维生素C对建鲤肠上皮细胞氧化损伤保护作用的研究

建鲤肠上皮细胞( IEC)在24孔培养板中原代培养72 h并更换无血清DMEM培养液继续培养12 h后,随机分为7组,每组4个重复.除其中1组作为空白对照外,另外6组均加入100 μmol/L的过氧化氢(H2O2)以建立IEC氧化应激模型.相同条件下继续培养16 h后,将培养液分别更换为含0(空白对照组)、0、4、10、16、22和28 mg/L维生素C的无血清DMEM培养液,相同条件下继续培养72 h后取样测定指标,以考察不同维生素C浓度对H2O2诱导的建鲤IEC氧化损伤的保护作用.结果显示:1)100 μmol/L H2O2处理导致IEC存活数量减少,仅形成一些小细胞集落,并显著降低IEC中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性以及谷胱甘肽和蛋白质含量(P＜0.05),提高IEC中丙二醛及蛋白质羰基含量以及培养液中乳酸脱氢酶活性(P＜0.05),使建鲤IEC产生了氧化应激;2)维生素C显著提高IEC的抗羟自由基能力和抗超氧阴离子自由基能力(P＜0.05),缓解由H2O2导致的建鲤IEC氧化损伤.综上可见,维生素C可提高建鲤IEC抗氧化能力,有效保护IEC免受氧化损伤.     

高水平维生素E对幼建鲤生长性能和消化吸收功能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中高水平维生素E对幼建鲤生长性能和消化吸收功能的影响.选用l 200尾平均体重(9.46±0.03)g的幼建鲤,随机分为8组,每组3个重复,每重复50尾鱼,分别饲喂维生素E水平为7、107、757、1 007、l 257、l 507、l 757和2 007 mg/kg的试验饲料,试验期60 d.结果表...     

脱脂蚕蛹替代饲料中鱼粉对建鲤生长性能、体成分及健康状况的影响

本试验旨在研究脱脂蚕蛹替代饲料中鱼粉对建鲤生长性能、体成分及健康状况的影响,并对75％替代后添加晶体赖氨酸的效果进行研究.试验配制5种等氮(粗蛋白质36.8％)等能(粗脂肪5.5％)饲料,即含10％鱼粉的基础饲料(DSP0),脱脂蚕蛹分别替代基础饲料中25％、50％和75％鱼粉的3种饲料(DSP25、DSP50和DSP75)以及在75％替代基础上添加0.7％的晶体赖氨酸的饲料(DSP75-Lys).将270尾平均体重为(15.30±2.97)g的建鲤幼鱼随机分为5组,每个组3个重复,每个重复18尾鱼.试验期为56 d.结果表明:直接替代组(DSP0、DSP25、DSP50、DSP75组)的末重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、摄食量(FI)和蛋白质效率(PER)均随替代水平的升高逐渐下降,其中DSP75组的FBW显著低于DSP0组(P＜0.05),WGR、SGR和PER显著低于DSP0和DSP25组(P＜0.05);直接替代组的饲料系数(FCR)随替代水平的升高而逐渐升高,且DSP75组显著高于DSP0和DSP25组(P＜0.05);直接替代组的肥满度(CF)和腹腔脂肪指数(IFI)均随替代水平的升高先降低后升高,且DSP75组显著高于DSP25组(P＜0.05);直接替代组的比肠长(RGL)随替代水平的升高逐渐升高,且DSP75组显著高于DSP0组(P＜0.05).直接替代组的全鱼粗蛋白质、水分及肌肉各氨基酸含量组间无显著差异(P＞0.05),但DSP75组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著高于DSP0组(P＜0.05),全鱼粗灰分含量显著低于DSP0组(P＜0.05).直接替代组的血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性随替代水平的升高逐渐升高,且DSP75组显著高于DSP0、DSP25和DSP50组(P＜0.05);直接替代组的血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量随替代水平的升高逐渐降低,且DSP50和DSP75组显著低于DSP0组(P＜0.05);直接替代组的肝胰脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性随替代水平的升高逐渐降低,且DSP75组显著低于DSP0和DSP25组(P＜0.05);随替代水平的升高,血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和胆固醇(CHOL)含量逐渐降低,肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐升高,但各直接替代组之间无显著差异(P＞0.05).添加晶体赖氨酸后,试验鱼各指标均有所改善,且鱼体粗蛋白质含量还显著高于DSP0组(P＜0.05),但转氨酶活性及抗氧化指标仍与DSP75组无显著差异(P＞0.05).本试验条件下,综合考虑生长性能、体成分及健康状况指标,脱脂蚕蛹可替代建鲤饲料中50％以下的鱼粉,同时添加晶体赖氨酸可提高鱼体的蛋白质沉积水平.     

