柳蚕异柠檬酸脱氢酶基因cDNA的克隆与表达分析

异柠檬酸脱氢酶(isocitrate dehydrogenase,IDH)是生物体内一种重要的氧化还原酶。根据已报道的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸异柠檬酸脱氢酶(NADP-IDH)基因的保守性序列设计引物,以柳蚕(Actias seleneHubner)蛹脂肪体cDNA为模板,经PCR扩增获得了柳蚕IDH基因的部分序列。该序列长1 269 bp,编码412个氨基酸,与家蚕IDH基因的cDNA序列同源性达82.5%。柳蚕IDH与果蝇、赤拟谷盗、斑马鱼、人、大鼠、库蚊、人体虱、恶性疟原虫IDH的氨基酸序列同源性在70%左右,具有较高的保守性。半定量PCR检测结果表明,柳蚕IDH基因在蛹期不同组织中均有表达,且表达量没有显著差异。     

Cross-amplification of EST-derived markers among 16 grass species

The availability of a large number of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) has facilitated the development of molecular markers in members of the grass family. As these markers are derived from coding sequences, cross-species amplification and transferability is higher than for markers designed from genomic DNA sequences. In this study, 919 EST-based primers developed from seven grass species were assessed for their amplification across a diverse panel of 16 grass species including cereal, turf and forage crops. Out of the 919 primers tested, 89 successfully amplified DNA from one or more species and 340 primers generated PCR amplicons from at least half of the species in the panel. Only 5.2% of the primers tested produced clear amplicons in all 16 species. The majority of the primers (66.9%) were developed from tall fescue and rice and these two species showed amplification rate of 41.6% and 19.0% across the panel, respectively. The highest amplification rate was found for conserved-intron scanning primers (CISP) developed from pearl millet (91%) and sorghum (75%) EST sequences that aligned to rice sequences. The primers with successful amplification identified in this study showed promise in other grass species as demonstrated in differentiating a set of 13 clones of reed canary grass, a species for which very little genomic research has been done. Sequences from the amplified PCR fragments indicated the potential for the transferable CISP markers for comparative mapping purposes. These primer sets can be immediately used for within and across species mapping and will be especially useful for minor grass species with few or no available molecular markers.     

太湖地区水耕人为土中漂白层的成因探讨

采集太湖地区4个具有漂白层的水耕人为土剖面(E-A1、E-A2、E-A3、E-A4)及1个发育于相同母质上的一般水耕人为土剖面作为参照(Ref),描述了土壤剖面的形态特征,分析了土壤颗粒组成、黏粒矿物组成、铁氧化物以及大量和微量元素等,并探讨了漂白层成因。5个剖面土壤颗粒组成以粉粒为主,在60%~75%之间,且剖面中各层次变异系数较小,小于10%;大量元素和微量元素在剖面各层次间变异系数也小于10%,指示漂白层与上覆和下伏土层发育在相似物质来源的土壤母质上;而E-A1剖面漂白层中较高的粉粒含量(75.04%)、较大的中细粉粒和中细粉粒/粗粉粒比值的变异系数(38.05%、61.85%)表明该剖面母质具有不均一性。说明E-A2、E-A3、E-A4、Ref剖面土壤性质的变化主要是由于成土作用形成的,而E-A1剖面土壤的性质变化除受成土作用影响外,还受沉积环境的影响。E-A2、E-A3、E-A4剖面的漂白层中蒙脱石和蛭石、粉粒和粗粉粒、SiO2、CaO、Zr等含量高于上下土层,而水云母和绿泥石、游离铁、Al2O3、Rb、Li、Ba、稀土元素(Rare earth element,REE)等则相反;同时,参照剖面亦有与E-A2、E-A3、E-A4剖面类似的特点,只是漂白作用出现在耕作层,不能定义为漂白层;而E-A1剖面的部分性质则显示出空间上的不一致性,其粉粒含量并非漂白层最高,而是随剖面土层深度向下越来越大。这些变异表明,太湖地区水耕人为土漂白层的形成,可以由黄土性泻湖相沉积物经过水耕过程中水分的周期性淹水和排干,通过机械淋洗和活性铁的淋溶而形成(剖面E-A2、E-A3、E-A4),也可以是母质沉积的过程中受湖水水面升降,导致机械淋溶,然后水耕过程叠加活性铁的淋溶而形成(剖面E-A1)。     

