Preparation and Hepatoprotective Activities of Peptides Derived from Mussels (Mytilus edulis) and Clams (Ruditapes philippinarum)

Low molecular weight (<5 kDa) peptides from mussels (Mytilus edulis) (MPs) and the peptides from clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) (CPs) were prepared through enzymatic hydrolysis by proteases (dispase, pepsin, trypsin, alcalase and papain). Both the MPs and the CPs showed excellent in vitro scavenging ability of free radicals including OH, DPPH and ABTS in the concentration range of 0.625–10.000 mg/mL. By contrast, the MPs hydrolyzed by alcalase (MPs-A) and the CPs hydrolyzed by dispase (CPs-D) had the highest antioxidant activities. Furthermore, MPs-A and CPs-D exhibited protective capabilities against oxidative damage induced by H₂O₂ in HepG2 cells in the concentration range of 25–800 μg/mL. Meanwhile, compared with the corresponding indicators of the negative control (alcohol-fed) mice, lower contents of hepatic MDA and serums ALT and AST, as well as higher activities of hepatic SOD and GSH-PX were observed in experiment mice treated with MPs-A and CPs-D. The present results clearly indicated that Mytilus edulis and Ruditapes philippinarum are good sources of hepatoprotective peptides.     

Complexing the Marine Sesquiterpene Euplotin C by Means of Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosponges: A Preliminary Investigation

Euplotin C is a sesquiterpene of marine origin endowed with significant anti-microbial and anti-tumor properties. Despite the promising functional profile, its progress as a novel drug candidate has failed so far, due to its scarce solubility and poor stability in aqueous media, such as biological fluids. Therefore, overcoming these limits is an intriguing challenge for the scientific community. In this work, we synthesized β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges and investigated their use as colloidal carriers for stably complex euplotin C. Results obtained proved the ability of the carrier to include the natural compound, showing remarkable values of both loading efficiency and capacity. Moreover, it also allowed us to preserve the chemical structure of the loaded compound, which was recovered unaltered once extracted from the complex. Therefore, the use of β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges represents a viable option to vehiculate euplotin C, thus opening up its possible use as pharmacologically active compound.     

Potentially Beneficial Effects on Healthy Aging by Supplementation of the EPA-Rich Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum or Its Supernatant—A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial in Elderly Individuals

Dietary supplements that promote healthy aging are mostly warranted in an aging society. Because of age-related risks, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agents such as microalgae are potential candidates for intervention. In a randomized controlled trial, we tested Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT), a microalgae rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), carotenoids, vitamins, and β-glucans, cultured in bioreactors. In this pilot trial, 19 healthy elderly received supplements for two weeks based on either the whole PT (A), the β-1,3-glucan-rich PT supernatant (SupB), the combination thereof (A+SupB), or a Comparator product (Comp). The primary outcome variable plasma interleukin-6 was reduced after treatment with A+SupB compared to the Comp group (p = 0.04). The mobility parameters 5 s sit-to-stand test (p = 0.04 in the A group) and by trend gait speed (p = 0.08 in the A+SupB diet) were improved compared to Comp. No treatment effects were observed for fatty acids, compared to Comp but omega-6 to -3 fatty acid ratio (p = 0.006) and arachidonic acid/EPA ratio (p = 0.006) were reduced within group A+SupB. Further, the SupB study product reduced faecal zonulin (p = 0.03) compared to the Comp. The data revealed an anti-inflammatory and potentially anti-oxidative effect of particular PT preparations, suggesting that they might be suitable for effects in healthy elderly.     

1株猫杯状病毒的分离鉴定及其ORF2序列的遗传演化分析

为了解猫杯状病毒形态特征及遗传演化情况,采用F81细胞从患病宠物猫的鼻拭子样品中分离获得1株猫杯状病毒(feline calicivirus,FCV),命名为SH1.经电镜观察,病毒粒子呈球形,无囊膜,符合FCV的形态特征.采用RT-PCR方法扩增了该毒株的全基因组,并进行了序列测定和衣壳蛋白基因(ORF2)序列的分析...     

