Inheritance and relationships of important agronomic traits in almond

The inheritance of 16 important agronomic traits and its relationship were studied for four years in a population of 167 almond [P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] seedlings obtained from a cross between the French selection ‘R1000’ (‘Tardy Nonpareil’ × ‘Tuono’) and the Spanish cultivar ‘Desmayo Largueta’. For some traits (blooming and leafing date) descendants segregated between the value of both progenitors, meanwhile for others the mean of the offspring was lower (bloom density, productivity and ripening date) or higher (in-shell/kernel ratio and double kernels). As expected, kernel bitterness and self-incompatibility behaved as monogenic traits. Some important correlations between traits were detected. The implications of the transmission and the correlation of these traits in the breeding programmes are discussed.     

狗猪鹿牙齿的高耐磨特性对比

为解决土壤工作部件磨损严重的问题,该文以狗牙、猪牙、鹿牙为研究对象,采用摩擦磨损试验机进行摩擦磨损试验,考察了狗牙、猪牙、鹿牙的摩擦学性能,通过激光共聚焦扫描显微镜测量磨损深度,利用扫描电子显微镜观察狗牙、猪牙、鹿牙的磨损形貌,利用纳米压痕仪分别对狗牙、猪牙、鹿牙进行力学性能试验,测试其纳米硬度和弹性模量。试验表明：狗牙釉质磨斑表面磨屑剥落严重、附着大量的细小磨粒、有明显的龟裂现象,磨损体积为1.91×107 μm3,猪牙釉质磨斑表面主要是磨屑剥落,磨损体积为1.56×107 μm3,鹿牙釉质磨斑表面也表现为磨屑剥落,磨损程度比猪牙齿的轻,磨损体积为1.39×107 μm3;牙齿的耐磨性与其硬度密切相关;鹿牙釉质的耐磨性、纳米硬度和弹性模量最大,狗牙釉质的最小。该文以动物牙齿为仿生原型,为耐磨触土部件的研发提供新的参考方向和理论依据。     

小麦籽粒胚乳结构性状的研究

利用扫描电镜观察了 4个小麦品种 (系 )的籽粒断面 ,分析了 2 6个小麦品种的加工品质性状。结果表明 :软麦籽粒断面胚乳薄壁细胞的淀粉粒清晰可见 ,并保持完整状态 ,胚乳结构比较疏松 ;而硬麦籽粒断面胚乳淀粉粒多数破碎 ,胚乳结构相对致密。硬麦品种出粉率、粗蛋白含量、沉淀值、面团评价值等性状的平均值均高于软麦品种 ,但软麦的水溶性蛋白质含量平均值高于硬麦品种。籽粒硬度与角质率与多种加工品质性状呈显著正相关 ,与水溶性蛋白质呈显著负相关 ,因而硬度作为硬麦指标比较可靠。试验还发现 ,参试软麦品种中有沉淀值较高的品种出现。     

多元醇对聚酯改性有机硅树脂性能的影响

通过对包括三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇及乙二醇这几种不同的多元醇合成的聚酯,利用有机硅中间体改性成膜后,对基材的附着力、硬度、柔韧性所做的探讨,可知在硅含量相同时,乙二醇的附着力最好,且柔韧性也最好,但耐热性能最差,在综合考虑的基础上,三羟甲基丙烷的性能最好。     

Distribution of Grain Hardness in Chinese Wheats and Genetic Analysis

A hundred winter wheat and 41 spring wheat cultivars and advanced lines were used to investigate the distribution of grain hardness in Chinese wheats and correlations between grain hardness and other kernel traits. P1, P2, F1, F2 and F3 from three crosses, i. e. , Liken2/Yumai2, 85Zhong33/Wenmai6 and 85Zhong33/95Zhong459 were sown to study the genetics of grain hardness. Significant correlation was observed between hardness measured by Single Kernel Characteristic System 4100 (SKCS 4100) and Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy, r ranging from 0. 85 to 0.94. Chinese wheat is a mixed population in terms of hardness, ranging from very soft to very hard. For autumn-sown wheat, on average, grain hardness decreases from north to south and spring-sown wheat is dominant with hard type. Hardness is negatively associated with flour color, and its associations with flour yield and ash content differ in winter and spring wheats. Grain hardness is controlled by a major gene and several minor genes with additive effect mostly, but dominant effect is also observed, with heritability of 0.78.     

不同砂光量下展平竹板硬度及回弹率研究

竹材是粘弹性材料,在载荷条件下会产生弹性变形。以毛竹展平板材为研究对象,研究不同的竹材表面砂光量对其硬度以及卸载后对竹壁回弹率的影响。研究结果显示,随着展平竹板表面砂光量的增大,硬度先有上升的趋势,在砂光量为0.5 mm达最大值后逐渐降低;竹壁的回弹率随着表面砂光量的增大而逐渐降低,在砂光量为1.5 mm后下降趋势变缓;同时,竹壁的回弹率也随着卸载后陈放时间的延长而逐渐增大,但是增大趋势逐渐趋缓。     

平欧杂种榛果实经济性状与综合评价

为了对优良品种的选育提供科学依据,以进入盛果期的不同品系平欧杂种榛果实为研究对象,采用方差分析、相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析对果实经济性状进行统计分析。结果表明:供试平欧杂种榛的坚果质量2.10~3.90 g,坚果三径均值16.80~22.39 mm,果仁质量0.85~1.50 g,果壳厚度1.38~2.17 mm,果腔系数0.60~0.89,出仁率25.05%~45.32%;供试平欧杂种榛品系坚果性状、果仁性状和出仁性状之间均存在显著差异,变异系数7.60%~35.49%;在品种选育时,坚果、果仁的质量和整齐度选择空间最大,坚果形状指数和三径均值以及果仁三径均值的选择余地最小,各经济性状间存在不同程度的相关性,通过聚类分析,将供试平欧杂种榛划分为3类;影响平欧杂种榛果实经济性状的主要指标为出仁率、果腔系数、果仁质量、果仁形状指数和壳厚。根据经济性状的综合得分值,筛选出84-41、83-33、B-21、B-3和84-310等品系的坚果综合经济性状较优。     

乏信息材料布氏硬度测量不确定度蒙特卡罗评定

应用蒙转卡罗方法实现小样本材料布氏硬度测量不确定度的评定.依据测量误差源标定数据或布氏硬度测量结果两种数据处理途径,分析已知数据的概率分布特性,通过产生大样本量的随机数进行仿真,拓宽数据样本空间,进而分别依据不确定度合成和贝塞尔公式计算出乏信息材料布氏硬度测量不确定度.通过具体的测量实例验证了本方法的可行性.     

优质红绿茶兼用品种78-35选育研究

78-35是江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所的科研人员于1978年春，从群体茶园自然变异体中单株选择，无性繁殖培育成的新品种，经品系比较，性状鉴定，生化分析，适制性研究和生产试验示范，表明具有发芽早，芽叶茸毛多，适制银针，毛峰类名茶和大宗绿茶、红茶、产量高且品质优；抗寒性强，抗病虫能力也较强以及适应性广的优点。