不同源性大肠杆菌多药耐药基因AcrA、AcrB部分基因的同源性分析

通过聚合聚链式反应从不同源性大肠杆菌的染色体DNA上扩增出大肠杆菌多药耐药基因AcrA,AcrB的部分片段，将该片段分别连接到克隆载体pMD-18T的BamHI,XhoI酶切位点中，测定插入片段的核苷酸序列，并分别推导出其氨基酸序列。序列分析表明，不同源性大肠杆菌的AcrA的部分基因的核苷酸序列及所推导的氨基酸序列与GeneBank中该基因序列的同源性较高；不同源性大肠杆菌的AcrB的部分基因的核苷酸序列的同源性较低。所推导的氨基酸序列与GeneBank中该基因序列的同源性较高。     

蒙古冰草Lea3抗旱基因片段的分离与鉴定

研究旨在利用同源序列法分离蒙古冰革抗旱基因同源片段。根据已知禾本科植物抗旱基因Lea第3组的保守区段设计一对简并引物,采用PCR方法对蒙古冰草幼苗的基因组DNA进行扩增。获得了1个蒙古冰草的抗旱基因Lea3基因片段,长度为497bp,包含124bp的非翻译区,共编码124个氨基酸。核苷酸序列分析表明,该序列与小麦抗旱基因LEA第3组的Wrad19同源性为93％,与小麦受ABA诱导的WRAB1基因同源性为93％;与一个来源于玉米mRNA的逆境胁迫基因克隆9124同源性为96％;与大麦受ABA诱导的pHVA1基因同源性为94％;与大麦HVA1基因同源性为91％。Southern杂交表明该基因在蒙古冰草基因组中以基因家族形式存在。     

玉屏油茶炭疽病病原菌鉴定及同源性分析

油茶是贵州玉屏脱贫致富的重要产业,但近年来,炭疽病危害日益严重。为了防治油茶炭疽病,本研究采用林间病情观察、科赫氏法则验证、形态学鉴定及多基因分子鉴定的方法,对分离的3株炭疽病病原菌进行了系统鉴定。在ITS-CAL-GADPH 3基因所构建的系统发育树中,3株病原菌与ICMP10643*、ICMP-10646*两炭疽属模式菌株聚为一个独立的进化枝且置信度为99%,结合其形态特征,将其鉴定为山茶炭疽菌(Colletotrichum camelliae)。依据林间观察结果与玉屏油茶的生长发育规律,提出了防治油茶炭疽病的关键时间。玉屏油茶炭疽病种类的分子鉴定可为抗病种质的分子育种及该病的防治提供科学依据。     