攀西地区酿酒葡萄破眠剂处理提高抽枝率研究

2003~2004和2004~2005年两个冬季,在四川省攀西地区对霞多丽、佳美、梅鹿辄、黑虎香四个葡萄品种休眠冬芽进行了化学药剂处理。翌年抽枝率结果表明:在冬季气温最低时处理四个品种的抽枝率均有提高;1.0%H2CN2 1.0%吐温80处理抽枝率提高最大;葡萄品种成熟期不同,对化学药剂处理的反应亦不相同,品种按处理与对照的萌芽率比值大小排序,依次为早中熟品种佳美、中熟品种梅鹿辄、早熟品种霞多丽、晚熟品种黑虎香。     

长安区不同性质土层CO2释放规律研究

通过对长安双竹村夏、秋季不同性质土层CO2释放量的测定,本文研究了不同性质土层CO2释放规律及其差异。资料表明,从当日早晨到次日早晨,不同性质土层土壤CO2释放量均呈现由低到高再到低的变化规律;土壤CO2释放量与土层性质有密切关系,马兰黄土土层CO2释放量最高,其次是黏性土,释放量最低的是含砾石中细砂土;土层CO2释放量变化与气温的变化呈现负相关。     

优质抗病厚皮甜瓜新品种苏甜2号的选育

苏甜2号为中早熟厚皮甜瓜杂交种。全生育期95d左右,果实发育期约35d。植株长势较强,抗白粉病和蔓枯病,较耐低温,易坐果。果实短椭圆形,果皮白色、光滑无网纹;肉厚3.8～4.2cm,果肉浅绿色,肉质软嫩,具有浓香味,中心可溶性固形物14.7%～16.8%。耐贮运。单果质量1.0～2.0kg,667m2产量2000～2300kg。适于华东地区及气候相似地区保护地栽培。     

缬沙坦联用吲达帕胺缓释片对2型糖尿病伴高血压左心室肥厚及舒张功能的影响

目的观察缬沙坦联用吲达帕胺缓释片对2型糖尿病伴高血压左心室肥厚及舒张功能的影响。方法2型糖尿病伴高血压左心室肥厚及舒张功能不全患者120例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各60例。对照组服用缬沙坦80mg,每日1次;观察组服用缬沙坦80mg及吲达帕胺缓释片1.5mg,每日1次。所有病例观察20周,主要观察药物降压疗效、对左心室肥厚及左心室舒张功能的影响。结果缬沙坦和吲达帕胺缓释片联用比单用缬沙坦的降压效果更好。疗程结束后,观察组的舒张末期室间隔厚度及舒张末期左心室后壁厚度的改善程度明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论缬沙坦与吲达帕胺缓释片联用能有效的降低2型糖尿病伴高血压左心室肥厚及舒张功能不全患者的血压、逆转左心室肥厚及改善左心室的舒张功能。     

果蔗脱毒种苗组培快繁技术研究

采用不同浓度的6-BA对果蔗进行了茎尖分生组织的诱导和幼芽增殖试验研究,利用不同状态的培养基对增殖芽进行了培养。结果表明,当6-BA浓度为4-5mg／L时,比较适宜于果蔗茎尖分生组织的诱导。在幼芽增殖前期．6-BA的浓度采用2-3mg／L;在将进入生根阶段时,6-BA的浓度采用0．5-1．5mg／L,有利于获得粗壮的幼苗。果蔗幼芽在增殖阶段。适宜采用液体培养基,可降低成本。     

黄皮素内酯Ⅱ在黄皮植物体的分布及对稗草生化代谢的影响

[目的]测定黄皮素内酯Ⅱ(2′,3′-epoxyanisolactone)在黄皮[Clausena lansium(Lour.)Skeels]植株的花、枝叶和果核中的含量,明确其对稗草生化代谢的影响。[方法]采用液相色谱法进行含量的测定,小杯法培养供试稗草。[结果]黄皮素内酯Ⅱ在花粗提物中的含量较少,仅为0.43%,在枝叶和果核中的含量分别为3.33%和3.21%。黄皮素内酯Ⅱ处理稗草植株,处理后稗草根中蛋白含量和氨基酸含量与未经处理存在明显的差异,在50μg/mL的浓度下,可以显著地降低稗草植株内的蛋白含量和增加植株内的氨基酸含量。当处理浓度为50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125μg/mL时,样品中的含氮量分别为1.402 8、1.317 2、1.250 2、1.128 7、0.903 2mg/g,比对照0.832 1mg/g均有所增加。黄皮素内酯Ⅱ处理后,稗草的蛋白含量与对照相比有所下降,处理浓度为50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125μg/mL时,蛋白含量比对照分别降低75.91%、66.43%、62.43%、58.57%和58.03%。[结论]黄皮素内酯Ⅱ对稗草代谢有一定影响。