建瓯下坑红菇自然保护区红菇适生环境的调查

建瓯下坑红菇自然保护区内的红菇,根据其形态特征可归为正红菇、大红菇和红菇3类,主要与栲树、米槠、拉氏栲和南岭栲等树木形成菌根,每年有2次盛产期,采收期约20d。土壤富含腐殖质,疏松通气,保水性好且含水量在40％以上,空气湿度达80％-100％,气温为25-27℃是野外红菇子实体发生的必要条件。     

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of dietary Angelica sinensis extract against carbon tetrachloride‐induced hepatic injury in Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

The present study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Angelica sinensis extract (ASE) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)‐induced hepatotoxicity in Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var.Jian). Fish were fed diets containing four doses of ASE (0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0%) for 60 days, and then given an intraperitoneal injection of 30% CCl₄ in olive oil at a volume of 0.05 mL/10 g body weight. At 72 h post injection, blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical analysis, comet assay, histopathological examination and CYP3A mRNA expression. Results showed that the increases of glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate oxalate transaminase (GOT) induced by CCl₄ were significantly inhibited by pre‐treating the fish with 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% ASE in the diets. The elevation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the reductions of the total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb) in the serum induced by CCl₄ were also inhibited by pre‐treatments with 0.5 and 1.0% ASE. In the liver tissue, pre‐treatment with 1.0% ASE significantly inhibited the malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and the reductions of the total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and CYP3A mRNA expression induced by CCl₄. Comet assay showed that tail moment, olive tail moment, tail length and tail DNA% were positively changed in fish pretreated with 0.5 and 1.0% ASE. CCl₄‐induced histological changes were obviously reduced by 0.5% and 1.0% ASE. Overall results prove the hepatoprotective effect of ASE in a dose‐dependent manner and support the use of ASE (1.0%) as a hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent in fish.     

茶书《煎茶诀》的考订

《煎茶诀》是我国清代叶隽撰写的一本茶书。此书在我国无传,现在仅日本少数图书馆存有日刻宽政重刻宝历和明治两个版本。最早的宝历本也不是叶隽原著,而是由日僧"蕉中"擅行添加的增补本。明治本由当时旅日华人王治本作序,日人小田诚一郎"训点",他们在重印时删除了蕉中增补的内容,却又添进了"采录"屠隆《考盘余事》七则茶事。鉴于《煎茶诀》中存在的问题,本文对日存两个版本进行查对、考订和整理,旨在将混杂于《煎茶诀》中的附加成分,与原著区分清楚,做到正本清源。     

阴山北麓农牧交错带景观生态设计——以察右后旗为例

从地处农牧交错带的察右后旗景观生态条件及资源状况着手,在基于土壤类型单元的土地农业适宜性综合评价的基础上,以最佳经济效益为目标,设计出一个生态治理与资源开发并举的,林草田复合的生态经济系统。     

The effects of methionine‐enriched Artemia nauplii on growth,amino acid profiles,absorption enzyme activity and antioxidant capability of common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) larvae

The effects of methionine‐enriched Artemia nauplii on growth, amino acid profiles and activity of absorption enzymes and antioxidant capability of common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) larvae were investigated in this study. The newly hatched Artemia nauplii enriched with methionine at four levels (0, 400, 800, 1,600 mg/L) for 16 hr was used as live food for common carp larvae for 21 days. The results demonstrated that the level of methionine in nauplii enriched with methionine increased significantly as the level of supplemental methionine rose (p < 0.05). The specific growth rate (SGR) and body length growth rate (BLGR) values in all experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05) in the trial period. With the supplement of methionine, the amino acid profiles vary depending on the type of amino acid and/or the level of methionine applied. Further examination revealed that the activity of absorption enzymes in the 800 and 1,600 mg/L groups were all significantly higher compared to the other two groups (p < 0.05). Similar results on the antioxidant capability of fish larvae were also observed among the treatments. The changes in these physiological factors allowed for the control of the content of supplemental methionine in Artemia nauplii for larvae and potentially the ability to improve the growth performance of common carp larvae.     

汝城白毛茶与两广主要“白毛茶”居群亲缘关系的RAPD分析

应用RAPD分子标记技术分析了汝城白毛茶、凌云白毛茶、阳春白毛茶、乐昌白毛茶、仁化白毛茶和曲江白毛茶的亲缘关系。结果表明,供试引物扩增平均表现的多态性为75.00%;6个居群间的遗传距离以乐昌白毛茶和仁化白毛茶之间的遗传距离最小(0.1914),凌云白毛茶与曲江白毛茶之间的遗传距离最大(0.4712),汝城白毛茶与两广主要“白毛茶”居群之间的遗传距离从大到小排列,依次是乐昌白毛茶(0.4605)、曲江白毛茶(0.4406)、仁化白毛茶(0.4232)、凌云白毛茶(0.2968)和阳春白毛茶(0.2665)     

张謇与民国初年的中国农业变革

1913～1915年,张謇在担任民国政府农商总长期间,在农业领域采取了许多发展农业生产的有力措施,如兴修水利、观测气象、培育良种、植树造林、保护生态环境等。尤其是他大胆引进外资、鼓励土地规模化经营的做法已经具有了改革农业生产关系的性质。这些措施是张謇试图把中国传统农业引向世界近代农业的重要尝试,并且取得了一定的成效。它在中国的农业发展史上具有十分重要的地位。