沿海甜菜(Beta maritima L.)高频率丛生芽诱导和植株再生

选用沿海甜菜(Beta maritima L．)幼嫩花序项端为试验材料，建立了一个快速高效的离体培养体系。在附加1mg／L 6-BA的MS培养基上培养6周可诱导出丛生芽，诱导率达90％左右。丛生芽在适宜培养基上可快速扩增和长期继代培养。在附加1mg／L NAA的MS培养基上诱导小苗生根，生根率可达90％。再生植株经炼苗后移栽成活率为70％-80％。     

Contributions of short- and long-shoots to yield of ‘Kerman’ pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)

The canopy of a mature ‘Kerman’ pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) tree is composed of two types of shoots: short-shoots composed entirely of preformed nodes, and long-shoots composed of both preformed and neoformed nodes. Since the production of these two types of shoots is known to be related to rootstock and rootstock influences yield of pistachio the relationship of these two types of shoots to yield was investigated during two cropping years. Individual short-shoots produced significantly less yield and had fewer fruit clusters per shoot compared with long-shoots, but collectively produced 55–60% of the total yield. Long-shoots positively affected yield components in one year, but had no effect in the other year. Whether the differences in the one year were due to canopy position and light interception or differences in the carbohydrate allocation within the two types of shoots could not be determined from the current data. Long-shoots initiated more inflorescence buds, although inflorescence bud formation was restricted to the preformed growth and only the 3–4 earliest neoformed nodes. However, when expressed as a percentage, long-shoots retained a lower percentage of initiated inflorescence buds, compared with short-shoots. Regardless of shoot type, less than half of the retained inflorescence buds produced mature fruit clusters. Thus, inflorescence bud retention, a previously hypothesized mechanism of pistachio alternate bearing, may not be the primary limiting factor to yield in pistachio.     

唐菖蒲花序发育特性的研究

唐菖蒲６个切花品种花序生长发育与叶数的增加呈特定的关系,在２～３叶期花序分化开始后,首先是小花数迅速增加,至５叶期停止增加,而花茎开始迅速伸长生长,单个小花生长发育加快,同时已分化的小花从花序顶端开始发生不同程度的败育,导致切花的每穗花数降低。     

油菜素内酯对青花菜花序分化、光合特性及花球品质的影响

研究了油菜素内酯(BR)3种浓度(0.001、0.01、0.1mg·L-1)处理对青花菜花序分化、光合特性、叶绿素含量以及花球品质的影响。结果表明,3种浓度BR处理均可促进花序分化;0.001mg·L-1BR处理能提高青花菜叶片叶绿素含量,促进植株的光合作用;0.001、0.01mg·L-1BR处理可显著增加青花菜花球干物质的积累,0.1mg·L-1BR处理可明显提高花球总糖含量,但3种浓度BR处理均显著地降低了花球VC和蛋白质含量。     

不同生态环境下一串红的结实规律

[目的]探索各生态环境下一串红单花序结实的构成及其各构成要素对结实的贡献,为确定不同生态环境下的最佳采种时间提供依据。[方法]以一串红皇帝系列品种为试材,将其分别定植于大棚、露地、阴棚、地膜覆盖4种生态环境．测定初花后不同时间主花、侧花及单花序的结实量。[结果]研究表明,露地、塑料大棚、地膜覆盖和阴棚采种的最佳时间分别为始花后15、25、25、30d以上。[结论]各生态环境下一串红主花、侧花和单花序表现出不同的结实规律,其中地膜覆盖是种子生产的最佳方法。     

越橘品种的成花规律及防寒措施研究

[目的]研究越橘品种在北京地区的成花和防寒措施,为越橘品种的引进提供依据。[方法]采用观测法研究3种越橘品种,即蓝丰、北陆和达柔的花芽、单花以及枝条的成花规律,并进行防寒越冬试验。[结果]3种越橘品种花芽膨大直径不同,完成膨大所需的时间也不同,蓝丰最短,达柔最长,北陆居中。花芽形成的时间以达柔品种最早。北陆品种花芽的数量最多,单花开放时间也最早。此外,同一越橘品种不同类型枝条形成花芽的数量也存在差异,细枝成花能力最强。3种越橘的抗寒能力依次为：北陆、蓝丰和达柔。使用小拱棚覆塑料薄膜可有效保护越橘安全越冬。[结论]不同越橘品种的成花规律存在明显差异,盖膜处理可使越橘安全越冬。     

万寿菊的组织培养和瓶苗开花研究

对矮生杂交万寿菊组织培养研究表明：带1个腋芽的无菌苗茎段在MS＋0．05mg／LNAA＋0.2mg／LBA培养基上35d均可诱导出芽,芽诱导率达100％;继代培养时,MS＋0．1mg／LBA是万寿菊较适宜的增殖培养基,平均增殖系数可达10．7,生根率为100％。将带有2个腋芽和1个顶芽的茎段接种到MS＋0.05mg／LBA＋0.4mg／LPP。培养基上,20d后,就能长成1株有根、茎、叶和花蕾、花朵的完整植株。     

根域加温对促成栽培绯红葡萄生长发育的影响

连续2年以“Y”形整枝的2年生葡萄绯红(VitisviniferaL.cv.Cardinal)品种为试材,在超早促成栽培的早期进行根域土壤加温处理,探讨其对根域土壤温度、树体发育和果实品质的影响。结果表明,根域加温提高促成栽培早期土壤温度约10℃,各物候期均早于未加温处理2～5d,新梢生长好,叶面积大;花穗发育好,单株果穗数显著增加;果汁含糖量和果皮花青素含量增加,可滴定酸降低,果实品质提高;果粒重量、果穗重量和单株产量均显著高于未加温处理。并就根域加温效果的形成机理进行了探讨。     

槟榔花果中槟榔碱含量的时空变化

采用药典法对槟榔不同发育时期花序材料的不同部位进行槟榔碱含量检测。结果表明:成熟种果胚乳的槟榔碱含量最高,而果皮的含量最低;不同时期花序/果穗的相同部位间槟榔碱含量存在显著差异,同一时期花序/果穗的不同部位间不存在显著差异。     

Effect of exogenous application of free polyamines on physiological disorders and yield of ‘Kaleh-Ghoochi’ pistachio shoots (Pistacia vera L.)

Pistachio trees exhibit some physiological disorders such as abscission of inflorescence buds, fruit abscission, the production of blank, non-split, early-split and deformed nuts. Since the occurrence of these disorders is closely related to the yield, the effect of free polyamine treatments on these disorders and the yield was investigated in two consecutive years (“on” and “off” years). Free polyamine treatments were applied one week before and also two weeks after full bloom. Results showed that Spermine (Spm), unlike Putrescine (Put), decreased the physiological disorders of pistachio and also increased the yield. Free polyamine treatments did not affect the percentage of early-split nuts. Spermidine (Spd) decreased the percentage of both fruit abscission and deformed nuts but did not affect the yield. In both the “on” and “off” years the effect of Spm and Spd was greatly dependent on both the time of application and the concentrations used. Results of free polyamine analysis showed that exogenous application of these compounds, especially two weeks after full bloom, increased the free polyamine contents of shoots in both “on” and “off” years confirming the absorption of free polyamines via spray application in pistachio crop. Exogenous application of Spm two weeks after full bloom decreased the abscission of inflorescence buds in “on” year supporting the idea that free polyamines could trigger the abscission process of inflorescence buds. Since Spm decreased the percentage of blank, non-split and deformed nuts, it seems that Spm dominantly plays a key role in the growth and development of pistachio nuts.