杂交水稻三系不育系选育的实践与探讨

回顾了杂交水稻三系不育系15年来的选育实践,总结了选育杂交水稻三系不育系的经验与体会:一是对理想不育系的模型进行了有益的构思;二是B×B遗传改良不育系效率高,但多个优良性状难以有效整合;三是新质源和新类型材料的挖掘与利用,既可改良米质,又可扩大亲缘关系,增强杂种优势;四是应在现有基础上,关键抓品质、产量与抗性三者协调的理想不育系选育。     

蜜腺发达Ogura晚抽薹不结球白菜雄性不育系的鉴定

本试验以Ogura晚抽薹不结球白菜薹ms等为材料,通过观察和比较熊蜂对不同白菜品种访花次数和访花滞留时间的差异,选择出能吸引熊蜂访花且访花滞留时间长的Ogura薹ms植株。对选择出植株的蜜腺大小和开花结实特性进行了进一步鉴定,结果表明选出的薹ms株蜜腺发达,开花结实正常,为选育优良晚抽薹胞质不结球白菜雄性不育系奠定了基础。     

区域粮食供需平衡及安全态势研究--以陕西省为例

以1983~2002年陕西省粮食生产统计数据为依据,利用Cobb—D oug lass生产函数,在SPSS软件环境中,构建粮食单产非线性回归模型,并结合粮食需求层次结构模型,对陕西省粮食供需能力做出中长期预测。在模拟粮食生产波动趋势的基础上,提出了粮食安全线的衡量标准,并对陕西省粮食安全态势予以评价。结果表明:陕西省粮食供需基本平衡,但近年来安全态势有所下降;粮食最低播种面积安全线应控制在230万hm2左右;农户存粮处于极不安全态势;粮食库存安全线应为69万t左右。     

基于机器视觉的智能种子分选机设计

针对目前市场上种子分选装置多以传统机械式、半自动式为主,智能化程度不高、分拣准确率较低的问题,基于机器视觉技术设计一种智能种子分选机,主要由传输系统、供料系统、图像采集系统、种子筛选系统和控制系统五大部分构成。以‘郑丹958’玉米种子为研究对象,以种子气流下斜抛的水平距离和传送带传输速度为寻优条件进行试验,确定最优气泵压力值和控制器脉冲频率。对960个种子样本（优质、劣质种子分别为824和136 个）通过目标检测模型进行质量识别,判别种子质量,对种子状态进行标注框选和坐标记录。使用PLC（SIMATIC S7-200 CN,CPU224XP）分选模块控制直动式电磁阀组,对种子进行分选试验。结果表明：1）最优组合气泵压力值为0.3 MPa,控制器脉冲频率为3 175 Hz。2）优质、劣质种子识别率分别为93.69%和91.91%,种子分选率为89.6%。该分选机能够有效满足种子分选要求。     

High yield and rapid growth of Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis in co-culture with a rainbow trout gill-derived cell line RTgill-W1

Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis is an ubiquitous amphizoic marine protozoan and has been implicated as the causative agent for several diseases in marine organisms, most notably amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon. Despite several reports on the pathology of AGD, relatively little is known about the protozoan and its relationship to host cells. In this study, an in vitro approach using monolayers of a rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1, ATCC CRL-2523) was used to rapidly grow large numbers of N. pemaquidensis (ATCC 50172) and investigate cell-pathogen interactions. Established cell lines derived from other tissues of rainbow trout and other fish species were also evaluated for amoeba growth support. The amoebae showed preference and highest yield when grown with RTgill-W1 over nine other tested fish cell lines. Amoeba yields could reach as high as 5 x 10(5) cells mL(-1) within 3 days of growth on the gill cell monolayers. The amoebae caused visible focal lesions in RTgill-W1 monolayers within 24 h of exposure and rapidly proliferated and spread with cytopathic effects destroying the neighbouring pavement-like cells within 48-72 h after initial exposure in media above 700 mOsm kg(-1). Disruption of the integrity of the gill cell monolayers could be noted within 30 min of exposure to the amoeba suspensions by changes in transepithelial resistance (TER) compared with control cell monolayers maintained in the exposure media. This was significantly different by 2 h (P < 0.05) compared with control cells and remained significantly different (P < 0.01) for the remaining 72 h that the TER was monitored. The RTgill-W1 cell line is thus a convenient model for growing N. pemaquidensis and for studying host-pathogen interactions in AGD.     

