肥料不同配比对水稻产量与蛋白质含量的影响

为了指导水稻生产合理施肥，采用田间小区试验，研究了氮、磷、钾、硅锰、有机肥配合施用对水稻养分迁移、光合特性、籽粒产量及蛋白质含量的影响．结果表明：氮、磷、钾、硅锰、有机肥配合施用能促进水稻氮、磷、钾的吸收、转运、累积，提高籽粒氮、磷、钾含量及籽粒粗蛋白质含量；氮、磷、钾、硅锰、有机肥配合施用对水稻产量的形成有明显的促进作用，主要是通过提高功能叶的净光合速率、有效穗、每穗实粒数来实现．     

添加葡萄籽等植物提取物对湘云金鲫生长性能及鱼体成分的影响

选用1344尾平均体重为105 g的健康湘云金鲫鱼种。随机分为4个处理,每个处理2个重复。Ⅰ组投喂基础饲料,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在基础饲料中分别添加4 m g/kg的黄酶素及10、20 g/kg葡萄籽等植物提取物。30 d后测定湘云金鲫的生长性能和鱼体成分。结果显示:Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组比较,增重率分别提高53.77%、45.43%、20.16%(P<0.05),饵料系数分别降低33.06%、31.02%、16.44%(P<0.05);鱼体蛋白质含量显著提高(P>0.05),体脂肪含量无显著变化(P>0.05)。因此,葡萄籽等植物提取物作为饲料添加剂能显著提高湘云金鲫的生长性能、降低饵料系数、改善鱼体品质,本试验条件下,其适宜添加量为10 g/kg。     

The electrofocusing composition of the Large and Small Sub-unit polypeptides of Fraction-1-Protein in rice x wheat and rice x sorghum hybrids

Summary The polypeptide composition of Fraction-1-Protein (F1P) from rice × sorghum, rice × wheat hybrids and their respective parents have been analyzed by a microelectrofocusing method. The large sub-unit (LSU) is composed of three polypeptides and the small sub-unit (SSU) of two polypeptides in rice and sorghum parents and rice × sorghum hybrids. Similarly, LSU is composed of three polypeptides in the rice and wheat parents and rice × wheat hybrids. Two polypeptides occur in the SSU of rice parent and rice × wheat hybrids where as only one polypeptide in the wheat parent. These polypeptides also differ in their isoelectric points. Based on the previous reports of F1P inheritance in hybrids in other crops, F1P analysis of rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids does not seem to be an important marker to identify such intergeneric hybrids. Since this is first such report of F1P inheritance in hybrids between distantly related plants, its implication in different modes of inheritance are discussed.Abbreviations F1P Fraction-1-Protein - IEF Isoelectric focusing - pI Isoelectric points - LSU Large sub-unit - RuBPCase Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase-oxygenase - SSU Small sub-unit     

水稻几丁质酶的原核表达、复性及体外抑菌活性的研究

利用RT-PCR反应,从纹枯菌诱导的水稻叶片cDNA中克隆了1个水稻几丁质酶基因RC7的全长编码序列（ORF）。通过亚克隆方法,RC7与原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1上的GST融合,构建成GST-RC7重组蛋白的原核表达载体pGST-RC7,然后,将其转化到大肠杆菌细胞中。经异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导,获得了以包涵体形式高效表达的GST-RC7。经过洗涤、溶解（变性）、复性及纯化等处理,包涵体中GST-RC7得到溶解、复性和纯化。纯化的复性GST-RC7蛋白具有几丁质酶活性。对6种重要作物病原真菌进行体外抑菌活性分析的结果表明, RC7可显著抑制水稻纹枯病菌、小麦纹枯菌、小麦赤霉菌、棉花黄萎菌、烟草赤星菌的菌丝生长,说明RC7可作为上述植物病害抗性基因育种的重要基因。     

应用丝瓜(Luffa Cylindrica Roem)伤流液提高水稻花药培养效果

用15—20%(V/V)丝瓜伤流液加入培养基可以显著提高水稻花药培养力和花粉植株自然加倍的频率。诱导培养基中附加15—20%(V/V)丝瓜伤流液,形成愈伤组织百分率显著高于对照;粳稻的愈伤组织分化率高达95%,籼稻愈伤组织分化率可达70%,比对照提高1倍左右。花粉植株自然加倍的频率显著(p>0.01)高于对照。附加10%、15%、20%、25%(V/V)     

