程。[结论]81.41mg/m3臭氧处理对巨峰葡萄的保鲜效果最好。     

无线局域网组成及协议的研究

随着无线局域网技术的迅速发展,其应用也越来越广泛,本文论述了无线局域网的组成以及无线局域网的协议。     

IP组播在企业网软交换系统中的应用

为了解决服务器负载超重、网络拥塞等问题,需要在企业网软交换系统中引入组播技术．系统使用TCP／UDP协议传送控制流和数据流,并采用组播技术实现网络会议功能,编程基于Winsock1．1实现．测试结果表明用IP组播技术有效减少了带宽需求,降低了服务器负载．     

发展低碳农业的碳市场机制初探

文章综合分析了国际碳市场成因、机制、体系和标准,以及国内碳市场最新动态,文章认为：国际碳市场是国际碳补偿机制、碳排放权交易制度、以及交易平台的总和,是发达国家为实现低成本减排应对全球气候变暖而创置的一种崭新的市场机制;国际碳市场中有很多涉及到低碳农业的碳补偿项目标准,且标准日趋成熟,善加利用将会推动我国造林、再造林、森林保护、农林混合作业、生物工程、可再生能源、绿色农产品、有机农产品、废弃物综合利用等农业碳汇产业,和低碳排放农业技术进步。文章提出：在当前经济贸易全球化和社会主义市场经济体制背景下,充分发挥市场机制,遵照国际碳补偿项目标准、利用好国际、国内两个碳市场,是我国充分利用外资和国内社会资本发展低碳农业,实施工业反哺农业、城乡一体化发展战略的有效途径。