基于甘肃省中低产田现状的改良措施及其应用效果

中低产田是指土壤存在一种或几种制约农业生产的障碍因素,农业单产相对低而不稳的耕地。研究和分析甘肃省中低产田的现状及其改良技术措施,有针对性地实施中低产田改良改造,对改善甘肃省的农业生产条件和生态环境,提高土地产出率和经济效益,具有重要而深远的意义。针对甘肃省中低产田面积大、分布广和相对集中的特征,在分析中低产田障碍因素成因和主要类型的基础上,梳理了近年甘肃省主要的中低产田改良集成技术措施及其应用效果,提出了中低产田改良和治理的对策建议。     

不同供体对玉米自交系QR273的改良效应

基于田间试验统计和SSR标记的遗传多样性分析,分析4个供体对优良热带玉米自交系QR273改良效应。结果表明,不同供体间的6个性状在P=0.05水平上存在显著差异,以自交系QB572、QB576和T32为供体,改良系与QR273在穗长性状上有不同程度的减少;在穗粗和穗行数上多数改良系得以提高。不同供体大多数性状的表型变异系数变化幅度小,比对照增产10%以上的组合均由供体QB576和T32所提供。基于SSR分子标记分析结果,从146对引物中用筛选出的清晰稳定的引物42对,对33份供试材料进行同源性位点扩增,共检测到162个等位基因变异,平均每个点检测到等位基因数位3.9个,变化范围1~6个。每个位点的PIC值变幅为0.079 5~0.515 9,平均为0.283 8。通过UPGMA和主坐标分析,将供试材料被划为4个类群,第Ⅰ类群包括除QB2147、QB2188、QB1955、QB2163和QB2164外其他QR273改良系;第Ⅱ类群为QB2147;第Ⅲ类群为QB2188、T32、QB572和QB576;第Ⅳ类群为QB1955、QB2163、QB2164和QB48。     

小尾寒羊改良豫西脂尾羊试验报告

本试验让豫西脂尾羊与体型大、生长速度快、繁殖率高的小尾寒羊杂交,同时保留其产肉率高、爬坡能力强的优良特性。从而改进其总体生产性能。结果表明,杂交后代既继承了小尾寒羊的优良特性,又继承了脂尾羊的优良特性,该杂交模式值得大面积推广。     

技术替代资源之路是云南竹产业发展的必然选择

我国竹产业已成为林业建设中异军突起的新兴产业之一。云南是我国乃至全世界天然竹类资源最丰富的地区,但竹产业开发却落后于内地各产竹省区。本文拟根据云南竹类资源的现状、特点和优劣势,浅议竹产业开发与山区经济发展的关系,从竹产业开发面临的基本问题入手,找出云南竹业生产发展的关键制约因素,并论述通过研究和开展新技术、实施新技术革命来加以解决的途径。本文提出了走技术替代资源之路是云南竹产业发展的必然选择的观点。     

贵州山区玉米种质的改良

贵州山区玉米种质对贵州省的玉米育种和玉米生产有着重大贡献,但贵州山区玉米种质需要进行遗传改良和扩增,才能发挥良好作用。笔者概述了贵州山区玉米种质的特点及其改良情况,并对贵州山区玉米种质的改良发展方向进行了讨论。     

浅论加强木材检查站建设的必要措施

本文以五常市林业木材检查站的建设情况,着重探讨了木材检查站行政执法现状和存在的问题,并提出了加强建设的必要措施。     

The Ecological Value and Feasibility of Composting Technology for Garden Soil Improvement

Soil quality of garden plants is an important factor for good growth of garden plants.Based on the analysis of the current situation of garden soil,the ecological value and feasibility of composting technology applied in garden soil improvement were discussed.This study provided a basis for strengthening the quality management of garden soil,improving the standard of garden soil improvement,and helping the healthy and sustainable development of modern garden greening.     

竹子DNA提取方法改良及ITS-RFLP分析的初步研究

通过对传统方法的比较、改进,形成一种快速、简易的适用于竹子DNA提取的方法。另外,通过PCR扩增和7种限制性内切酶(AluⅠ、BbeⅠ、BbvⅠ、DpnⅠ、EagⅠ、hindⅢ和RsaⅠ)酶切,对云南世博园内的灰香竹、秀叶箭竹、云南箭竹和滑竹等4个竹种rDNA-ITS进行分析,发现竹子种间甚至是属间的rDNA-ITS序列的RFLP图谱差异很小,不适宜用来作竹子种属鉴定的标准。     

An evaluation of genetic diversity indices of the Red Bororo and White Fulani cattle breeds with different molecular markers and their implications for current and future improvement options

The genetic diversity of the Red Bororo and White Fulani cattle breeds of Cameroon and Nigeria was assessed with a panel of 32 markers. Estimates for the various indices of genetic diversity, total number of alleles (TNA), mean observed number of alleles (MNA), mean effective number of alleles (MNE), observed heterozygosity (H _ob) and expected heterozygosity (H _ex), were higher at microsatellite loci than at protein loci. Mean H _ex values were above 71% at microsatellite loci in all the breeds and ranged from 37% to 41.6% at milk protein loci and from 40.9% to 45.6% at blood protein loci. The highest TNA and MNA of microsatellites were recorded for the Nigerian White Fulani. MNE of milk protein loci was highest in the Cameroonian Red Bororo, while TNA of blood protein loci was highest in the Cameroonian White Fulani. The high genetic diversity levels indicate the presence of the necessary ingredients for improvement breeding and conservation. Multi-locus estimates of within-population inbreeding (f), total inbreeding (F) and population differentiation (θ) of the breeds were significantly different from zero, except for θ of blood proteins. A high level of gene flow was found between the breeds (5.829). The phylogenetic relationship existing among the four breeds is greatly influenced by location. The high gene flow between the breeds may lead to a loss of genetic diversity through genetic uniformity and a reduction in opportunities for future breed development. We propose an improvement scheme with aims to prevent loss of genetic diversity, improve productivity and reduce uncontrolled genetic exchanges between breeds.     

甘油和戊二醛对丝素膜性能的改良效果

为改善丝素膜的使用性能,在丝素溶液中添加甘油和戊二醛后制膜,探讨利用甘油的吸湿性能和戊二醛的交联作用对丝素膜性能的改良效果。结果表明:添加甘油的丝素膜持水性增强、耐水性能和相对伸长大幅度提高;戊二醛可以弥补添加甘油引起的丝素膜拉伸强度的下降。甘油和戊二醛的添加的质量分数分别为0.5%和0.2%时所制成的丝素膜质地湿润、光滑、柔软而富有弹性,其综合性能指标优于表面经80%甲醇处理的丝素膜。