Cellular stress marker alteration and inflammatory response in pigs fed with an ochratoxin contaminated diet

Aim of this study was to characterize the effects of an ochratoxin A (181 ± 34 ng/g) contaminated diet on growth performances, blood parameters, systemic cytokine levels, cell stress markers and reactivity of immune system of weaned pigs.     

Arsenic-induced responses in freshwater teleosts

The environment is currently polluted by thousands of chemicals or xenobiotics introduced into the environment by man to meet the demands of the modern era. Every day we encounter this negative side of human civilization, but have done little to lessen the rate of pollution. Although the entire biosphere is polluted it is water resources that are the most polluted because water is the ultimate sink for many contaminants. Thus, fish are the most vulnerable of all animal species. They are helpless because they cannot avoid the polluted habitat and face this contamination by default. Nevertheless, fish are found to survive under extreme conditions when their natural habitat has been compromised to a great extent. However, fish are highly sensitive to small environmental changes and their populations gradually dwindle if pollution continues unabated. However, we know that there are instances when water is cleaned and the rate of repopulation by different fish species has gained momentum, restoring the ecological balance. Thus, fish are considered reliable bioindicators of water pollution and fish ecotoxicology has received much attention in recent years, and fish toxicology has been able to defend a significant position in the arena of xenobiotics research over the years. This review deals with some of the major intoxication and detoxication signals manifested by fish exposed to arsenic (As), which is presently one of the most worrying metalloids in water pollution.     

围产科尔沁牛外周淋巴细胞HSP70的表达

选择经同期发情处理的妊娠科尔沁牛5头（2～3胎）,于分娩-14、-6、-2、0、2、6、14d颈静脉采血,分离淋巴细胞,采用RT～PCR、Westernblotting法分别检测淋巴细胞的HSP70mRNA与蛋白表达。结果显示,各受试牛的HSP70mRNA与蛋白表达变化趋势基本-致,即从-14d开始逐渐下调,0d最低,继而再逐渐上调。结果表明,HSP70作为淋巴细胞内重要伴侣分子,随着分娩的启动和发生其表达抑制显著增强,但在分娩后被迅速解除,其表达逐渐上调。     

PNSA,a Novel C-Terminal Inhibitor of HSP90, Reverses Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Suppresses Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro

Metastasis accounts for the vast majority of deaths in breast cancer, and novel and effective treatments to inhibit cancer metastasis remain urgently developed. The expression level of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in invasive breast cancer tissue is higher than in adjacent non-cancerous tissue. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of penisuloxazin A (PNSA), a novel C- terminal inhibitor of HSP90, on metastasis of breast cancer cells and related mechanism in vitro. We found that PNSA obviously affected adhesion, migration, and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells and Trastuzumab-resistant JIMT-1 cells. Furthermore, PNSA was capable of reversing epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of MDA-MB-231 cells with change of cell morphology. PNSA increases E-cadherin expression followed by decreasing amounts of N-cadherin, vimentin, and matrix metalloproteinases9 (MMP9) and proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases2 (MMP2) and MMP9. Comparatively, the N-terminal inhibitor of HSP90 17-allyl-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) had no effect on EMT of MDA-MB-231 cells. PNSA was uncovered to reduce the stability of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) proteins and thereby inhibiting their downstream signaling transductions by inhibition of HSP90. In addition, PNSA reduced the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to promote natural killer (NK) cells to kill breast cancer cells with a dose far less than that of cytotoxicity to NK cell itself, implying the potential of PNSA to enhance immune surveillance against metastasis in vivo. All these results indicate that PNSA is a promising anti-metastasis agent worthy of being studied in the future.     

Hepatotoxic Seafood Poisoning (HSP) Due to Microcystins: A Threat from the Ocean?

