蛋氨酸对幼建鲤疾病抵抗能力及免疫应答的影响

本试验旨在研究蛋氨酸对幼建鲤疾病抵抗能力及免疫应答的影响.选择体重为(12.34±0.02)g健康建鲤864尾,平均分成6组,每组144尾(每组设3个重复,每个重复48尾),分别饲喂蛋氨酸水平为0.39%、0.70%、1.00%、1.30%、1.60%和1.90%的饲料,饲养60 d后用嗜水气单胞菌攻毒17 d,考察蛋氨酸对幼建鲤免疫功能的影响.结果表明:适宜蛋氨酸水平极显著提高了攻毒前头肾体指数、后肾体指数、脾体指数、血液红、白细胞数量和攻毒后红细胞数量(P<0.01);显著提高了攻毒前白细胞吞噬率和攻毒后成活率、白细胞数量、白细胞吞噬率、血清酸性磷酸酶活力、溶菌酶含量、补体C3含量、凝集素水平和抗嗜水气单胞菌抗体效价(P<0.05).由此得出,蛋氨酸通过增强白细胞吞噬能力和提高特异性抗体效价从而提高幼建鲤的非特异性和特异性免疫力,增强疾病抵抗力.     

棉粕酶解蛋白肽对建鲤生产性能和生化指标的影响

以2%棉粕酶解蛋白肽(以下简称蛋白肽)分别等质量替代基础日粮中2%鱼粉和2%植物蛋白原料(1.0%豆粕+0.5%菜粕+0.5%棉粕),考察蛋白肽对(48.56±1.39)g建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.Jian)生长性能、血清及肠道相关酶活的影响。结果表明:蛋白肽替代鱼粉或植物蛋白后试验组增重率和特定生长率均显著性高于对照组(P<0.05),同时饵料系数显著降低(P<0.05);蛋白肽可降低脏体比和肝体比,并显著性提高鱼体粗蛋白含量(P<0.05);同时可提高试验组建鲤血清溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶和肠道中蛋白酶的活性。     

彩鲫与建鲤杂交 F1代形态特征研究

采用全红体色日本彩鲫（ Carassius auratus）与青灰色建鲤（ Cyprinus carpiovar Jian）杂交,对所获得鲤鲫F1（建鲤♀×彩鲫♂）和鲫鲤F1（彩鲫♀×建鲤♂）两个杂交群体的个体及其父母本的外形特征进行研究,从而了解建鲤与彩鲫正反交后代的形态特征。试验分别从大学实验室随机取样50尾,对体型指数、可量性状、可数性状和肥满度分析比较。在体型指数体长/全长中,鲫鲤F1偏向母本,而在体高/体长中,鲤鲫 F1偏向母本;头高/体高、头高/头长、尾柄长/尾柄高都偏向建鲤,头长/体长这一体型指数处于亲本之间,属于杂交性状。进而推测生长性能出现离散现象,控制体色的基因来自母本。     

建鲤和黑龙江野鲤自交以及正反交子代生长比较

以建鲤和黑龙江野鲤为亲本,建立黑龙江野鲤自交群体(HH)、建鲤自交群体(JJ)、黑龙江野鲤♀×建鲤♂群体(HJ)以及建鲤♀×黑龙江野鲤♂群体(JH)。于养殖198 d和588 d时测量体重、体长、体高和体厚4个生长参数。对生长性状、增重率、肥满度以及生长指数进行方差分析和LSD多重比较。结果表明,不同交配组合在这些指标上均有极显著差异(P0.01)。养殖198 d和588 d时,4个群体体重和体长大小顺序均为JHHHHJJJ。4个群体的绝对增重率和特定增重率均随养殖时间而减小。4个群体中,HJ在不同养殖时间内,特定增重率均为最大,JJ群体均为最小;而JH在不同养殖时间内,绝对增重率均为最大,198 d时JJ群体最小,588 d时HH群体最小,说明杂种群体生长性能优于自交群体。在不同的养殖时间内,JJ群体的肥满度均大于其他群体,随养殖时间增加,HH、JJ及HJ群体肥满度不断增大,而JH群体恰恰相反。4个群体的生长指数随养殖时间而增大,并均以JH群体生长指数最大。杂种优势分析表明,HJ群体体型介于黑龙江野鲤和建鲤中间,并随着养殖时间的增加,体型逐渐接近黑龙江野鲤。JH群体在养殖第588天时体高和体厚超黑龙江野鲤杂种优势出现了负值,其余数值均为正值,表现出显著的杂种优势。不同养殖时间,4个群体588 d与198 d体重间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P0.01),JH群体558 d体长和198 d体长、558 d体高和198 d体高;HH群体558 d体厚和198 d体厚间的相关系数也达到了极显著水平(P0.01)。     

