银条不定芽诱导及高效增殖体系的建立

以"二细一粗"银条茎尖、叶片、茎段组织为外植体,研究了不同激素配比对其不定芽诱导与增殖效果的影响。结果表明,银条叶片组织未能再生;茎尖、茎段组织直接诱导较大不定芽的再生率较低,平均每个外植体最多可诱导不定芽5～7个。而通过茎段先诱导出不定芽芽团,再进行芽的伸长这一途径,每个外植体诱导的不定芽数平均可提高到14.3个,且芽团经5次继代后,增殖再生能力无衰退表现,且再生植株生产潜力非常巨大,是一条较优的再生途径。茎段不定芽芽团诱导培养基以添加6-BA5.0mg/L的MS培养基效果较好;增殖培养基以MS+6-BA4.5mg/L+GA31.0mg/L效果较好;不定芽伸长培养基以MS+6-BA1.5mg/L+NAA0.4mg/L+GA30.5mg/L较好。     

银条多糖提取工艺的研究

银条风味独特,营养丰富,含有多种活性成分,是近年来在药用和保健食品开发利用方面前景十分广阔的植物。对银条的常规成分和活性多糖进行了初步的提取测定和分析。     

羧甲基壳聚糖复合涂膜的银条保鲜效果研究

以壳聚糖为原料制取了羧甲基壳聚糖,并以羧甲基壳聚糖作为主要成分研制了一种涂膜剂。研究了该涂膜剂用于银条的保鲜效果。考察了涂膜银条在贮藏过程中的硬度、腐烂度、表皮颜色、失重率、VC和还原糖含量等的变化。实验结果表明,羧甲基壳聚糖涂膜剂用于银条的保鲜效果良好,能够较长地延长银条的贮藏期。     

Effects of single and combined microalgae on larval growth, development and survival of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera Theel

The results of the study on the suitable algal feed for the mass rearing of holothurian larvae through hatchery system are presented. Auricularia larvae, after 48 h of fertilization, obtained from induced spawning of Holothuria spinifera, were fed with different algae Isochrysis galbana, Nanochloropsis salina, Pavlova lutheri, Tetraselmis chuii and Chaetoceros calcitrans as well as I. galbana+C. calcitrans to ascertain the effect of single and combined microalgal diet. The rate of feeding was 2 × 10⁴ cells larvae^–1 day^–1 for a period of 9–12 days. The growth rate of 59 μm day⁻¹ with 90% and 43 μm day⁻¹ with 100% occurrence of late auricularia in the larvae fed with C. calcitrans alone and I. galbana+C. calcitrans, respectively, indicated that C.calcitrans itself or in combination with I. galbana is the effective feed for the larvae of H. spinifera.     

银条根茎离体诱导

 在无诱导剂的培养基上, 低于4%的蔗糖不能刺激银条(Stachys floridana Schuttl. ex Benth. )产生根茎; 而10%蔗糖的诱导效果在MB和MS培养基间无显著差异。葡萄糖(10% ) 比同浓度蔗糖能显著提高试管根茎数, 但不引起总鲜样质量的增加。每个银条植株在含4%蔗糖的MS培养基附加8.0 mg·L ^{- 1} 6-BA和10 mg·L ^{- 1} SA中可诱导产生质量0.45 g的根茎3.33个, 显著优于其它组合。根茎经流式细胞仪检测没有发生倍性变化。     

海南岛糙海参性腺发育的组织学特征

对中国海南岛糙海参(Holothuria scabra)的性腺发育过程进行了组织学观察。结果表明,海南糙海参的性腺发育可分为恢复期(Ⅰ期)、增长期(Ⅱ期)、成熟期(Ⅲ期)、部分排放期(Ⅳ期)、排空期(Ⅴ期)共5个时期。1)精巢发育特征:Ⅰ期,生殖上皮出现精原细胞和精母细胞,生殖管壁最厚;Ⅱ期,生殖管上皮变薄,褶皱往管腔中延伸;Ⅲ期,成熟精子充满整个生殖管;Ⅳ期,生殖上皮恢复褶皱形态;Ⅴ期,生殖管中剩余少量残留精子。2)卵巢发育特征:Ⅰ期,在生殖上皮附近附着卵原细胞和卵黄发生前期卵母细胞;Ⅱ期,大量卵黄发生时期卵母细胞与卵原细胞及卵黄发生前期卵母细胞共存于生殖管中;Ⅲ期,卵黄发生时期卵母细胞充满生殖管;Ⅳ期,在生殖上皮附近重新出现卵黄发生前卵母细胞,生殖管腔中出现营养性吞噬细胞;Ⅴ期,生殖管腔残留少数卵细胞。     

白沙参(斯里兰卡)人工繁育关键技术研究

研究了白沙参的人工繁育受精的时间及各发育期完成发育的时间.确定角毛藻是其浮游幼虫期的主要饵料.发育成稚参后前5 d,开始施肥培育池壁上生长的底柄硅藻,在变为稚参10 d后投喂海藻磨碎液.发现桡足类的影响使稚参存活率、收获密度显著降低.     

