乐至黑山羊与营山黑山羊杂交改良效果初探

本试验利用乐至黑山羊(父本)杂交改良营山黑山羊(母本)以提高生产性能。分别测定了两品种羊及乐×营杂交一代羊6月龄的体高、体长、胸围、胸宽和管围以及2月龄、6月龄、12月龄和24月龄的体重,结果表明:杂交一代羊的所有指标明显高于营山黑山羊(P0.05),其中6月龄杂交一代公羊的体高、体长、体重、胸围和胸宽较营山黑山羊分别提高23.3%、25.2%、18.39%、38.9%和27.7%(P0.01);母羊体高、体长、体重、胸围和管围分别提高19.3%、21.7%、22.72%、26.4%和13%(P0.01),胸宽提高6.2%(P0.05)。说明杂交改良效果显著。     

打破结缕草种子休眠的方法研究

X-射线能谱分析表明,颖苞表面被蜡质和硅覆盖,造成颖苞透性差,限制结缕草Zoysia japonica种子的萌发.在此基础上采用丙酮、HF和H2SO4处理结缕草种子,发现均能有效打破休眠,具体表现如下:以0.6%HF处理10min、30%丙酮处理20min、60%H2SO4处理5min效果最好,发芽率分别为88%、90%和92%,同20%NaOH处理20min相比,种子发芽率相差不多.表明,可以考虑用HF或丙酮等有机溶剂来进行结缕草种子的工厂化处理.     

2种三叶草杂种F1代胚性愈伤组织筛选

以高加索三叶草(Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.)与白三叶(Trifolium.repens L.)杂交后胚离体培养产生的F₁无菌苗的茎段为外植体,筛选诱导愈伤组织的最适培养基,将F₁茎段产生的愈伤组织经过继代后转移到分化培养基中,研究不同浓度激素组合对体细胞胚胎产生的影响。结果表明:MS+6-BA+NAA是诱导F₁茎段愈伤组织的适宜培养基;MS+2,4-D+6-BA+NAA+KT+CH为F₁茎段愈伤组织的适宜分化培养基;对分化后的胚性愈伤进行组织学观察,可见其表面形成许多瘤状突起,即胚性细胞团,它们可以继续发育形成体细胞胚,为快速得到数量较多的杂种F₁再生苗奠定基础。     

Advances in the Research and Application of Artificial Insemination to Equids in China: 1935–2012

China was one of the first countries to use artificial insemination (AI) in equids, and it achieved international recognition for its widespread application of AI to commercial horse breeding. This article reviews the history of equine AI in China. The technique originated from the high demand for horses to be used in agriculture, transportation, and the military. Artificial insemination was identified as an ideal tool for Chinese horse breeding to improve the productivity of native horses, especially during 1950-1970. Presently, AI is still practiced commonly in China, and it includes the use of fresh semen and transported cooled semen. The use of frozen semen has also been resumed to broaden the range of elite Sporthorse stallions and to preserve threatened or endangered native breeds. Accurate prediction of the optimum time for insemination depended mainly on transrectal palpation of the mare's ovaries. In addition to controlled methods of insemination, factors like volume and number of spermatozoa in the inseminate and timing and frequency of insemination were optimized to accomplish high fertility rates in the field. Production of hinnies and mules for agricultural labor and donkeys for meat and hide gelatin stimulated a nationwide upsurge of research into the reproductive physiology of and AI technology in donkeys. In the future, there will be further increases in the use of traditional and modern AI techniques in the breeding of Chinese equids.     

米糠水溶性多糖提取工艺的研究

通过单因素试验和L9(34)正交试验,研究水料比、提取温度、提取时间和乙醇浓度对多糖得率的影响。结果表明,乙醇浓度和提取温度是影响米糠水溶性多糖提取的主要因素,热水浸提的最佳工艺方案为水料比20∶1,提取温度110℃,提取时间4h,乙醇浓度95%,在此工艺条件下,米糠水溶性多糖的得率为0.92%。应用650W功率的微波对米糠进行预处理,然后采用最佳热水浸提工艺进行提取,结果表明,米糠经中火力的微波预处理4min再用热水浸提,多糖得率明显增加,达到1.33%。     

雄蚕杂交种的应用研究

总结了4年8个蚕期利用家蚕性连锁平衡致死第转育改良组配成的7对雄蚕杂交组合的饲养试验。结果表明雄蚕杂交种具有食桑省、叶丝转化率高、能够大幅度提高蚕出丝率、茧丝质量优异等优点，具有广阔的推广应用前景，对于改造提升传统蚕丝业具有重要意义。     

稻草与氨化稻草干物质采食量的模型化研究

本研究分别以稻草、氨化稻草为唯一能量和蛋白质来源,实测了山羊稻草、氨化稻草的干物质采食量(DMI),并借鉴现有成熟模型,建立了以稻草、氨化稻草的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)为预测因子的干物质采食量预测模型:DMI稻(g/d.kgMW)=30/NDF(%DM),DMI氨稻(g/d.kgMW)=39/NDF(%DM)。经验证,稻草、氨化稻草DMI预测模型的平均偏差(MD)分别为0.48g/d.kgMW与0.85g/d.kgMW,相应的平均预测方差(MSPE)为0.3599与1.0124。稻草与氨化稻草的MD、MSPE均很低,表明所建DMI预测模型精确可用。     

BP人工神经网络在家蚕杂交组合预测中的应用初探

利用前馈神经网络(BPANN)建立了家蚕杂种一代的6个经济性状的预测模型,通过验证得出,以双亲成绩作为输入神经元,利用BPANN模型预测杂种一代6个经济性状的平均预测误差均在5%左右。表明利用神经网络模型用来预测杂种一代成绩具有研究应用前景。     

坪床基质对兰引Ⅲ号结缕草根系生长及分布的影响

坪床结构对草坪草根系和草坪使用质量的影响很大。为探讨5种坪床基质对兰引Ⅲ号结缕草（Zoysia japonica ‘LanyinNo. III’）根系生长的影响,试验设计5种坪床基质：100% 纯砂（A）,砂：泥炭（85%：15%）（B）,砂：土（85%：15%）（C）,砂：土：泥炭（85%：7.5%：7.5%）（D）,100% 纯土（E）。结果表明：根长密度、根表面积密度随坪床深度的加深而减小,纯土坪床的上述根系指标显著小于砂基坪床;一级根在0～5 cm的根层中分布最多l而二级根在5～10 cm根层分布最多;3种砂质混合基质中,砂+泥炭混合基质好于砂+土和砂+土+泥炭2种混合基质。在土壤各层深度中,砂基坪床的根平均直径显著大于纯土坪床。纯砂坪床的地下生物量最大,而纯土坪床0～5 cm根层内根系生物量所占比例最大。综合分析认为,砂基坪床适合做运动场草坪,其中以砂与泥炭混合基质最好,纯土坪床则排水不良,不适宜做运动场草坪。     

Histology of two rice bodies isolated from the stifle of an adult draught horse stallion

In the human and equine species, different kinds of free floating intra-articular particles are related to certain disorders. Osteochondral fragments formed during osteochondrosis dissecans are the most common finding in the equine species, whereas in humans rice bodies due to rheumatoid arthritis are more frequent. Herein we report a third type of floating body inside the stifle of an adult draught horse stallion, in macroscopic appearance similar to articular rice bodies known in humans. As revealed by histologic examination, the two particles consist of polypoid degenerated structures derived from synovial villi. Their formation was probably induced by ischemia.