香菇木扦原种生产工艺与应用研究

选择材质较硬的木扦制作的香菇木扦原种，生产的栽培种满袋时间仅需锯末种的一半，降低了后期感染的机率，成活率高，满袋后菌丝活力旺盛，无老化现象，延长了保藏时间。     

Burial rates of surrogate seeds in arable fields

The probability of seed consumption by surface-dwelling predators depends on the duration of seed exposure on the soil surface. We investigated seed burial using painted ceramic beads as surrogate seeds. Fifty beads of three size classes each were applied to small arenas within crop fields and their fates were followed from August to October. New sets of beads were applied as soon as most beads had disappeared from the soil surface. Bead availability on the soil surface declined immediately after placement, and then declined steadily over time, with increased loss during rain and management practices. Smaller beads were incorporated into the soil/litter matrix more easily than larger beads. Bead burial differed considerably among crop environments, with more burial in forage crops (red clover, lucerne) than in row crops (soyabean, maize). The fact that seed availability differed among crop environments suggests that it can be manipulated to maximise predation risk.     

2BXJF-12型小麦播种机的设计及性能测试研究

在谷物条播机进行播种过程中，由于外槽轮排种器排种脉动性的缺陷，造成缺苗断垄或“疙瘩苗”的现象较为严重。在现有条播机的基础上进行了改进，设计了一种落种均匀器，大大提高了播种均匀性；并改进了镇压轮,降低了打滑率。     

Which model species for weed seedbank and emergence studies? A review

Models predicting the effects of cropping systems on weed demography are important tools for testing new rules for integrated weed management that may reduce the use of herbicides and preserve the biodiversity of agro-ecosystems. Such models already exist for a few species and should now be extended to a larger flora, in order to predict and understand the effects of agricultural practices on the evolution of weed communities. This review analysed the literature from 1973 to 2006, focusing on 45 species, to identify past reasons for choosing particular species when modelling the effects of cropping systems on the processes leading to seedling emergence. The frequency or harmfulness of the species were the main reason for studying them. It appears that the studied species were mainly autumn-emerging in north-western Europe cropping systems and summer-emerging in North America; the effects of deep soil tillage were studied mainly in Europe, as simplified sowing techniques are more often practised in North America. A voluminous literature exists on seed persistence in the soil, dormancy, germination and emergence, but rarely with the attempt of establishing generic relationships between species characteristics and model parameters. Until now, such an approach has been mostly developed in ecological studies. Taxa, as well as ecological preferences, seed size and the relationships of these characteristics with weed emergence model parameters should be considered when selecting a range of species for multi-specific modelling purposes.     

高压静电场分离油菜,芝麻及湿地松种子对萌发期电导率的影响

种子在萌发期的电导率值是用来间接说明其膜系统完整程度的一项重要指标，也是衡量种子活力强度的性能指标之一，研究结果证实，采用高压静电场场效应分离芝麻、油菜及湿地松种子，落入理想分离区的种子其电导率改善值在６％～２３％，且种子的电导率值与沿电场方向的位移存在着贴切的相关规律。     

盐碱、温度及其互作对丹参种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza)是我国传统药用植物,本研究以丹参种子为试验材料,研究了两种变温(18℃/28℃和28℃/38℃)条件下,4种浓度(6.25、12.5、25、50 mmol·L-1)盐溶液和4种浓度(3.125、6.25、12.5、25 mmol·L-1)碱溶液对丹参种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:盐碱、温度及其互作对丹参种子萌发及幼苗生长均有显著影响(P<0.05).18℃/28℃处理下的丹参种子萌发和幼苗生长状况均显著优于28℃/38℃处理(P<0.05).在18℃/28℃条件下,6.25 mmol·L-1盐溶液对丹参种子萌发有促进作用,其发芽率和发芽指数显著高于清水对照(P<0.05),相对盐害率显著低于清水对照(P<0.05),12.5 mmol·L-1盐溶液和3.125 mmol·L-1碱溶液对丹参种子发芽率、发芽指数和相对盐害率无显著影响(P>0.05),25和50 mmol·L-1盐溶液以及6.25、12.5和25 mmol·L-1碱溶液胁迫处理均显著降低丹参种子发芽率和发芽指数(P<0.05),增加相对盐害率(P<0.05);28℃/38℃条件下,6.25和12.5 mmol·L-1盐溶液以及3.125和6.25 mmol·L-1碱溶液胁迫对丹参种子发芽率、发芽势和相对盐害率无显著影响(P>0.05),25、50 mmol·L-1盐溶液和12.5、25.0 mmol·L-1碱溶液均显著降低丹参种子发芽率和发芽指数(P<0.05),增加相对盐害率(P<0.05).盐胁迫和碱胁迫处理均显著抑制丹参苗长生长(P<0.05);两种变温条件下,6.25、12.5 mmol·L-1盐溶液和3.125 mmol·L-1碱溶液对丹参幼苗叶长生长无显著影响(P>0.05),25、50 mmol·L-1盐溶液以及6.25、12.5和25 mmol·L-1碱溶液均显著抑制叶长生长(P<0.05);18℃/28℃下6.25 mmol·L-1盐溶液对幼苗叶宽生长有促进作用,除28℃/38℃下6.25 mmol·L-1盐溶液和3.125 mmol·L-1碱溶液对叶宽生长无显著影响(P>0.05)外,其余盐碱胁迫处理均显著抑制叶宽生长(P<0.05).综上,盐碱、温度及其交互作用显著影响丹参种子萌发和幼苗生长,低温条件下盐碱对丹参种子的影响相对较小;丹参种子萌发和幼苗生长对碱胁迫更为敏感;建议丹参种子盐碱育苗时应选择盐碱度较低的土地,适宜在18℃/28℃较低温度时进行育苗.     

