基于改进YOLOv7的杨梅树单木检测

为了快速检测和统计杨梅树的数量,该研究提出了一种基于改进YOLOv7的杨梅树单木检测模型：YOLOv7-ACGDmix。首先,对YOLOv7的可扩展高效长程注意力网络（extended-efficient long-range attention networks, E-ELAN）进行改进,通过融合兼具卷积和注意力机制优势的ACmix（a mixed model that enjoys the benefit of both self-attention and convolution）结构得到AC-E-ELAN模块,提升模型的学习和推理能力,引入可变形卷积（deformable convolutional networks version 2, DCNv2）结构得到DCNv2-E-ELAN模块,增强模型对不同尺寸目标的提取能力;其次,采用内容感知特征重组（content-aware reassembly of features, CARAFE）上采样模块,提高模型对重要特征的提取能力;然后,在主干和头部网络部分添加全局注意力机制（global-attention mechanism, GAM）,强化特征中的语义信息和位置信息,提高模型特征融合能力;最后,采用WIoU（wise intersection over union）损失函数减少因正负样本数据不平衡造成的干扰,增强模型的泛化性。在公开数据集上的试验结果表明,YOLOv7-ACGDmix模型的精确率达到89.1%,召回率达到89.0%,平均精度均值（mean average precision, mAP）达到95.1%,F₁-score达到89.0%,相比于原YOLOv7模型分别提高1.8、4.0、2.3和3.0个百分点。与Faster R-CNN、SSD、YOLOv8模型相比,改进模型的平均精度均值（mAP_0.5）分别提高了9.8、2.2、0.7个百分点。实地采集杨梅树样本数据的检测精确率87.3%、召回率85.7%。试验表明,改进模型为基于无人机影像的杨梅树单木检测提供了一种有效的解决方案,对果园精准管理的发展具有重要意义。     

淫羊藿对肾阳虚雄性大鼠肾脏BMP-7表达的影响

目的 观察淫羊藿对肾阳虚雄性SD大鼠肾脏骨形态发生蛋白-7(BMP-7)表达的影响.方法 3月龄雄性SD大鼠24只,随机分为正常组、肾阳虚模型组、淫羊藿组,灌胃给药90d后,RT-PCR检测肾脏BMP-7 mRNA表达,免疫组化检测肾脏BMP-7的表达.结果 正常组和淫羊藿组BMP-7mRNA和蛋白显著高于肾阳虚模型组(灰度比值:0.990±0.103和1.054:t:0.097vs0.619±0.106,P＜0.01;免疫组化:0、1、0、4和0、0、0、4vs1、2、2、0,P＜0.01).结论 淫羊藿可提高肾脏中BMP-7的表达而保护肾脏.     

Breast cancer stem cells cultured without insulin and effect of estrogen induction

AIM:To determine whether suspension culture medium without insulin can be used to feed breast cancer tumorsphere, or not. METHODS:MCF7 cells were used to build tumorsphere. The morphological changes, CD44+ CD24- expression, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) expression and multiple division ability were measured to identify the breast cancer stem cells and to detect the function of 17β-estradiol (E2β) in tumorsphere of MCF7 cells. RESULTS:The tumorshere, each containing 30 to 60 cells, was obtained by the method of insulin-removal suspension culture. These cells were cytokeratin 18 and CD10 proteins positive, and the number of CD44+ CD24- cells and ALDH1 protein expression were significantly higher than the adherent cultured cells (P<0.05). Using 10-10 mol/L E2β to treat the tumorshere for 7 d, the tumor cell number and volume were significantly increased. Using 10-10 mol/L E2β to treat the tumorshere for 24 h, the CD44+ CD24-cells and ALDH1 protein expression were significantly higher than those in non-treatment group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Suspension culture medium without insulin can be used to feed breast cancer tumorsphere. These tumorsphere could be used as a model to determine the function of E2β in breast cancer stem cell research.     

PLC特性及其在碱回收系统中的应用设计

介绍了s7—400PLC的主要特性以及该系统的实现，重点给出了系统的下位机硬件和软件设计，并结合佳木斯造纸厂碱回收系统的设计讨论了PLC的应用。     

Control of air-borne field spread of tulip breaking virus,lily symptomless virus and lily virus X in lilies by mineral oils,synthetic pyrethroids,and a nematicide in the Netherlands

