谷朊粉对白鲢鱼鱼糜制品凝胶特性的影响

通过测定不同加热方式下谷朊粉的添加量对鱼糜制品凝胶强度、持水性、白度以及凝胶溶解率的变化来评价鱼糜制品的品质,结果表明随着谷朊粉添加量的增加,鱼糜制品的凝胶强度逐渐增大,持水性逐渐增强,白度逐渐下降,蛋白溶解率也逐渐下降.综合以上各因素指标以及添加谷朊粉的生产成本考虑,认为当谷朊粉添加量为5%时,既能很好的保持鱼糜制品的弹性和感官,又能节约生产成本.     

覆膜对强筋专用春小麦津强1号产量和商品品质的影响

通过对强筋面包专用春小麦津强1号播种后覆膜、出苗后7d揭膜和出苗后14d揭膜2个处理的小区产量、子粒体积质量、子粒千粒质量的测定,初步得知,对于津强1号,在播种后覆膜可显著提高子粒体积质量、千粒质量和产量,并且出苗后揭膜时间不同,增产效果不同。     

强筋小麦综合农艺措施与产量及品质关系研究

采用五因素二次正交旋转组合设计方法,研究了强筋小麦不同种植密度、种肥N、种肥P2O5、种肥K2O、追肥N等5项农艺措施与产量和品质的关系,建立了产量、粗蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值等4个目标性状的教学模型。采用“贡献率法”求得产量、品质等4个目标性状的各因素贡献率大小依次为：追肥N〉密度〉种肥N〉种肥P2O5〉种肥K2O。并分析了各单项因子效应和因子阀的互作效应。明确了实现7500kg／hm^2以上产量水平,品质指标迭国家强筋小麦二级以上标准的最佳农艺措施方案为：基本苗638．7万～658．35万苗／hm2,种肥氮（N）量17．20～18．38kg／hm ^2,种肥磷（P2O5）量107．04～117．96kg／hm^2,肥钾（K2O）量88．69～94．73kg／hm^2。追肥氮（N）量171．42～179．04kg／hm。。     

谷朊粉对冷冻面团的流变学性质及发酵能力的影响

探讨了添加不同比例的谷朊粉,对冷冻面团流变学特性及发酵能力的影响。结果表明,添加谷朊粉可以优化冷冻面团的流变学特性,改善冷冻面团的质量,谷朊粉添加量为2％时,冷冻面团的质量最优。谷朊粉还提高了冷冻面团的产气力,改善了冷冻面团的发酵能力,谷朊粉添加量为1％时,冷冻面团的发酵能力最高。     

新疆小麦品种(系)高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基遗传多样性分析

[目的]更好的了解和有效利用新疆选育的小麦种质材料.[方法]采用SDS-PAGE技术对88份小麦育成品种与自育品系的高分子量麦谷白亚基(HMW-GS)组成进行了分析.[结果]参试材料中共有15种HMW-GS类型,Glu-A1位点上有、1和2~*,以亚基为主要类型(占57.96; );Giu-B1位点上有7+9、7+8、6+8、14+15、17+18、7、8和20八种类型,以7+9和7+8为主要亚基类型(分别占45.46;和39.77;);Glu-D1位点上有5+10、2+12、3+12和2+11四种类型,其中2+12亚基的频率高达59.09;;88份小麦品种(系)的亚基组合类型共有25种,其中主要亚基组合为”,7+8,2+12",占17.05; .通过对比新疆育成小麦品种和自育品系的优质亚基出现频率发现,品系中优质亚基1、14+15和5+10出现频率较育成品种有所增长,2~*、7+8、17+18优质亚基的出现频率下降.在参试材料中,32个含有5+10优质亚基,有21个含有1亚基,6个含2~*亚基,1个含14+15亚基,1个含17+18亚基,并有两个材料检测出优质亚基组合类型(”2~*、17+18、5+10",”1、7+8、5+10").[结论]这些优异种质资源可供优质小麦育种利用.     

Evaluation of feed utilization and growth performance of juvenile striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fed diets with varying inclusion levels of corn gluten meal

