狐和貉源大肠埃希菌药敏试验及耐药基因检测

为了解秦皇岛昌黎县狐和貉源致病性大肠埃希菌耐药性及耐药基因的情况,以昌黎县分离的15株狐和貉源致病性大肠埃希菌为试验菌株,采用药敏纸片法对抗菌药物进行药敏试验,并对四环素类耐药基因tetA、tetB、tetC、tetD,氨基糖苷类耐药基因strA-strB、aadA1,磺胺类耐药基因sul1、sul2、sul3进行PCR检测。结果显示,15株大肠埃希菌分离菌株对土霉素、多西环素、头孢拉定、新霉素、青霉素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶的耐药率均为100%;对阿莫西林、庆大霉素、头孢曲松、阿米卡星、大观霉素、链霉素、复方新诺明、氨苄西林、环丙沙星耐药率分别为93.33%、53.33%、33.33%、73.33%、86.66%、86.66%、86.66%、66.67%和66.67%。9种耐药基因tetA、tetB、tetC、tetD、strA-strB、aadA1、sul1、sul2、sul3的检出率分别为0、46.67%、26.67%、13.33%、40%、100%、53.33%、46.67%和53.33%,其中四环素类耐药基因以tetB的检出率最高,氨基糖苷类耐药基因以aadA1的检出率最高,磺胺类耐药基因的检出率相差不大。说明15株狐和貉源大肠埃希菌耐药谱广,耐药性高,耐药基因流行普遍。     

Study on Developmental Expression of ApoCⅡ Gene mRNA in Liver Tissues of Pigs

The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental patterns of ApoCⅡ gene mRNA in liver in Mashen and Large White pigs, and study the relationship between the expression level of ApoCⅡ and the lipid metabolism in pigs.The mRNA relative expressions of ApoCⅡ gene in liver at seven stages of 1,30,60,90,120,150,and 180-day old in Mashen and Large White pigs were determined by quantitative Real-time PCR.The results showed that the developmental trend of ApoCⅡ mRNA expression in liver between Mashen and Large White pigs was different.The ApoCⅡ mRNA abundance was decreased from birth to 60-day old,then increased at 90-day old,and decreased again after that in Mashen pig.However,the relative expression amount in Large White pig was gradually decreased from birth to 150-day old and increased again at 180-day old.Except for the ApoCⅡ mRNA expression amount at 1-day old,the differences of the expression amount at other stages in Mashen and Large White pigs were significant or extremely significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The ApoCⅡ mRNA expression in liver was affected by age and breed,and could play an important role in lipid metabolism in pigs.     

Identification of Neofabraea species causing bull's eye rot of apple in Poland and their direct detection in apple fruit using multiplex PCR

Based on partial sequence analysis of the β‐tubulin gene, 19 isolates of fungi causing bull's eye rot on apple in Poland were classified into species: Neofabraea alba, N. perennans and N. kienholzii. To the authors’ knowledge, the detection of N. kienholzii is the second in Europe and the first in Poland. Species affiliation of these fungi was confirmed by a new species‐specific multiplex PCR assay developed on the basis of previously published methods. The new protocol allowed for the specific identification of bull's eye rot‐causing species, both from pure cultures and directly from the skin of diseased or apparently healthy apples. In 550 samples of diseased fruits collected from nine cold storage rooms located in three regions of Poland, in 2011 and 2012, N. alba was detected as the predominant species causing bull's eye rot, occurring on average in 94% of the tested samples. Neofabraea perennans was found in a minority of apple samples, N. kienholzii was found only in two apple samples, while N. malicorticis was not detected in any sample tested. In tests on 120 apparently healthy fruits, only N. perennans was detected in a single sample. The results of genetic diversity analyses of bull's eye rot‐causing fungi based on the β‐tubulin gene sequence and an ISSR (inter‐simple sequence repeat) PCR assay with two primers were consistent, showing the expected segregation of tested isolates with respect to their species boundaries. However, the genetic distance between N. perennans and N. malicorticis was very low, as reported previously.     

番茄单性结实研究进展

对番茄单性结实资源、评价鉴定方法、子房内源激素水平、分子机制及新品种选育等的研究现状进行了综述,尤其对近几年分子水平的最新研究进行了评述,对今后这一领域的研究做了展望。     

基于转录组的疏花软紫草低拷贝核基因引物开发

基于高通量的转录组测序,为大量并快速的开发分子标记提供契机。本研究对紫草科植物疏花软紫草进行转录组测序,共得到92042086条reads,从疏花软紫草158446个Unigene中搜索到332个低拷贝核基因。为进行多态性验证,从中随机挑选30个设计引物,并对3个疏花软紫草种群共9个个体进行PCR扩增,结果发现其中16对引物能够扩增出单一稳定的目的条带,从中随机挑选7个片段进行群体测序并计算DNA多态性。结果表明,7对引物的多态性位点平均值为657,单倍型平均值为514,单倍型多态性 （HD） 在0389~0944之间,核苷酸多态性 （Pi） 为000148~001723。通过转录组测序技术开发的低拷贝核基因有较高的多态性,且可以有效地运用于群体遗传学和谱系地理学研究中。另外,这些低拷贝核基因能够被运用于软紫草属植物系统发育重建以及物种形成等研究工作中。     