Seagrass debris as potential food source to enhance Holothuria arguinensis' growth in aquaculture

Holothuria arguinensis aquaculture started to be developed in 2014, being the first sea cucumber species from Europe. However, some aspects of its aquaculture biotechnology, such diets, need to be assessed. This work aimed to evaluate seagrass debris of Zostera noltii and Cymodocea nodosa as food source for broodstock maintenance in tanks, during breeding periods. The given feed rations per tank were calculated as the 30% of the total sea cucumber biomass in each tank and reviewed each week. Then, feed rations of seagrass and sediment were calculated from this value, according to the following percentages: 40% sediment, 15% Z. noltii, 40% Z. noltii, 15% C. nodosa and 40% C. nodosa. H. arguinensis growth, feeding rate and nutritional value were assessed under these diets. H. arguinensis fed with 40% of Z. noltii showed the highest growth (specific growth rate = 0.09 ± 0.06%/day, absolute growth rate = 0.11 ± 0.07 g/day) increasing their final weight in 5.86 ± 3.57% in 57 days. However, the individuals fed with C. nodosa showed a negative growth. H. arguinensis showed a reduction in its feeding rate as the organic matter content in the diets increased. H. arguinensis did not show any important change on proximate composition, protein, lipid, mineral contents and fatty acids profile among the feeding groups, or in comparison with the individuals collected from wild habitat. Therefore, H. arguinensis could be fed with Z. noltii debris during tanks maintenance along breeding period, ensuring its growth and maintaining its nutritional profile.     

Apparent digestibility coefficient of nutrients from shrimp,mussel, diatom and seaweed by juvenile Holothuria scabra Jaeger

The ability of Holothuria scabra to digest nutrients, such as organic matter (OM), protein and carbohydrate from animal and plant feed ingredients was investigated. Four test feeds prepared by mixing sand with single ingredients from animal sources (shrimp and mussel) and plant sources (diatom and seaweed) were fed to H. scabra to estimate apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC). The total assimilated nutrient (TAN) increased with ADC, whereas ingestion rate (IR) varied slightly among the feeds suggesting that ADC might be a good indicator of nutrient availability to H. scabra. The ADC_OM of shrimp and mussel was significantly higher than that diatom and seaweed: 86.2%, 77.1%, 55.1% and 32.3% respectively. ADC_protein was similar for shrimp (88.7%), mussel (84.8%) and diatom (75.2%), but significantly lower in seaweed (34.4%). ADC_carbohydrate was similar in mussel (58.5%) and diatom (58.3%) as well as in seaweed (31.6) and shrimp (28.0%). ADC_protein was relatively higher than ADC_carbohydrate suggesting that H. scabra generally digests more protein than carbohydrate. Furthermore, results indicated that nutrients from animal‐based feeds are more efficiently digested by H. scabra; thus, animal ingredients rich in easily digestible protein could potentially provide an efficiently balanced diet for H. scabra fed with diatom containing high easily digestible carbohydrate.     

Chemical and Nutritional Characteristics of Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1788); A Seasonally Comparative Study

Sea cucumbers belonging to the Holothuroidea class are a group of worm-like and soft-bodied echinoderms that live in nearly all marine environments. Mediterranean Holothuria tubulosa is an economic sea cucumber species found in Turkish seas. This study aimed to present the first report of detailed amino acid profile and investigate the biochemical and nutritional characteristics of H. tubulosa seasonally collected from one of the densest natural beds, located at Çanakkale Strait (Southern Coast of Marmara Sea), Turkey. According to our results, the highest protein, lipid, and ash contents (%) were found to be 10.2, 1.9, and 5.1, respectively. The highest percentages of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 42.9, 28.3, and 37.8, respectively. Total amino acids (mg/g crude protein) ranged between 867.2 and 974.0 among all seasons. All essential amino acids were found in body wall tissues and ranged between 7.1 and 5.9. Mineral composition was found to be desirable at the recommended and threshold levels. In general, the proximate composition of H. tubulosa was directly affected by seasons (p < .05); however, amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral compositions were found to be similar among all seasons, except summer (p > .05).