A nutrition trial with striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) juveniles was undertaken to evaluate the effect of replacing dietary fishmeal (FM) protein with corn gluten meal (CGM). A diet with FM as the main protein source was used as the control diet (FM). Five experimental diets (approximately 320 g kg^?1 crude protein) were formulated to progressively replace 20% (CGM20), 40% (CGM40), 60% (CGM60), 80% (CGM80) and 100% (CGM100) of FM protein. Fifteen fish per tank (initial weight 11.2 ± 0.6 g) were randomly distributed into 18 80‐litre fibreglass tanks connected to a closed recirculation system (temperature 30.3 ± 1.0 °C). The diets were tested in triplicate for 12 weeks. The final weight and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed diets CGM20, CGM40 and CGM60 were not significantly different compared to fish fed the FM diet. Feed intake (FI) tended to decrease with increasing dietary CGM level. Striped catfish fed FM, CGM20 and CGM40 had significantly lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with fish fed CGM80 and CGM100 (P < 0.05). The protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed the CGM80 and CGM100 diets was significantly lower than those of all other treatments (P < 0.05). Total ammonia‐nitrogen (TAN) excretion increased with elevated dietary CGM inclusion. The viscerosomatic index (VSI) of fish fed the CGM80 and CGM100 diets were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of fish fed the other treatments. The crude lipid content in the final body composition of the striped catfish was elevated significantly with increasing dietary CGM levels. Fish fed the CGM80 and CGM100 diets displayed haematocrit levels significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those fed the other diets. The haemoglobin content in fish was significantly higher in fish fed CGM20 and lower at CGM100 compared to fish fed the FM diet. The results of the present trial indicated that the optimum level of FM protein replacement with CGM determined by quadratic regression analysis was 25.1% on the basis of maximum SGR.     

Production of Biscuit from Chinese Sturgeon Fish Fillet Powder (Acipeneser sinensis): A Snack Food for Children

ABSTRACT

Malnutrition in children is a current global burden. A common snack for children is biscuits prepared from cereals. However, these types of biscuits have low protein content. Therefore, producing healthier biscuits enriched with essential amino acids (EAAs) and other micronutrients is of great interest to researchers and manufacturers. In this study, biscuits produced from low gluten wheat flour fortified with sturgeon fillet powder (SFP) in various mixing ratios (100:0, 95:5, 93:7, and 90:10, respectively) were investigated. The results revealed that the nutritional and proximate composition of biscuits were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved: moisture (6.77 ± 0.06–7.65 ± 0.06), protein (13.23 ± 0.35–17.12 ± 0.02), fat (15.57 ± 0.18–15.85 ± 0.25), ash (0.84 ± 0.07–0.92 ± 0.06), spread ratio (14.0 ± 0.92–14.33 ± 0.21), and hardness (2,057.90 ± 28.33–3,089.02 ± 51.53). Total amino acids were 6.91, 9.34, 10.32, and 10.58; and EAAs were 2.43, 3.97, 4.48, and 4.22 g/100 g for 0%, 5%, 7%, and 10% SFP, respectively. Leucine was the major amino acid with 5% and 10% SFP, while methionine was the major amino acid with 7% SFP. Fungal counts were not observed, and quality indices were below the maximum acceptable limits in the products. Biscuits supplemented with 7% SFP showed the highest sensory evaluation score. Overall, the inclusion of 7% SFP could produce protein enriched cereal-based fortified biscuits with acceptable sensory and quality attributes and ultimately could insure effective fish utilization and solve malnutrition problems.     

氮素对中筋小麦扬麦10号淀粉合成特性的影响

[目的]了解氮素运筹对中筋小麦淀粉合成调控的效应,为专用小麦优质、高产、高效栽培提供措施依据。[方法]以优质中筋小麦扬麦10号为材料,测定不同氮素运筹下小麦籽粒中淀粉含量以及小麦面粉的黏度特性。[结果]低氯水平下,直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉含量、积累量和积累速率均呈上升趋势;氮肥施用后移,直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉含量下降,但积累量和积累速率上升。[结论]中筋小麦栽培应降低总氮肥施用量,控制中后期施氮量并使氮肥后移。     

Glu-D1位点亚基缺失弱筋小麦新种质的创制及其品质分析

辐射诱变是一种重要的变异手段,为了丰富小麦的品质性状变异资源,通过采用60Co-?射线辐射普通小麦品种‘冀3235’幼胚愈伤组织的方法,获得辐射诱变处理的再生植株。对再生株后代种子进行麦谷蛋白亚基的SDS-PAGE分析,结果从中发现了不含Glu-D1位点编码的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的材料。经进一步的系谱选择,选育成了稳定遗传的7份材料。与对照‘冀3235’相比,这些株系的农艺性状无明显差异,醇溶蛋白A-PAGE电泳谱带也完全相同,仅在麦谷蛋白SDS-PAGE电泳图谱的Glu-D1位点上有差异（变异系缺少Glu-D1位点控制的亚基,对照‘冀3235’为2+12）。品质分析结果表明,Glu-D1位点缺失系的面粉品质发生了很大变化,其湿面筋没有检出,沉降值显著下降。这些变异系是培育弱筋小麦品种和评价Glu-D1位点功能的珍贵材料。