Dietary pyridoxine requirement of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

In a 80-day feeding trial, a total of 1050 juvenile Jian carp ( Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) with an average initial weight of 10.71 ± 0.05 g were fed semi-purified diets containing seven graded levels of pyridoxine (0.20, 1.71, 3.23, 4.96, 6.32, 8.58 and 12.39 mg pyridoxine kg⁻¹ diet). Results indicated that with increasing dietary pyridoxine levels up to 4.96 mg kg⁻¹ diet, percent weight gain (PWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were improved, and no differences were found with further increase of pyridoxine levels. Feed intake also followed the similar pattern to that observed with PWG and SGR when dietary pyridoxine levels were ≤6.32 mg kg⁻¹ diet. But feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were not affected by pyridoxine levels. Crude protein of carcass, productive protein value and plasma ammonia concentration were improved with increasing dietary pyridoxine levels up to 4.96 mg kg⁻¹ diet. Amylase activities in the intestine were improved with increasing dietary pyridoxine levels up to 4.96 mg kg⁻¹ diet, but protease and lipase activities in the intestine were not affected by pyridoxine levels. Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase and Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities in proximal intestine, mid intestine (MI) and distal intestine (DI) were lowest when fed the diet containing 1.71 mg pyridoxine kg⁻¹ diet. The alkaline phosphatase activities in MI and DI followed the same pattern. The dietary pyridoxine requirement of juvenile Jian carp based on PWG estimated by broken line model was 6.07 mg pyridoxine kg⁻¹ diet.     

Effect of dietary pantothenic acid supplement on growth, body composition and intestinal enzyme activities of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

A 9-week feeding trial was carried out with juvenile Jian carp to study the effect of dietary pantothenic acid (PA) on growth, body composition and intestinal enzyme activities. Semi-purified diets with seven levels (4.0, 15.5, 25.6, 36.1, 45.9, 56.1 and 65.9 mg PA kg⁻¹) of supplemental calcium d -pantothenate were fed to Jian carp (13.0 ± 0.0 g). PA improved specific growth rate (SGR), protein productive value (PPV), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and lipid production value (LPV) ( P <  0.05). Fish fed the control diet had significantly lower feed efficiency (FE) than that in any other group ( P <  0.05). Body protein content increased with increasing PA levels ( P <  0.05), but moisture, lipid and ash of fish carcasses were negatively related to the graded PA levels ( P <  0.05). Intestine protein content (IPC), hepatopancreas protein content (HPC) and activity of α-amylase, lipase, trypsin, Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) were all positively affected by the dietary PA levels ( P <  0.05), while intestine index (ISI) and hepatopancreas index (HSI) decreased with the increment of supplemental levels of PA ( P <  0.05). These results suggested that PA could enhance fish growth and intestinal enzyme activities. The dietary PA requirement of juvenile Jian carp, Cyprinus carpio var . Jian (13.0–73.0 g), for optimal growth estimated by the broken-line analysis was 23.0 mg PA kg⁻¹ diet.     