稻草还田模式对稻田土壤速效氮、钾含量及晚稻生长的影响

设计了高桩翻耕抛栽、覆盖免耕抛栽和高桩免耕抛栽3种模式的田间小区试验。结果表明, 不同稻草还田模式对土壤NH₄⁺-N含量影响较大, 对土壤速效钾含量和土壤NO₃^--N含量影响不大; 高桩翻耕模式的土壤NH₄⁺-N、速效钾含量平均值比高桩免耕和覆盖免耕模式分别提高40.8%、7.5%和36.7%、2.0%; 高桩翻耕能促进水稻群体生长, 增加叶片叶绿素含量, 充分利用光能, 增强光合作用; 稻草还田以高桩翻耕模式的增产效果最好, 比高桩免耕、覆盖免耕分别增产5.8%和9.0%。以高桩翻耕稻草还田模式对土壤速效氮、钾含量及晚稻产量的影响最好。     

Overexpression of a small heat‐shock‐protein gene enhances tolerance to abiotic stresses in rice

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world which survives from various abiotic stresses in natural environments with specific stress‐involved genes expressed. Plant sHSPs (small heat‐shock proteins) were reported to respond to abiotic stresses. To improve the understanding of sHSPs in rice, we characterized heat‐shock‐protein gene OsHSP18.6 here. OsHSP18.6 could be induced by diverse stresses, such as drought, salt and cold, especially under heat. The gene was found expressed in root, stem, leaf, internode and spikelet. Overexpression of OsHSP18.6 results in increased thermotolerance and exhibits universal tolerance to stresses tested, including heat, drought, salt and cold. Lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and greater activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in OsHSP18.6‐overexpression rice under heat and drought. OsHSP18.6‐overexpression lines indicated decreased sterile rates under hot weather without remarkable changes in most of other agronomic traits compared with wild‐type plants.     

The growth of turkeys 2. Body components and allometric relationships

ABSTRACT

1. The relationships between the main components of the body and body protein among males and females of BUT 6 (BUT) and Hybrid Converter (HYB) turkey strains were examined.

2. The weights of breast meat, breast skin, drumstick meat, drumstick skin, thigh meat, thigh skin and wing-plus-skin as well as the head, neck, feet, blood, heart, liver and gizzard were measured at different stages of growth after which all components of each bird were minced together in order to determine the feather-free body protein weight of each bird sampled. Using the weights of the components and the protein content of each bird the allometric relationships between the components and body protein were determined and then compared for each strain x sex combination.

3. By excluding the breast weights at day-old and at 7 d, the remaining points produced an acceptable allometric relationship (R² = 0.992). Thigh weight could be predicted for all strain x sex combinations using one allometric equation, as could drumstick skin weight. Breast and thigh skin weights differed between males and females. Females of the HYB strain exhibited heavier drumstick and wing-plus-skin weights at a given body protein weight than the other three strain x sex combinations. These differences in both the constant term and regression coefficient in the allometric equations between genotypes are probably due to differences in the amount of lipid that is deposited in these tissues.

4. Sexes differed in the allometric relationships for head, feet, heart and liver, while breeds differed in gizzard weight. A common relationship between the four genotypes could be used to predict the weight of blood in the carcass.

5. The allometric equations fitted to the data in this trial enable the accurate prediction of the weights of the different physical components given the weight of body protein.     

紫云英与化肥配施对土壤微生物特征和作物产量的影响

为了探讨紫云英绿肥与化肥配施对稻田土壤培肥的微生物机制,本研究以7年肥料定位试验为材料,研究了不同施肥对安徽沿江双季稻区稻田土壤可培养微生物数量、微生物量碳氮、微生物熵及水稻产量的影响,探讨施用紫云英绿肥对稻田土壤的培肥效果。结果表明,1)与不施肥相比,长期施用紫云英可显著增加土壤微生物总数量(58.09%~86.86%),尤其是增加了细菌数量(77.93%~112.76%),土壤微生物总数量及细菌数量均于G₃F₁处理(70%化肥配施22500 kg/hm²紫云英)达最大值(288.26×10⁴和263.95×10⁴ CFU/g)。2)施用紫云英可有效增加土壤微生物量。其中,70%化肥配施中高量紫云英的处理与CK相比,土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物量氮(SMBN)、微生物熵(qMB)分别增加了102.77%~113.94%、172.53%~185.17%、69.47%~84.65%;与100%化肥相比,SMBC、SMBN、qMB分别增加27.74%~34.77%、74.14%~82.22%、20.50%~31.29%。(3)施用紫云英处理的水稻产量与100%化肥处理相当或稍有提高,但明显高于70%化肥和CK处理。与CK相比,紫云英与化肥配施可提高产量46.22%~51.44%。 因此,化肥减量30%配施15000~30000 kg/hm²紫云英可以提高安徽沿江双季稻区水稻产量,本试验以施加22500 kg/hm²的紫云英产量最高(增产率达51.44%),同时,紫云英与化肥配施对提高土壤微生物量碳氮、微生物熵及调节土壤微生物群落组成,改善稻田土壤生物学性状产生显著影响。