黑种草子提取物对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的修复作用及机制研究

【目的】验证黑种草子提取物对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的修复作用并探究其机制,为其临床开发研究提供理论依据。【方法】将56只3周龄昆明小鼠随机均分为7组：空白对照组,模型组,黑种草子提取物高、中、低剂量组,黑种草子粉剂组及水飞蓟宾阳性对照组,每组8只。除空白对照组外,其余各组均以10 mL/kg 60%酒精灌胃,每天1次,连续15 d。第16天,黑种草子提取物高、中、低剂量组分别给予8、4、2 mL/kg黑种草子提取物,每天1次,连续10 d后处死小鼠。计算各组小鼠肝脏指数;检测血清中谷丙转氨酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）、谷草转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）活力;制备肝脏石蜡切片观察其病理变化;Western blotting检测NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3（NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3）、含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶1（cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1,Caspase-1）和白细胞介素1β（interleukin-1β,IL-1β）的蛋白表达水平。【结果】与空白对照组相比,模型组小鼠肝脏指数显著上升（P<0.05）,肝细胞出现明显颗粒变性,水泡变性,核溶解,界限区分不清,肝索消失;血清ALT、AST活力显著上升（P<0.05）,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力显著下降（P<0.05）,说明肝损伤模型建立成功,且肝脏组织中NLRP3、Caspase-1和IL-1β蛋白表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）。与模型组相比,黑种草子提取物各剂量组血清ALT、AST活力均呈下降趋势,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力均呈上升趋势,其中高剂量组上述各指标均呈显著差异（P<0.05）,肝脏组织结构明显改善,NLRP3、Caspase-1和IL-1β蛋白表达水平均显著下降（P<0.05）。【结论】高剂量（8 mL/kg）黑种草子提取物可显著提高肝损伤小鼠的抗氧化水平,且可以通过抑制NLRP3炎性小体的表达而减少IL-1β的合成,从而改善肝脏功能和修复受损的肝脏组织结构。     

斑马水塔花的组织培养和快速繁殖

试验筛选出斑马水塔花的诱导愈伤组织培养基MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1+NAA0.2mg·L-1，愈伤组织诱导率达96.7%；继代增殖培养基MS+6-BA2.0mg·L-1+NAA0.2mg·L-1，增殖倍数达8～9倍；生根培养基MS+KT 0.5mg·L-1+NAA0.5mg·L-1，生根率达100%。幼苗经炼苗后，移栽到经菌肥处理的甘蔗渣∶泥炭土∶珍珠岩＝6∶3∶1的基质上，成活率达95%以上。     

栗果霉烂机理及防治

为探讨栗果贮藏、运输期间的霉烂机理，通过大量调查研究，提出了影响栗果霉烂的主要原因及防治方法，为提高栗果的质量和保鲜度提供科学的理论依据。     

浅谈用种质量对飞播造林成苗的影响

飞播造林是延安绿化的主要手段之一。本文对延安市南部飞播区造林用种质量对出苗效果的影响进行了调查分析,初步了解了种子质量与成苗之间的关系,对今后在延安地区开展飞播造林工作具有较强的指导作用。