猪苓多糖对四氯化碳诱导的建鲤肝细胞损伤中生化指标及CYP3A表达的影响

采用胰酶消化法分离原代建鲤肝细胞并进行培养,用四氯化碳(CCl4)构建建鲤肝细胞损伤模型,以3种不同浓度的猪苓多糖进行干预,检测肝细胞培养液中丙氨酸转氨酶(GPT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(GOT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量及肝细胞存活率;收集肝细胞进行RNA提取,并用RT-PCR法测定CYP3A基因表达情况。结果表明:以前处理组中质量浓度为0.8mg/mL的猪苓多糖效果最好,与CCl4组相比,显著降低了GOT、GPT、MDA在肝细胞中的释放;极显著降低了LDH在肝细胞中的释放;显著升高了肝细胞中SOD活性值;显著提高了肝细胞的存活率;显著诱导了CYP3A mRNA的表达。这说明猪苓多糖能有效抑制CCl4所造成的建鲤肝细胞损伤。     

饲料中添加维生素E对不同养殖密度鲤鱼生产性能的影响

以建鲤为研究对象,采用2×3双因子试验设计,在基础饲料中分别添加0、62.5、187.5mg/kg维生素E,分别在两个养殖密度(15g/L和60g/L)下进行饲喂,探讨饲料中添加不同水平维生素E对不同养殖密度鲤鱼生产性能的影响。试验期为8周。结果表明:(1)养殖密度对鲤鱼的生长、摄食率和重量变异系数具有显著影响(P0.05)。高密度各组的特定生长率和摄食率均显著低于低密度组(P0.05),但是高密度组重量变异系数显著高于低密度组(P0.05)。(2)维生素E显著影响特定生长率(P0.05),对摄食率和重量变异系数无显著影响(P0.05)。同一养殖密度下,维生素E对低密度各组的生长无显著影响(P0.05);在高密度下,维生素E组的生长显著高于对照组。(3)维生素E和养殖密度的交互作用对鲤鱼的生长、饲料系数和重量变异系数影响显著(P0.05)。可见,在本试验条件下,随着鲤鱼养殖密度的增加,应适当增加维生素E的添加量来调控其摄食,进而促进生长和降低个体分化。     

“互联网+”时代健身产业运营模式探索及启示*

为深入贯彻《国务院关于加快发展体育产业促进体育消费的若干意见》精神,采用文献资料、访谈、实地考察、调查问卷等研究方法,以我国大型商业连锁健身产业知名品牌的力美健连锁健身俱乐为个案,对其发展现状和“互联网+”的营销模式进行了探析。研究结果表明：其主要模式有互联网+微信公众号营销模式、互联网+口碑营销模式、互联网+关系营销模式和互联网+广告营销模式等,力美健健身俱乐部的这些营销模式为促进我国体育健身产业的健康、稳定和可持续发展具有重要借鉴意义。     

池塘和稻田养殖模式对金边鲤和建鲤肌肉品质的影响

分析了稻田和池塘养殖模式下金边鲤和建鲤肌肉营养成分、理化特性和质构特性,并进行营养价值评价,评估金边鲤的肌肉品质,为开发和推广金边鲤稻田养殖提供数据依据。结果显示,稻田金边鲤的粗脂肪、粗灰分和系水力均显著高于池塘金边鲤;稻田建鲤和池塘建鲤的基本营养成分除水分外差异均不显著;稻田金边鲤肌肉的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性显著高于池塘建鲤和稻田建鲤,硬度和恢复性显著高于池塘金边鲤,而内聚性显著低于池塘金边鲤、池塘建鲤和稻田建鲤;测定的17种氨基酸中,4组鱼肉的Lys含量均高于WHO/FAO标准和鸡蛋蛋白标准,稻田金边鲤的∑TAA、∑EAA、∑DAA和∑NEAA均高于池塘建鲤和稻田建鲤,且EAA/TAA比值更接近FAO/WHO要求的40%的标准;稻田和池塘金边鲤的EAAI均超过100分,高于稻田和池塘建鲤(82.31～83.36分);测定出的24种脂肪酸中,稻田金边鲤的∑SFA、∑MUFA和DHA+LA+油酸总量均高于其他3组。研究表明,金边鲤和建鲤鱼肉可作为人体优质的赖氨酸源,稻田金边鲤肌肉比建鲤和池塘金边鲤肌肉更富有嚼劲,其肌肉必需氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸及高度不饱和脂肪酸含量更高,且组成比例更符合人体需求。稻田养殖金边鲤的肌肉品质优势明显,具有较高的产业开发潜力。