Aquatic birnavirus induces apoptosis through activated caspase-8 and -3 in a zebrafish cell line

In this study, the possible influence of temperature on infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)-induced apoptosis in a zebrafish liver epithelium (ZLE) cell line was investigated. At a lower temperature (18 degrees C), there was expression of viral proteins VP2 and VP3 at 4 h post-infection (p.i.). At this time no expression was found in the high temperature group at 28 degrees C. The cell survival ratio was 52 and 18% at 24 and 48 h p.i., respectively, during IPNV infection at 18 degrees C. In addition, we assayed for apoptosis in IPNV-infected cells with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated end labelling (TUNEL) of DNA at different dosages of virus. We found a ratio of apoptotic cells of 8 and 25% at 12 and 18 h p.i., respectively, in the multiplicity of infection (MOI) 1 group. The MOI 10 group had 20 and 45% apoptotic cells at 12 and 18 h, respectively. Furthermore, at 18 degrees C IPNV activated the caspase-8 and 3 from 1.5 to 2 times at 12 and 18 h p.i., respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest that successful virus replication occurs at the low temperature (18 degrees C) compared with the non-permissive temperature of 28 degrees C. Thus, IPNV replication is capable of activating caspase-8 and -3 and inducing host apoptosis.     

鲤IGF-Ⅰ基因2个高度多态微卫星位点的鉴定及其与生长相关性状的关联分析

利用PCR结合测序方法,在鲤(Cyprinus carpio)类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ(insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ,IGF-Ⅰ)基因内含子1和内含子2中各鉴定1个微卫星多态性位点,分别命名为intron1189和intron2310,这两个位点均以4碱基为重复单元.以黑龙江鲤(Cyprinus cario haematopterus,YL)(n=263)、德国镜鲤选育系(Cyprinus carpio L.mirror,JL)(n=229),及荷包红鲤抗寒品系(Cyprinus carpio var.wuyuanensis,HL)(n=255)为研究对象,评估了这两个位点不同基因型(频率＞3％)与鲤4个生长时段(135 d、325 d、335 d和445 d)生长表型的关联.结果显示,2个位点在3个鲤群体中均表现为高度多态(PIC＞0.5).intron1189位点多态性主要对YL的135 d、325 d体长和325 d、385 d体质量有显著影响(P＜0.05),而intron2 310位点多态性对JL各检测时段的体长和体质量均有显著影响(P＜0.05).对不同基因型个体的体长和体质量性状进行多重比较,结果显示,在intron 1189位点,185/229基因型YL的135 d、325 d体长和325 d、385 d体质量最低,而205/221基因型YL的135 d、325 d体长和325 d体质量最高.在mtron2310位点,290/350基因型JL在各检测时段的体长及135 d、325 d、385 d体质量最低,而318/350基因型JL的135 d、325 d、385 d体长和体质量均为最高.上述结果表明,鲤IGF-Ⅰ基因内含子中的这两个高度多态微卫星位点潜在影响鲤的生长性能.     

锦鲤尾鳍细胞系(KF-H)的建立

本研究建立了锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio)尾鳍细胞系。染色体数目、核型及DNA含量等实验,发现锦鲤体细胞和锦鲤培养细胞无显著性差异,染色体数目和DNA含量符合比例关系,建立的锦鲤尾鳍细胞系已形成了稳定的遗传性状,命名为KF-H。     

胡萝卜新品种杂交一代红参的选育

红参胡萝卜是用完全瓣化型雄性不育系培育的杂交一代新品种.该品种肉质根长圆柱形,韧皮部和木质部均为橙红色,个体整齐度高,春播平均单根质量200.5 g,产量450 002kg/hm2;秋播平均单根质量290.5 g,产量64 500 kg/hm2.β胡萝卜素含量110.0 mg/kg,商品率高,叶幅小,成形早,抗抽薹,适合春、秋种植.     

甜菜单胚雄性不育系及保持系雌蕊形态学及细胞学研究

以甜菜单胚雄不育系和保持系为材料,用光学显微镜对其雌性器官各部发育进行了比较解剖学观察．结果如下：甜菜雌蕊由3—5枚心皮合生而成,外形可分为柱头、花柱和子房三部分。各部解剖学特征：（1）柱头3—5枚离生稍向外生长,柱头正面由大量乳突细胞组成;（2）花柱短小,半开放形,开口较小,其内充满腺毛状结构;（3）半下住子房,心皮合生一室,在外侧愈合交界处,有发达的盘状蜜腺;胚珠1枚基底胎座,曲生形胚珠,双珠被厚珠心．蓼形胚囊,并有盲囊结构产生。研究表明,甜菜雄不育和可育的雌蕊、胚珠、胚囊形态结构相似,均可正常发育,两者均具有受精与结实能力．