不同植被恢复模式下呼伦贝尔沙地土壤反硝化细菌nirK基因组成结构和多样性研究

本研究选取呼伦贝尔沙地5种植被恢复模式(单播冰草、单播羊柴、单播柠条、冰草+柠条和冰草+柠条+羊柴+披碱草)为研究对象,以完全退化的沙地为对照,采用分子生物学技术分析了土壤反硝化细菌nirK基因组成结构和多样性,并探讨了与土壤理化因子的相关性。结果表明,土壤反硝化细菌nirK基因组成存在明显差异。单播羊柴模式土壤反硝化细菌nirK基因多样性指数最高,其次为单播冰草和单播柠条,而两种混播模式最低,这5种植被恢复模式均显著高于对照裸地。序列和系统发育分析结果表明,所获得的nirK基因片段与NCBI数据库中的nirK基因的相似度在81%99%之间,分别归属于苍白杆菌属、根瘤菌属及不可培养的细菌,其中与不可培养细菌相关的片段占到总数的50%以上。典范对应和相关分析结果表明,速效磷、pH、全氮、全磷和含水量对反硝化细菌的影响均达到显著水平,且5种理化因子间均具有极显著相关性,说明这5种理化因子相互关联,共同对反硝化细菌nirK基因组成变化起到决定作用。     

延黄牛ALDH1A1基因CDS序列克隆及其在各组织中的表达差异研究

为探索乙醛脱氢酶1A1(acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1,ALDH1A1)基因功能,本试验以16月龄延黄牛母牛为研究对象,屠宰后采集心脏、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃、十二指肠、皮下脂肪和背最长肌,提取总RNA。根据GenBank上公布的牛ALDH1A1基因mRNA序列(登录号:NM_174239.2),利用Oligo 7.0软件设计引物,应用RTPCR扩增ALDH1A1基因,将扩增产物连接pMD18-T载体进行克隆测序,获得延黄牛ALDH1A1基因完整CDS序列,应用生物信息学软件分析核苷酸序列及其蛋白结构。以延黄牛不同组织总RNA为模板,通过实时荧光定量PCR技术检测ALDH1A1基因在延黄牛各组织间的表达差异。结果显示,ALDH1A1基因CDS序列全长1 506bp,编码501个氨基酸;延黄牛ALDH1A1基因序列与野牛、牛的同源性最高(≥99.7%),与猫和豹的同源性分别为89.4%和89.6%,符合物种进化规律。ALDH1A1蛋白分子质量为54.805ku,理论等电点为7.16,亲水性较强,占86.4%,酸性氨基酸和碱性氨基酸分别占11.4%和12.2%,属于可溶性蛋白,但不是分泌性蛋白,无典型信号肽切割位点;存在31个氨基酸磷酸化位点(分值>0.5)。延黄牛ALDH1A1蛋白二级结构含有α-螺旋、延伸链、β-转角和无规则卷曲,分别占42.12%、16.17%、8.18%和33.53%,与该蛋白三级结构预测结果相同。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,ALDH1A1基因在延黄牛肝脏、胃、皮下脂肪、十二指肠和肾脏组织中极显著表达(P<0.01);在背最长肌中显著表达(P<0.05)。本试验结果为进一步开展延黄牛ALDH1A1基因功能及肉质基因筛选研究提供了参考依据。     

广西片形吸虫中间宿主—小土窝螺线粒体rrnL基因遗传多态性研究

为研究广西小土窝螺不同地理株线粒体大亚基（large subunit ribosomal rRNA,rrnL）基因的遗传多态性,对广西大片吸虫6个流行地区96个小土窝螺样品的rrnL基因进行PCR扩增,通过单链构象多态性（single strand conformation polymorphism,SSCP）技术筛选出具有代表性的样品进行克隆、测序,并用DNAStar 5.0及MEGA 4.0软件加以比对分析。结果显示,6个地区小土窝螺rrnL基因PCR扩增长度约500 bp,在长度为273 bp的序列中检测到15个变异位点,占核苷酸总数的5.49%。百色、南宁和桂林3个地区相同地理株间存在较大的遗传差异。种系发育分析表明,线粒体rrnL基因在一定程度上不是研究小土窝螺种群遗传变异的良好分子标记。本研究为阐明片形吸虫中间宿主—小土窝螺的种群遗传关系提供了基础数据。     

链孢粘帚霉寄生核盘菌菌核差异表达基因的筛选及分析

为克隆和研究链孢粘帚霉Gliocladium catenulatum寄生核盘菌菌核的相关基因,应用抑制消减杂交技术构建了cDNA消减文库并进行了筛选。通过PCR技术从文库中共筛选到1315个阳性克隆,克隆中插入片段大小主要集中于300～600bp之间。随机挑取120个克隆,经测序和同源性分析,获得60条有效序列,其中部分序列所编码的血红素加氧酶、核糖体蛋白L11、细胞色素P450及热激蛋白等均参与机体对胁迫条件的应答反应。11条序列在NCBI数据库中未找到显著匹配的序列,可能为新基因片段。分别将寄生于核盘菌菌核上的粘帚霉cDNA和粘帚霉与核盘菌纯培养的cDNA混合物经RasⅠ酶切后进行标记作为探针,利用反向Northern杂交技术验证了所选取的25条序列全部为差异表达基因片段。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌cry基因在大肠杆菌中表达产物和生物活性

研究了几种Bt cry基因于大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中表达产物在pH 10.0的50mmol/L碳酸钠和20mmol/L乙醇胺溶解液中的溶解性 ,发现同样的Cry蛋白在碳酸钠中的溶解度大于乙醇胺。通过胰蛋白酶消化 ,明确Cry1Ca7、Cry1Ia8酶解产物为 38kD多肽 ;Cry1Ie1、Cry1Cb2、Cry2Ab4酶解产物为 41kD多肽 ;Cry1Ac酶解产物为60kD多肽。采用FPLC层析方法对 6种原毒素及其酶解后得到的毒素多肽进行了分离纯化 ,比较了原毒素和毒素的杀虫活性的差异。其结果表明 ,Cry1Ac的原毒素和毒素对棉铃虫初孵幼虫的校正死亡率均为 100% ,Cry2Ab4的原毒素的毒力高于其酶解毒素。