The Farmland and Rural Improvement Project budget under the Agriculture Basic Law in Japan

The Farmland and Rural Improvement Project (FRIP) system met socioeconomic needs during the time the Agriculture Basic Law (ABL) was in effect. Four hundred and forty publications and revisions of project execution guidelines between fiscal years (FY) 1960 and 1995 addressed the need to modify the FRIP systems. From the viewpoint of budgets, the budget share of the Farmland Improvement Project (FIP) in annual national public works budgets decreased in close correlation with percentages of gross agricultural product in gross domestic product (GDP). The Rural Improvement Project (RIP) share, however, increased during the same time period, in close correlation with percentages of non-farmers living in rural villages. Consequently, there was little change in the FRIP budget share. These changes in FRIP budget structure brought a certain level of FIP investment per hectare, with no increase since FY 1980. In addition, the RIP investment played a role in narrowing the gap in the living infrastructure investment per capita between urban and rural areas.     

An institutional case study of Japanese Water Users Association: towards successful participatory irrigation management

This paper examines irrigation management conduct within the Japanese Water Users Association (WUA), namely the Land Improvement District (LID). LID is regarded as a successful case of participatory irrigation management (PIM), in which there are few conflicts over water between farmers so that it attains high social cost performance. However, the management system of LID still remains obscure. We throw light on this system assuming the existence of "the rule of fairness". Farmers operate the irrigation facilities in a self-serving way and have their own rule of fairness, such as upstream superiority, based on the long-term experiences of irrigation systems. We defined this rule of fairness as made up of two components: one is "fairness of outcome" and the other is "fairness of procedure". Finally, we discovered that the approach of LID staff is the essential factor to satisfying the farmers' criteria of fairness and maintaining peace; LID staff place importance on farmers' customary rules, taking care to remain neutral in arbitrating quarrels between farmers and trying to ensure organizational transparency to farmers. This can be also a good lesson for future PIM projects.     

应用DHI对某奶牛场奶牛生产性能的综合分析

[目的]为了解奶牛的生产性能.[方法]应用奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)体系,2006年10～11月对武汉市某牛场所有产奶牛的生产情况进行测定和分析.[结果]表明:该场牛群所产奶中体细胞数高,产奶牛中有12%患有临床乳房炎,产犊间隔长,存在繁殖问题和饲料问题,针对测检和分析中发现的问题,提出了相应的改进措施.[结论]为牛场...     

基于与景观营建结合的岩仓残痕整容设计研究

指出目前的岩仓残痕治理过程通常以安全性为原则,运用工程技术,以工程材料和植被进行简单覆盖,缺乏景观艺术效果和游赏功能性。突出了岩仓残痕区整容设计的原则在于尊重自然、稳定坡地,适地适树、经济美观,特色美与协调统一美相结合,艺术性与功能性相结合,创新性与艺术性相结合,在此基础上提出整容设计的基本思路与设计方法,并以柳州市银山岩仓残痕工程治理为例,分析了当地地质及岩仓残痕现状,气候特点以及石山植物资源及植被状况,进而探讨了具体的岩仓整容设计对策。结果表明：将工程技术与景观营建结合起来,设计层次丰富、生动自然、功能完善、安全有效的园林景观,不仅易于为市民所接受,也能为其他岩仓残痕的整容设计起到示范作用。     

玉米品系内改良S1选择方法与技术

根据玉米群体轮回选择的基本原理和方法，建立起一套简单易行的群体改良S1选择方法，其主体技术包括组建一个好的基础群体，利用控制授粉提高优良基因的频率，借助互交使基因重组。采用此方法对CIMMYT提供的热带玉米群体进行了3轮选择，群体产量平均每轮增益为6．4％，群体测交种产量平均每轮增益为6．3％。表明群体产量的一般配合力有较大的提高。     

我国油菜产品质量安全现状及对策

根据1999、2002年我国油菜生产调查和国内外油菜产品抽样检测结果,分析我国油菜生产、产品品质现状及与国外的差距,提出了提高我国油菜产品质量的建议.     

水稻品质改良的研究发展现状

分析了当前我国进行水稻品质研究的重要意义。从稻米品质的测定、评价、遗传研究和育种实践的角度阐述了国内外水稻品质研究的现状,并从大众的消费观念和市场需求出发指明了未来提高食味、营养和加工品质的水稻品质改良发展方向。     

黔东南地区“糯禾改籼稻”的历史考察

黔东南是贵州的糯禾文化区,从清代中期改土归流以来,该地区在农业发展中多次推行“糯禾改籼稻”,结果使糯禾区变成了籼稻生产为主的农业区。糯禾改籼稻既是生态多样性被破坏的结果,也是经济发展中盲目追求量的增长的体现。     

玉米抗病性遗传改良

In this paper the main diseases of corn were elaborated on: Corn northern leaf blight,Corn southern leaf blight,Corn head smut,Corn smut,Corn stem rot(Corn stalk rot),Curvularia leaf spot of Corn,Gray leaf spot of Corn,Corn rust disease.Dwarf mosaic disease of Corn,Corn ear rot and their pathogens and prevalence.It indicted the genetic characteristics of resistance and research progress,the collection and screening of resistant resourses,the breeding and improvement methods of resistant varieties.     

利用转角蛋白基因改良棉纤维品质的研究

通过花粉管通道法,将兔毛角蛋白基因导入到SGK321双价抗虫棉中进行纤维品质的改良,对转化后代进行GUS基因及PCR检测,并经过3a的南繁北育,确定有3个阳性株系的棉纤维品质得到改良,长度当年较对照增加3.3mm,虽然年度间有一定的波动性,但后代继续保持长纤维特性,比强度当年增高的最多达6.0cN/tex,在后代的选择中,增高幅度在下降,到第三年的6世代,只比对照SGK321高2.1cN/tex。