甜菜单胚雄性不育系及保持系雌蕊形态学及细胞学研究

以甜菜单胚雄不育系和保持系为材料,用光学显微镜对其雌性器官各部发育进行了比较解剖学观察．结果如下：甜菜雌蕊由3—5枚心皮合生而成,外形可分为柱头、花柱和子房三部分。各部解剖学特征：（1）柱头3—5枚离生稍向外生长,柱头正面由大量乳突细胞组成;（2）花柱短小,半开放形,开口较小,其内充满腺毛状结构;（3）半下住子房,心皮合生一室,在外侧愈合交界处,有发达的盘状蜜腺;胚珠1枚基底胎座,曲生形胚珠,双珠被厚珠心．蓼形胚囊,并有盲囊结构产生。研究表明,甜菜雄不育和可育的雌蕊、胚珠、胚囊形态结构相似,均可正常发育,两者均具有受精与结实能力．     

基于夫琅和费暗线原理的太阳诱导叶绿素荧光

叶绿素荧光技术是探知植物生理状态及其与环境关系的理想方法.太阳诱导叶绿素荧光可以利用夫琅和费暗线原理进行提取.阐述了夫琅和费暗线探测自然光条件下光合作用荧光的基本原理和方法,以及波长760nm叶绿素荧光探测仪的光学系统、仪器硬件组成及其各部分功能、仪器的软件设计.通过与ASD地物光谱仪器的对比试验表明,研制的太阳诱导叶绿素荧光测量的数据与地物光谱仪测量的数据相关系数都大于0.9.基于夫琅和费暗线原理的太阳诱导叶绿素荧光探测仪器提供了一种低成本、实时测量作物冠层太阳诱导叶绿素荧光的方法和仪器.     

籼型恢复系郴R92-225的杂交和辐射选育及应用

本文介绍了籼型恢复系郴R92-225的杂交和辐射选育过程、特征特性及配制杂交组合应用于生产的情况。对选育的郴R92-225的有利变异和选育方法及应用进行了讨论。     

普通玉米与高油玉米杂交产量性状配合力分析

按Griffing双列杂交方法Ⅳ对5个高油玉米与5个普通玉米自交系进行组配,将获得的45个杂交组合进行鉴定,对自交系的穗粗、穗长、单穗粒重、出籽率、行粒数、穗行数、秃尖、百粒重进行配合力分析。结果表明：高油玉米的一般配合力和普通玉米相比,尤其在单穗粒重和百粒重等产量决定因素方面多表现为负值,明显低于普通玉米;综合看来自交系熊掌和苏80—1一般配合力较高,普通玉米和高油玉米杂交组合熊掌×GY101、熊掌×GY246单穗粒重的总配合力效应居二、三位,是可以加以利用的杂交组合,展示了普通×高油组合形式的应用价值。     

玉米作图群体主要穗部性状的研究

本研究调查了玉米自交系Mo17、黄早4及由这两个材料构建的F9代重组自交系(Recombinantinbred line,RIL)群体的穗粗、穗长、轴粗和穗重共4个穗部性状,对这4个性状在群体中的表现用SPSS11.5软件作了描述性统计和相关分析,并构建了频数分布图。该结果为控制这4个性状的数量性状位点(Quanti-tative trait locus,QTL)的作图研究提供了田间表型数据。     

Presence of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Cattle Tick Boophilus microplus and in Epithelial Tissue Culture Cells of Chironomus tentans

A muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) has been demonstrated and partially characterized in larvae of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Its properties are compared with mAChR from an epithelial cell line from the dipteran insect Chironomus tentans. Competition studies with cholinergic ligands of different specificity revealed the muscarinic nature of the cholinergic receptors investigated in both species. In homogenates from tick larvae, specific binding sites for [³H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) with high affinity (1·2±(0·13) nM ; B_max 22·5 pmol mg protein⁻¹) were detected that do not bind nicotinic compounds specifically. The estimated IC₅₀ values for nicotine, imidacloprid and α-bungarotoxin were all in the mM range. Additionally, with tick larvae, high-affinity nicotinic binding sites were detected with [³H]nicotine which could be displaced by high concentrations of imidacloprid or QNB. The estimated IC₅₀ values for nicotine, α-bungarotoxin, imidacloprid and QNB were 43(±8) nM , 0·8(±0·2) μM , 2·8(±0·6) μM and 78(±1·9) μM , respectively. With homogenates of the non-neuronal insect cell line from C. tentans, only high-affinity binding sites for [³H]QNB were found. Muscarinic antagonists selectively displaced [³H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding to tick larvae homogenates. The mAChR of B. microplus preferred pirenzepine (IC₅₀ 2·13(±1·02) μM ) among different subtype-specific mAChR antagonists (4-DAMP had IC₅₀ 49·9(±9·13) μM and methoctramine had IC₅₀ 121(±14·2) μM ) indicating a type of binding site similar to the vertebrate M1 mAChR subtype. The tick muscarinic receptor seems to be a G-protein-coupled receptor, as concluded from the 4·8-fold reduction in receptor affinity for binding of the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine M upon treatment with the non-hydrolysable GTP-analogue γ-S-GTP. Binding data for the agonists oxotremorine M (IC₅₀ 71·3(±19·6) μM ) and carbachol (IC₅₀ 253(±87·1) μM ) parallel the biological efficacy of these compounds, in that, while oxotremorine M showed some activity against ticks, carbachol was ineffective.     

Methodology for creating alloplasmic soybean lines by using Glycine tomentella as a maternal parent

Soybean breeders have not exploited the diversity of the 26 wild perennial species of the subgenus Glycine Willd. that are distantly related to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and harbour useful genes. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology for introgressing cytoplasmic and genetic diversity from Glycine tomentella PI 441001 (2n = 78) into cultivated soybean using ‘Dwight’ (2n = 40) as the male parent. Immature seeds (19–21 days post‐pollination) were cultured in vitro to produce F₁ plants (2n = 59). Amphidiploid (2n = 118) plants, induced by colchicine treatment, were vigorous and produced mature pods and seeds after backcrossing with ‘Dwight’. The BC₁ plants (2n = 79) produced mature seeds in crosses with ‘Dwight’. Chromosome numbers in BC₂F₁ plants ranged from 2n = 41–50. From BC₂F₂ to BC₃F₁, the number of plants in parentheses with 2n = 40 (275), 2n = 41 (208), 2n = 42 (80), 2n = 43 (27), 2n = 44 (12) and 2n = 45 (3) were identified. Fertile lines were grown in the field during 2012 and 2013. This is the first report of the successful development of new alloplasmic soybean lines with cytoplasm from G. tomentella.     

Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid requirement of juvenile rock bream,Oplegnathus fasciatus

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the optimum dietary level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) based on growth and non‐specific immune responses in juvenile rock bream. A basal diet without EPA supplementation was used as a control, and six other diets were prepared by supplementing with 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 or 40 g of EPA per kg diet. The actual EPA concentrations of the diets were 0.5, 4.3, 8.5, 13.0, 16.8, 21.0 and 41.2 g of EPA per kg diet, and the diets were abbreviated as EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3, EPA_8.5, EPA_13.0, EPA_16.8, EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2, respectively. Triplicate groups of fish averaging 1.06 ± 0.01 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the seven experimental diets at the apparent satiation for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed efficiency of fish fed EPA_16.8, EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3, EPA_8.5 and EPA_13.0 diets (p < .05). Superoxide dismutase activity of fish fed EPA_16.8, EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3 and EPA_8.5 diets. Fish fed EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2 diets showed significantly higher lysozyme activity than did fish fed EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3, EPA_8.5 and EPA_13.0 diets. The broken‐line analysis of weight gain indicated that the optimum dietary EPA level was 16.7 g/kg diet. These results suggested that the optimum dietary EPA level in juvenile rock bream could be greater than 16.7 g/kg diet but less than or equal to 16.8 g/kg diet based on the broken‐line analysis and the ANOVA test of weight gain.     

甜菜不育系和保持系创新选育方法比较

比较了甜菜雄性不育系和保持系的3种创新选育方法,即利用自交系、国外二倍体雄性不育杂优品种、多粒保持系改良创新不育系和保持系。     

分子标记辅助选择培育抗稻瘟病恢复系R1198

通过有限回交、自交,并结合分子标记辅助选择,将广谱抗稻瘟病种质H4的一个主效抗病基因Pi46(t)转育到强恢复系广恢998中,从BC2F4代群体中选育到一个株叶型较好的单株,命名为R1198。分析结果表明,R1198比广恢998的抗谱明显拓宽,两者农艺性状大体接近,但仍存在一定的差异。