中国发展现代农业的对策选择

中国加入WTO后农业产业发展面临一个全新的国际环境。论述了发展现代农业的特征、分析了制约中国发展现代农业的症结因素,并提出了创新农业知识,建立现代农业科技体系,发展农业科技企业与农业产业化,将农业科技推向广度、深度,提高农民素质,培养知识型农民,优化生态系统,倡导持续、标准化农业和重视国际农业科技交流与合作等五个方面的对策选择。     

建设现代农业 推进农业科技创新与体制改革

农业科技在现代农业建设的过程中发挥着重要作用。介绍了新时期现代农业的内涵和主要特点,指出农业科技创新是现代农业发展的强大支撑,农业科技体制改革是现代农业发展和服务"三农"的需要。     

控释肥对玉米高产的应用效应研究进展

从农业肥料资源应用的节本增效的概念出发,综述了控释肥料对不同作物的应用研究现状,讨论了控释肥料研究应用于玉米高产的重要性和必要性,并提出了下一步需要研究的问题。     

现代农业内涵、特征及发展趋势

现代农业是基于现代产业组织和现代涉农产业系统的培育与完善,横跨一、二、三产业的涉农经济体系,与发达国家农业总产值中占有重要比重的涉农产业(Agribusiness)相当。在科学界定现代农业概念与内涵的基础上,梳理国际涉农产业发展的实践与发展趋势,具有积极的理论和现实意义。     

福建省“猪—沼—果”生态模式技术应用

“猪—沼—果”生态模式是生态农业建设的重要内容，同时也是治理农村散户养殖与规模化畜禽养殖场粪便污染的重要措施之一。根据福建省资源、气候特点，阐述和分析了“猪—沼—果”生态模式的分类、特点、应用及相关技术。     

现代农业科技示范园规划理论与实践研究——以山东泰山苗木花卉科技示范园为例

农业科技示范园作为农业产业调整中重要的组成部分,在产业调整中发挥着越来越重要的作用,以山东泰山苗木花卉科技示范园为例,通过在示范园区的规划设计中多学科的交叉与融合,从多个角度分析、研究现代农业科技示范园区规划设计的理论与方法,与传统农业示范园规划设计相比较,使现代农业科技示范园的内涵更能适应现代化农业发展的需要,使其自身功能结构和空间布局更加完善,产生更大经济、生态、社会效益,最终实现园区的自我维持和可持续发展。     

吕梁农业产业化发展的思路

大力推进农业产业化经营,加快传统农业向现代农业转变的进程,是增强吕梁市农业自我发展能力和切实增加农民收入的重要依托,也是提高该市农业整体竞争力的重要举措。只有准确把握农业产业化发展存在的新机遇,才能实现吕梁农业产业化发展的新跨越。     

Canola genotypes differ in potassium efficiency during vegetative growth

There is no knowledge about the differential capacity of canola genotypes to take up potassium (K) and produce dry matter under conditions of low soil K availability. Hence, 84 canola genotypes were screened for K efficiency in the glasshouse. Plants were grown in sealed pots containing K-responsive, sandy soil without or with K added. Twelve genotypes were selected for advanced screening in the glasshouse in a different K-responsive soil. Genotypes with a mean K efficiency ratio (the ratio of shoot dry weight at deficient and adequate K supply) greater than one standard error above or below the median genotype value were classified as K-efficient or K-inefficient, respectively. There were significant differences between genotypes in the K efficiency ratio in both screening experiments, indicating that genotypes responded differently to K availability. In the initial screening experiment, 19 genotypes were rated as K-efficient and nine genotypes rated as K-inefficient based on the K efficiency ratio. In the advanced screening experiment with 12 genotypes, three genotypes were rated as K-efficient and two as K-inefficient. Genotypes Wesbarker and Rainbow were K-efficient and Genkai K-inefficient in both experiments. Correlation of the K efficiency ratio with (i) shoot K content in the initial and advanced screening and (ii) shoot K concentration in the advanced screening, indicates that the observed differences in K efficiency were due to genotypic differences in both the uptake and the utilization of K. K-efficient genotypes have a potential to improve canola yields on soils with low K availability.     

主要作物新品种抗旱性鉴定指标的研究与应用

针对我国北方干旱缺水,水资源日趋匮乏的特点,研究了农作物高产品种抗旱性鉴定方法、评价指标,编制了我国第一个有关农作物品种抗旱性鉴定的地方标准,完善了农作物品种的育种程序。河北省在全国率先开展了小麦和玉米等农作物新品种在参加区域试验的同时进行抗旱性鉴定试验。抗旱指数成为我国小麦和旱稻等作物的抗旱性鉴定指标和标准。     

短季棉早熟性状及产量构成因素的遗传分析和选择策略

对9个早熟及产量性状的有关遗传参数进行了相关分析和通径分析,结果表明,高强度选择可使目前推广品种(系)的丰产性和早熟性得到进一步改善;育种选择策略应从提高株铃数和衣分入手,选择第一果枝节位低、开花早、脱落少和铃不太大的类型,其中早代果枝节位严选,开花期、结铃率和衣分大群体选择,株铃数连续选择,就可实现培育出高产、早熟品种(系)最终目标.