竹木复合砧板基材对其硬度和甲醛释放量的影响

为探究竹木复合砧板基材对其硬度和甲醛释放量的影响,分别选择基材为木材、竹材和人造板的3类竹木复合砧板,测定并分析其硬度与甲醛释放量。结果表明：基材为木材和竹材的竹木复合砧板硬度大于基材为人造板的竹木复合砧板硬度;基材为人造板的竹木复合砧板甲醛释放量大于基材为竹材和木材的竹木复合砧板甲醛释放量。研究结果可为生活中选择竹木复合砧板提供参考。     

灌浆期不同阶段高温胁迫对春小麦籽粒生长的影响

灌浆期短暂高温胁迫严重影响小麦产量。为了明确灌浆期不同阶段短暂高温胁迫对春小麦籽粒生长的影响,以强筋春小麦品种龙麦26和龙麦30为试材,在人工气候室(25℃/15℃)精确控温和人工温室形成绝对高温胁迫的条件下,分析了灌浆期不同阶段5d短暂高温胁迫对粒重的影响。结果表明,在灌浆期不同阶段短暂高温胁迫处理中,两个小麦品种均表现为:前期高温胁迫对粒重影响最大,达极显著水平(P0.01);随着高温胁迫处理时期的后移,粒重降低幅度逐渐减小;后期(花后25d)高温胁迫对粒重影响不显著。灌浆期缩短是导致粒重降低的主要原因。     

西藏小麦品种籽粒硬度遗传多样性

籽粒硬度是影响小麦磨粉品质和食品品质的重要因素。利用单粒谷物特性测定仪、PCR扩增和核苷酸测序技术,对121份西藏地方品种进行籽粒硬度性状遗传多样性研究。结果表明:西藏品种籽粒硬度平均值为43.73%,硬度值大于60%的品种有43种,占35.5%;混合麦22个,占18.2%;软质麦56个,比例为46.3%。符合优质饼干硬度特性的品种有42种,达到34.7%。有5种硬度基因组合类型:野生型、PinaD1b、Pinb-D1b、Pinb-D1c、Pinb-D1p。野生型比例最高,占51.22%。Pinb-D1c次之,占21.31%,其余依次为Pinb-D1b、Pina-D1b、Pinb-D1p。各种组合类型的SKCS硬度值Pinb-D1cPina-D1bPinb-D1bPinb-D1p野生型。西藏小麦品种籽粒硬度性状遗传多样性的研究将为青藏高原以及其他地区的育种提供种质资源和理论依据。     

小麦籽粒性状的QTL定位

为了明确小麦籽粒性状的遗传控制基础,以γ射线诱变结合花药培养创制的大粒、高蛋白小麦新种质H307及生产上主栽品种郑麦9023创建的含有310个株系的重组自交系为实验材料,利用QTL-ICIMapping V3.3软件构建了包含133对SSR标记的遗传连锁图谱,对千粒重、粒长、粒宽、籽粒面积、周长、粗蛋白和淀粉含量进行QTL分析,结果在两年环境条件下共检测到47个加性QTL和10个QTL富集区,其中6个千粒重QTL,分别位于1D、2B、3D、6D和7A染色体上,单个QTL可解释4.54%~13.14%的表型变异;31个粒形QTL,位于1B、1D、2B、3B、3D、5A、5D、6B、6D、7A和7D染色体上,单个QTL可解释2.90%~15.86%的表型变异;10个粗蛋白和淀粉含量QTL,分别位于1A、1B、4B和6A染色体上,单个QTL可解释3.64%~12.19%的表型变异。2B染色体上检测到1个贡献率较大且能稳定表达的重要染色体区段,该区段包含控制小麦千粒重、粒长、粒宽、籽粒面积和周长的10个QTL。1BL染色体上检测到1个控制籽粒粗蛋白含量的微效QTL,对表型的贡献率为3.64%,与连锁分子标记gwm818的遗传距离为0.22cM,该位点是一个不同于前人研究结果的新位点。     