Cyanobacterial blooms are a major and growing problem for freshwater ecosystems worldwide that increasingly concerns public health, with an average of 60% of blooms known to be toxic. The most studied cyanobacterial toxins belong to a family of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins, called microcystins. The microcystins are stable hydrophilic cyclic heptapeptides with a potential to cause cell damage following cellular uptake via organic anion-transporting proteins (OATP). Their intracellular biologic effects presumably involve inhibition of catalytic subunits of protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A) and glutathione depletion. The microcystins produced by cyanobacteria pose a serious problem to human health, if they contaminate drinking water or food. These toxins are collectively responsible for human fatalities, as well as continued and widespread poisoning of wild and domestic animals. Although intoxications of aquatic organisms by microcystins have been widely documented for freshwater ecosystems, such poisonings in marine environments have only occasionally been reported. Moreover, these poisonings have been attributed to freshwater cyanobacterial species invading seas of lower salinity (e.g., the Baltic) or to the discharge of freshwater microcystins into the ocean. However, recent data suggest that microcystins are also being produced in the oceans by a number of cosmopolitan marine species, so that Hepatotoxic Seafood Poisoning (HSP) is increasingly recognized as a major health risk that follows consumption of contaminated seafood.     

Physiological indicators of stress and meat and carcass characteristics in tail bitten slaughter pigs

Background

Tail biting is a common welfare problem in pig production and in addition to being a sign of underlying welfare problems, tail biting reduces welfare in itself. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tail biting on different pre and post mortem indicators of stress in slaughter pigs and on carcass and meat characteristics. A total of 12 tail bitten (TB) and 13 control (C) pigs from a farm with a long-term tail biting problem were selected for salivary cortisol analyses before and after transport to the slaughterhouse. After stunning, samples were taken for the analysis of serum cortisol, blood lactate, intestinal heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and meat quality characteristics. In addition, body temperature immediately after and muscle temperature 35 min after stunning were measured, as well as lean meat percentage and carcass weight.

Results

TB pigs showed a lower cortisol response to the transport-induced stress than C pigs and also had a lower serum cortisol concentration after stunning. HSP70 content in the small intestine was higher in the TB pigs than in C pigs. TB pigs had a considerably lower carcass weight therefore produced a lower total amount of lean meat per carcass than C pigs.

Conclusions

This study suggests that prolonged or repeated stress in the form of tail biting causes a blunted stress response, possibly a sign of hypocortisolism. In addition, it underlines the importance of reducing tail biting, both from an animal welfare and an economic point-of-view.     

小鼠卵巢HSP70诱导表达的免疫荧光组织化学研究

试验采用免疫荧光组织化学法,检验了经历不同温度热应激后,在不同恢复期内小鼠卵巢组织HSP70的诱导表达,确立了HSP70诱导表达模式。结果表明：随着热应激温度的升高,卵巢组织HSP70的表达量增加,表达持续期延长,特别是经历了预应激小鼠的HSP70表达更显著。这说明在一定的热应激条件下。小鼠卵巢组织可发生HSP70的诱导表达,其表达量和表达持续期与热应激强度相关,而且热应激可显著促进HSP70的表达。     

夏季高温条件下饲粮中添加刺梨提取物对皖西白鹅生长性能、脂质代谢及肝脏中热休克蛋白70基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究夏季高温条件下饲粮中添加刺梨提取物对皖西白鹅生长性能、脂质代谢及肝脏中热应激蛋白70(HSP70)基因表达的影响。挑选28日龄、体重相近的健康皖西白鹅150只,随机分成3组,即对照组、试验1组和试验2组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鹅。对照组试验鹅饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组和试验2组试验鹅分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加100和200 mL/kg刺梨提取物的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期14 d,试验期间最高气温37℃,最低气温24℃,日平均气温31.6℃。饲喂2周后,每个重复挑选1只鹅屠宰,采集血样,并分离出肝脏,测定血清脂质代谢指标和肝脏中HSP70基因的相对表达量。结果表明:饲粮中添加刺梨提取物对皖西白鹅的平均日采食量和平均日增重均无显著影响(P0.05),但添加200 mL/kg刺梨提取物可显著降低料重比(P0.05);饲粮中添加100和200 mL/kg刺梨提取物均可显著提高血清高密度脂蛋白含量(P0.05),但对血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量无显著影响(P0.05);与对照组相比,试验1组和试验2组肝脏中HSP70基因的相对表达量均极显著提高(P0.01),同时试验1组肝脏中HSP70基因的相对表达量还极显著高于试验2组(P0.01)。由此得出,在夏季高温条件下,在皖西白鹅饲粮中添加刺梨提取物可提高饲料转化率、调节脂质代谢、上调肝脏中HSP70基因的表达,具有较明显的抗应激效果,且添加量为100 mL/kg时的抗应激效果优于添加量为200 mL/kg时。     

