水产动物6种主要病原菌与抗血清的免疫交叉反应

采用ELISA、试管凝集、Western-blot等方法,分析了鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)、哈维氏弧菌(V. harveyi)、溶藻胶弧菌(V. alginolyticus)、副溶血弧菌(V. paraheamolyticus)、迟钝爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)和荧光假单胞菌(Psedomonas fluorescens)等水产养殖中主要病原细菌与抗血清之间的免疫交叉反应.结果表明,弧菌属细菌之间的交叉反应程度比较大,而与其他两属的细菌之间存在的交叉反应程度小,或不存在交叉反应;Western-blot分析结果显示,哈维氏弧菌、溶藻胶弧菌和副溶血弧菌抗血清分别与其他3种弧菌在分子量为135.6 kD和121.5 kD;95.6 kD,48.4 kD,39.2 kD和34.9 kD;55.1 kD的蛋白带处存在交叉反应,而这些分子量的蛋白带与其他两属的抗血清均不发生反应.     

浅谈水稻超高产育种的现状与前景

简要回顾了水稻超高产育种的历史进程,指出了提高单产是增加粮食产量的根本。结合我国水稻超高产育种经典理论内容与实践,分析了水稻超高产育种的现状,提出了通过籼粳稻杂交、光敏核不育和广亲和基因等途径实现水稻超高产育种的方法。     

多品种（系）试验中简化广义格子设计的探讨

根据多品种（系）田间试验的特点，在Ｐａｔｔｅｒｓｏｎ等广义格子设计基础上提出简化广义格子设计（简称ＳＧＬ设计）。ＳＧＬ设计基于格子设计的正交性原理，对于可用区组容量整除的任何供试品种数、２－４次重复，均可构成不完全区组设计。且构成方法简便，设计效率因子高，具有可解析性，连通性，ＳＧＬ设计的参数采用修饰极大似然法估计。     

杂交肉牛不同年龄,营养水平的肥育效果研究

利用利木赞与本地牛杂交一代7～8月龄公犊12头，10～11月龄公牛12头，供给日增重0．9千克，1．2千克和1．5千克营养水平的日粮，经120天肥育，结果表明：7～8月龄和10～11月龄高营养水平组平均日增重分别为1．274±0．06千克和1．340±0．15千克；7～8月龄组对不同营养水平敏感，各组间差异极显著（P＜0．01）；产肉性能以高营养水平组最好，屠宰率62．4％，净肉率52．98％，眼肌面积91平方厘米。     

Serological Evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi Infection Associated with Clinical Signs in Dairy Cattle in Slovakia

In the course of epizootological research on Lyme borreliosis in domestic and farm animals, the serological evidence for the occurrence of this zoonosis in cattle was screened. An ELISA showed that 25.2% of cattle from seven geographical areas in Slovakia were positive for anti-Borrelia IgG antibodies. In particular localities, the seroprevalence ranged from 0.6% to 34.3%. Of 33 cases with clinical signs, 20 ELISA-positive samples were also confirmed in Western blots. The most frequent clinical signs were lameness and swollen joints, but most of the cases were asymptomatic. The occurrence of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies and suspected clinical signs in cattle of Slovak regions indicates that veterinarians should pay attention to this disease in their clinical practice and include it within the differential diagnosis.     

New developments in insecticide resistance in the glasshouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) in the UK

A recent survey of insecticide resistance in two of the most problematic pests in UK glasshouses revealed some new developments. At least some individuals in all UK samples of Trialeurodes vaporariorum that were tested resisted the insect growth regulator (IGR) buprofezin. The most strongly resistant strains were unaffected by the field application rate of this compound, and even samples from populations that had never been exposed to buprofezin contained individuals that survived the highest concentration applied (10,000 mg litre-1). The field rate of buprofezin was shown to select for resistance through vapour action alone. The benzophenylurea teflubenzuron, an unrelated IGR, was cross-resisted by buprofezin-resistant individuals. There was no evidence of resistance to imidacloprid, but all T vaporariorum strains tested, regardless of origin, exhibited a high innate tolerance to nicotine, when compared with another whitefly species, Bemisia tabaci. Marked resistance to fenbutatin oxide and tebufenpyrad was found in single glasshouse populations of Tetranychus urticae, but these compounds and abamectin appeared to remain highly effective against all other strains collected.     

贵州黄牛杂交F1代直线育肥技术研究

本试验采用6月龄左右的西门塔尔×关岭牛F1代10头、利木赞×关岭牛F1代10头、安格斯×关岭牛F1代10头进行了360 d的强度育肥饲养试验。结果表明，3种杂交牛平均体重分别为550、590、540 kg，平均日增重依序为1413、1485和1367g；每千克增重消耗饲料干物质分别为6.91、6.42、7.10 kg；每增重1 kg饲料成本分别为5.23、4.86、5.38元；净肉率差异不显著，分别为42.5 %、41.5 %和43.0 %。从而认为，贵州杂交黄牛通过直线育肥可以达到优质肉牛18～24月龄（即屠宰前）450～500 kg以上的生产性能。     

杉木正反交组合F_1代生理生化特性的比较研究

选择数量性状存在明显差异的９年生杉木正、反交组合Ｆ１代及其亲本、测定和分析其生理生化特性。结果表明：杉木种内杂交存在较明显的“母本效应”只要父母本选配恰当，获得超优势亲本的杂合体是完全可能的。     

家蚕混精杂交的实验生物学研究

利用染色体替换法研制出具有标志基因、又可在子代明确区分的二种精子活力相同的材料——临皓普、临皓素.以这两个材料进行二雄交一雌的混精杂交试验,研究不同交配时间、交配次序对受精选择性的影响.结果,第一雄蛾交配25或30分钟的子代中,素蚕和普斑蚕开差很大,交配50或60分钟,两种类型比例接近,x~2检验理论值与实际值相符.交配次序中,属后交雄蛾的类型略多,交配时间和次序的不同,对选择受精的影响较大,本文对上述问题进行了讨论.     

意蜂来源的微孢子虫对不同日龄中蜂成年工蜂的侵染性

为探明意蜂来源的微孢子虫对不同日龄中蜂成年工蜂的交叉侵染性,将纯化自意蜂的微孢子虫分别接种无微孢子虫感染的2日、5日、8日、11日、14日龄的中蜂工蜂,当每只蜂经口接种5.12×104个孢子,在30±1℃,45%～60%RH,黑暗环境中饲养12天后,2～14日龄的中蜂工蜂的感染率为46.7%～72.6%,平均感染率为65.8%;其中2日龄的感染率显著(P<0.05)低于5～14日龄的感染率。