加强甜玉米鲜食期籽粒品质变化研究

研究加强甜玉米和普通玉米2种不同类型玉米鲜食期籽粒品质变化,以明确各品质变化的动态规律。试验采用不同基因型的玉米材料,测定果穗鲜食期可溶性总糖含量、水分含量、蛋白质含量和百粒鲜重,并进行相关分析。结果表明：鲜食期籽粒发育过程中加强甜玉米可溶性总糖含量和积累速度高于普通玉米;水分的下降速度加强甜玉米比普通玉米慢;蛋白质含量加强甜玉米略低于普通玉米,蛋白质的积累与籽粒鲜重的增加过程基本一致;鲜粒重积累速度加强甜玉米低于普通玉米;授粉13d和授粉28d加强甜玉米和普通玉米蛋白质含量和鲜粒重都相近。     

玉米果穗不同部位子粒水分动态差异研究

为明确玉米果穗不同部位子粒含水率和脱水速率的动态变化差异,在春玉米区宁夏银川和夏玉米区河南新乡采用8个不同熟期和脱水速率的品种,将玉米果穗垂直等分为5个部位,定期测定不同部位子粒含水率,计算子粒脱水速率。结果表明,玉米生长中后期,果穗上部子粒含水率低于中下部子粒含水率,生理成熟前各部位子粒含水率的差值低于生理成熟后。参试品种生理成熟前20 d时不同部位子粒含水率极差低于3%,成熟期的极差值变幅为0.6%～5.2%,生理成熟后极差最大值可达6.2%。同一果穗自上而下子粒的脱水速率逐渐降低,品种之间有明显差异,先玉335、迪卡517和迪卡519果穗不同部位子粒脱水速率差异较大。果穗中部子粒脱水速率和平均脱水速率与不同部位子粒含水率的极差值呈负相关。     

Disease and pest resistance in grains of sorghum and millets

In this review available information on the mechanisms of resistance to insect pests and fungal pathogens in sorghum and millets is discussed. The primary source of resistance lies in the chemical and physical make up of the grain. Phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid and tannins present in some sorghums are potent inhibitors of pests and pathogens. Grain hardness is a major deterrent to infection and infestation in low tannin grains. The prolamins, the grain storage proteins of sorghum, are organized into protein bodies and provide a physical and a nutritional barrier since they are resistant to digestion by insect and fungal proteases. A plethora of proteins that belong to the ‘pathogenesis related protein’ group are distributed in various parts of the grain. Some of them are located in protein bodies. Notwithstanding, sorghum is still susceptible to insect pests and fungal pathogens. An understanding of the natural mechanisms of resistance in the grain is paramount for the development of durable resistance against pests and pathogens. The pyramiding of resistance genes and the development of transgenic lines based on this understanding are two sources of hope for the future protection of sorghum and millets.     

普通玉米单交种与高油玉米杂交当代子粒化学成分的遗传分析

试验以吉林省主推的普通玉米单交种为母本,以高油玉米为父本进行人工杂交,研究双亲对杂交当代子粒的脂肪、蛋白质和淀粉含量的影响.结果表明:①母本对杂交当代子粒脂肪含量的影响大于父本,杂交当代子粒的脂肪含量与其双亲的关系是:普通玉米单交种×高油玉米自交系杂交当代子粒的脂肪含量=0.60P₁+0.40P₂;普通玉米单交种×高油玉米单交种杂交当代子粒的脂肪含量=0.65P₁+0.35P₂;普通玉米单交种×高油玉米群体的杂交当代子     

Hardness distribution on wood surface

For better understanding wood hardness, we developed a new hand-operated hardness tester that works with Brinell's method. With this tester we investigated the hardness distribution of wood minutely using a 2mm diameter ball tip. The following results were obtained: (1) On preliminary examination with medium-density fiberboard, we found that the value of Brinell's hardness decreased with the increase in the tip ball's diameter but that it was almost constant with the indenting velocity. (2) By using a small diameter tip, the difference of the hardness became clearer between earlywood and latewood. (3) With radial and tangential sections, we obtained hardness distribution patterns similar to those of wood grain. It seems that the hardness distribution reflects the distribution of density on wood surfaces.     

顾及空间效应的县域收入分布时空演进研究——以广西为例

运用随机Kernel密度函数,将空间因素引入研究框架,对1998~2005年广西县域收入分布演进进行分析。结果表明,广西县域收入差距具有持续稳固的特点;区域收入分布演进总体呈单峰俱乐部收敛,表现出多俱乐部收敛的趋势,贫穷俱乐部的规模远大于其他较高收入俱乐部;县域收入分布演进明显具有空间依赖性,近邻效应显著,邻域富裕的县域向较高收入水平演进的机会较大,并且导致县域经济增长表现为局部空间俱乐部收敛特征。