抗黄瓜花叶病毒RNAi载体的构建及烟草的转化

[目的]构建抗黄瓜花叶病毒RNAi载体,并将载体转入烟草.[方法]采用RT-PCR方法,扩增黄瓜花叶病毒NS04加工番茄分离物的RNA2基因组的序列选取CMV RAN2基因组中的复制酶片段作为靶序列,构建pBi35SCR2真核表达载体,并对表达载体时行鉴定;通过农杆菌介导的方法将表达载体转入烟草,用PCR的方法检测载体是否转入.[结果]系统进化树分析结果表明,RNA2中编码CMV-2a的序列与中国浙江的DQ412731 分离物有较高核苷本乡酸及氨基酸同源性,分别达到98.0%和96.5%;RCR结果表明,试验成功构建了pBi35SCR2真核表达载体,并成功将表达载体转入烟草[结论]试验获得的转基因烟草可作为后期攻毒试验的材料,并为研究加工番茄抗黄瓜花叶病毒奠定了基础. Abstract： [Objective] Aimed to construct RNAi vector resistant to cucumber mosaic virus and transferred this vector into tobacco.[Method]RT-PCR method was used to amplify cucumber mosaic virus NSO4 and process RNA2 gene sequen of tomato isolates.The analysis results of phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the sequence in RNA2 encoded CMV-2a had 98.0% and 96.5% homology with nucleotide and amino acid of DQ412731 isolate of Zhejiang,China.The replicase fragment in CMV RAN2 gene was taken as target sequence to construct pBi35SCR2 eukaryotic expression vector,then the expression vector was identified.Through agrobacterium-mediated method,the expression vector was transferred into tabacco and PCR method was used to check the transfer.The PCR results demonstrated that the experiment had successfully construct eukaryotic expression vector of pBi35SCR2 and the expression vector was successfully transferred into tabacco. [Conclusion] The obtained transgenic tobacco could be used as challenge test material in following experiment and provided foundation for studying processing tomato resist cucumber mosaic virus.     

黑曲霉内切β-木聚糖酶三维结构模建及分子进化分析

内切β-木聚糖酶是一类木聚糖降解酶,对黑曲霉来源的内切β-木聚糖酶核酸序列进行序列比对,构建进化树;采用同源模建方法模建内切β-木聚糖酶的三级结构,并预测内切β-木聚糖酶的二级结构。进化树将内切β-木聚糖酶分成3个组：第1组和第2组的3-D结构相似,而第3组的3-D结构和前2者差别较大。第1组合有1个α-螺旋和13个β-折叠二级结构,二硫键位于Cysf119和Cysm之间;第2组合有1个α-螺旋和13个β-折叠二级结构;第3组合有13个α-螺旋、3个3,10-螺旋和9个β-折叠二级结构,二硫键位于Cys281和cys287之间,而且第3组还含有一个复杂的β-α-β结构域。该研究为黑曲霉内切β-木聚糖酶的结构,功能和蛋白质工程研究提供了一定的理论基础。     

瓜类枯萎病拮抗放线菌T8-41的鉴定

[目的]为阐明1株拮抗放线菌菌株的分类地位提供依据。[方法]以从东北地区蔬菜保护地土壤中分离的1株拮抗放线菌菌株T8-41为试材,分析其形态和培养特征、细胞壁成分和生理生化特性。经PCR扩增后,对其与相关菌株的16S rDNA进行同源性分析和聚类分析。[结果]拮抗菌株T8-41属于典型的链霉菌属菌丝形态。其细胞壁中含有L-DAP和甘氨酸,细胞壁类型为I型。该菌可利用D-木糖、L-鼠李糖、D-果糖、蔗糖、棉子糖、葡萄糖、D-甘露醇和肌醇,但不利用乳糖。可以初步鉴定为绿产色链霉菌。T8-41菌株的16SrDNA全长为1 465 bp,与绿产色链霉菌相似性达99%。[结论]链霉菌T8-41属于青色类群的绿产色链霉菌,可将其定名为绿产色链霉菌T8-41(S.viridochromogenes T8-41)。     

显性白毛调控基因(KIT)与绵羊毛色关系的初探

[目的]研究显性白毛调控基因K／T与绵羊毛色的关系。[方法]应用RT-PCR技术克隆绵羊显性白位点基因KIT的exon2。并将exon2编码的氨基酸序列与其他动物进行同源性比较。[结果]绵羊Ⅺ丁基因exon2eDNA长271bp,编码86个氨基酸;同源性比较结果表明,绵羊与黄牛、水牛和山羊的同源性较高,迭98％～100％,而与马、狗、猪、猫等同源性仅为81％一88％。[结论]该研究结果为加快绵羊育种进展提供了理论依据。