The inhibitory effect on the spread of viruses in lilies viz., tulip breaking virus (TBV; nonpersistently aphid-borne, potyvirus,) lily symptomless virus (LSV; non-persistently alphidborne, carlavirus), and lily virus X (LVX; potexvirus of unknown etiology), was studied of brands of mineral oil (Luxan oil H and Duphar-7E oil) and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides (l-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin), and a nematicide (aldicarb) in crops in which virus-infected plants were present as virus sources. The spread of TBV and LSV were controlled by sprays of mineral oil and insecticide, while that of LSV was also limited by the soil-applied nematicide. The spread of LVX was reduced by the insecticides and, not effectively by the mineral-oil spraying, by which data the mode of transmission may be presumed to be by an insect in the persistent or semi-persistent manner.Mixtures of mineral oil and pyrethroid were more effective in the reduction of spread of TBV and LSV than either components tested alone. The mineral oil was the most effective component in the mixtures in which pyrethroid added a slight extra effect. The addition of pyrethroid did not mask either the lower efficacy of the oil brand Duphar-7E oil, or the diminished inhibitory effect of low dosages of oil. The normal rate of mineral oil gave similar control to that of a mixture of mineral oil at half rate plus the pyrethroid at full dosage. Low rates of oil, or even synthetic pyrethroids alone may be used on cultivars which suffer of the loss of bulb weight by the use of normal or decreased rates of oil. Weekly sprays were more effective than fortnightly sprays. The rate of control by the weekly sprays ranged between 90 and 95% for Luxan oil H at half dosage plus the full rate of pyrethroid. Weekly sprayed synthetic pyrethroids alone onto the virus sources and the plants to be infected gave 60–70% control. The weight ratios tended to be slightly reduced if the half dosage of the efficient Luxan oil H was used. Factors which affect the control of the air-borne field spread of viruses by mineral oils and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides in lilies are discussed.     

Effects of N-methyl-D, L-aspartate on secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone from the boar hypothalamic-preoptic area and median eminence in vitro

N-methyl-D, L-aspartate (NMA) elicited secretion of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone from both the hypothalamic-preoptic area and the median eminence that were collected from boars. We suggest that the previously described increase in GH secretion that follows peripheral treatment of swine with NMA is attributable, at least in part, to NMA-stimulated secretion of GH-releasing hormone from the central nervous system.     

Forest fragmentation in Loudoun County,Virginia, USA evaluated with multitemporal Landsat imagery

In order to study forest fragmentation in the Virginia, USA Piedmont, a series of Landsat images from 1973, 1987, and 1999 covering a rapidly developing area (Loudoun County) was used to classify forest from non-forest. The classified images were analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS) to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of fragmentation, and to relate these patterns to infrared radiance provided by Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) band 6. The analysis was concentrated on eleven major watersheds of Loudoun County. The relationship between urbanized area per watershed and mean fragment size showed a strong negative decay form (r ²=0.757, p<0.0001). Analysis of four landscape metrics showed increasing fragmentation of forest cover, particularly from 1987 to 1999, as well as an increase in forest edge and shape complexity. Of the landscape metrics used, the perimeter-to-area (P/A) ratio showed the strongest relationship with mean radiance of forest patches. In addition, there was a negative, linear relationship between distance from major roads and band 6 radiance of forested pixels. Overall, the study shows that landscape metrics can convey meaningful information on biophysical changes associated with forest fragmentation at broad scales. These changes suggest that ambient temperature increases associated with urban sprawl may have important, long-term implications for ecophysiological processes.     

Milk Protein Polymorphism in Kangayam Cattle

This paper reports the milk protein polymorphism, the allele frequencies of variants and the possible linkages among various combinations of milk protein phenotypes in the Kangayam cattle of south India. Milk samples from 156 Kangayam cows were typed by starch gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for caseins and whey proteins, respectively. All the four milk protein components studied, _s1-casein, -casein, -lactoglobulin and -lactalbumin, exhibited polymorphism with high allele frequencies of 0.9231±0.0151 for _s1-casein C, 0.9263±0.0148 for -casein A, 0.9135±0.0159 for -lactoglobulin B and a relatively high frequency of 0.6218±0.0275 for -lactalbumin A. The mean heterozygosity estimated over all the four milk protein loci was 0.2420. Genetic equilibrium was observed among all the loci studied, except -lactalbumin. Linkage analysis confirmed the non-independence between _s1- and -caseins and between caseins and -lactalbumin phenotypes.     

Present Concepts on the Inflammatory Modulators with Special Reference to Cytokines*

The pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines create a network of interactions between cells that lead to both stimulatory and inhibitory responses that maintain an effective homeostatic regulation. The anti-inflammatory cytokines are a family of peptides that modulate the pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Cytokines act in concert with non-cytokine mediators, such as prostaglandin E₂, glucocorticosteroids, lipocortins, and catecholamines. This review highlights new developments in our understanding of the pathophysiology of inflammation and gives an example of a more recent approach to the modulation of acute systemic inflammatory disorders: activation of ₂-adrenergic receptors on macrophages. In this respect the potent ₂-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol seems of therapeutic interest.