热应激诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞凋亡及其对HSP70基因表达的影响

为探讨热应激对乳腺上皮细胞凋亡的影响,以体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞为模型,取对数生长期的乳腺上皮细胞分别置于39℃和41℃热处理1 h(以37℃正常培养的细胞为对照),在37℃恢复培养0、6、12 h后收集细胞,采用MTT法检测细胞生长抑制率,Annexin V/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡,比色法分析Caspase-3活性,荧光定量PCR检测HSP70基因的表达水平。结果表明,39℃热应激组细胞生长抑制率和死亡率高峰期均发生在热修复6 h,细胞死亡率为15.42%,而41℃热应激组发生在热修复12 h,细胞死亡率高达23.18%;高温处理后,Caspase-3活性呈上升趋势;39℃热应激组在热恢复6 h,HSP70基因表达量显著高于对照组,41℃热应激组在热恢复0、6、12 h,HSP70基因的表达量分别为对照组的3.53倍、5.61倍和2.93倍。综上可知,高温应激激活了Caspase-3活性,从而诱导乳腺上皮细胞凋亡,并随高温强度的增加而作用增强,同时高温诱导了HSP70基因过表达,协助细胞获得热耐受性。     

HSP60对天祝白牦牛原代培养的支持细胞增殖的影响

HSP60对动物的睾丸发育、精子发生起着重要的调控作用。支持细胞是睾丸内唯一与生精细胞直接发生联系的体细胞,对精子发生、成熟等过程有直接影响。为研究HSP60对白牦牛睾丸支持细胞增殖的调控作用,本试验通过组合酶消化法分离培养白牦牛原代支持细胞,通过差速贴壁法和Tris-HCL低渗缓冲液进行纯化处理,运用免疫荧光染色和Feulgen染色鉴定细胞,经流式细胞仪检测得到96.2%高纯度支持细胞。构建HSP60过表达载体p IRES2-EGFP-HSP60,合成靶向siRNA沉默HSP60,瞬时转染支持细胞后,经qPCR检测发现过表达组HSP60 mRNA在24、48、72 h等时间点均上调,沉默组HSP60 mRNA在24、48、72 h等时间点均下调。MTS试验检测细胞的增殖情况,过表达HSP60组中的支持细胞增殖效率各时间点均显著高于空白对照组和空质粒组;沉默HSP60组中支持细胞的增值率各时间点均低于空白对照组和阴性对照组,但差异不显著。qPCR检测细胞增殖标志基因细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA),结果表明,过表达HSP60组的cyclin D1基因在48 h时的表达显著高于空白对照组和空质粒组,PCNA基因的表达在24、48、72 h时均显著高于空白对照组和空质粒组;沉默HSP60组cyclin D1基因和PCNA基因的表达在24、48、72 h时均低于空白对照组和阴性对照组,但差异不显著。综上,HSP60在白牦牛睾丸支持细胞增殖调控中的作用是正向调控。本试验结果为进一步研究HSP60对白牦牛睾丸发育和精子发生的影响奠定了理论基础。