养殖密度对池塘工程化循环水养殖大口黑鲈抗氧化力、组织结构及应激基因表达的影响

为研究池塘工程化循环水养殖模式下养殖密度对大口黑鲈（应激基因表达的影响,以初始体重（4.50±0.23）g的大口黑鲈幼鱼为研究对象,设置3个养殖密度组,分别为0.2 kg/m³（SD1）、0.4 kg/m³（SD2）和0.6 kg/m³（SD3）,每个密度组设3个重复,实验周期为120 d,分别在实验的第30天、60天、90天和120天采集样本并分析。结果显示,实验结束时的最终密度分别为5.64 kg/m³（SD1）、8.79 kg/m³（SD2）和11.21 kg/m³（SD3）。养殖前90 d,肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力在各密度组间差异不显著（<0.05）;30 d和60 d时肝脏丙二醛（MDA）含量未受到养殖密度的影响（<0.05）;各密度组间肠道淀粉酶、脂肪酶活力没有显著差异（ mRNA相对表达水平在30 d和60 d没有显著差异（<0.05）,SD1组肝脏<0.05）;切片结果显示,3个密度组实验鱼肝脏和肠道结构正常,未受到严重损害,SD3组实验鱼肝脏细胞间空泡稍增多,肠道杯状细胞变小,数量减少。综上所述,在本实验条件下,养殖后期,养殖密度会对加州鲈生理状态产生影响,高密度应激会导致鱼体抗氧化以及免疫功能受到抑制,肝脏、肠道组织产生轻微损伤,0.2 kg/m³密度组大口黑鲈的生理状况最好。综合考虑,池塘工程化循环水养殖模式下大口黑鲈幼鱼的放养密度以0.2~0.4 kg/m³为宜。     

作物热激蛋白研究进展及应用

热激蛋白(Heat Shock Protein,HSP)是生物体在多种刺激下产生的一种蛋白质.主要阐述了HSP的发现和研究概况,综述了HSP的种类及定位,HSP与植物的耐热性、抗冷性、作物品质以及与种子发育的关系;介绍了HSP在作物育种、生长发育及凋亡中的作用.     

花绒寄甲HSP7O基因的特征与表达

为阐明热休克蛋白70(HSP70)在花绒寄甲(Dastarcus helophoroides)发育及雌雄成虫抵抗环境胁迫中的作用,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析了其在发育阶段和环境胁迫时的表达情况.从花绒寄甲转录组中获得3条HSP70基因,分别命名为D.hHSP69.09、D.hHSP70.11和D.hHSP7 1.88.发育阶段定量结果显示,3条HSP70在所有发育阶段均有表达,D.hHSP69.09在1龄幼虫期表达量最高;D.hHSP70.11和D.hHSP71.88在雄虫中表达量最高.在检测的成虫组织中,D.hHSP69.09和D.hHSP70.11在卵巢表达量最高;D.hHSP71.88在脂肪体中表达量最高.HSP70基因随温度升高(23℃升至44 ℃)、41℃下处理时间(0～ 270 min)延长、氧化剂浓度(0～ 70 mmol·L-1)的升高表达量先增加后减少,雌雄表达量差异较大.饥饿试验显示,雌雄虫表达模式不同;随饥饿时间延长,雄虫HSP70基因表达量有所降低,雌虫一定时间内有所上升.因此,花绒寄甲HSP70可能与不同发育期的转换、幼虫的蜕皮行为相关;HSP70对温度、氧化和饥饿胁迫的应激敏感程度和表达水平不同,能够有效应对高温、氧化、饥饿等环境胁迫.     

短期饥饿对小鼠不同组织HSP90α表达的影响

采用Western blot技术分析了HSP90α在小鼠脑、肝、心脏和肌肉组织的分布以及短期饥饿对HSP90α表达的影响。结果表明,HSP90α在脑组织含量最丰富,肝组织次之,心脏和肌肉组织较少。受饥饿影响,HSP90α在脑组织、肝组织和肌肉组织上调表达。     

Haemato-biochemical responses and induction of HSP70 to dietary phosphorus in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Catla catla</Emphasis> (Hamilton) fingerlings

A feeding trial of 120 days was conducted to study the effect of graded levels of dietary phosphorus on haematology, serum protein concentrations and HSP70 expression in fingerlings of the Indian major carp, Catla (Catla catla). Eight isonitrogenous and isoenergetic purified diets were formulated to contain graded levels of dietary phosphorus (dP), i.e., T₁, 0.1%; T₂, 0.3%; T₃, 0.5%; T₄, 0.7%; T₅, 0.9%; T₆, 1.1%; T₇, 1.3%; or T₈, 1.5%. Four hundred and eighty fish (average weight 4.23 ± 0.016 g) were equally distributed into 24 tanks forming eight treatments with three replicates each. The fish were fed daily at the rate of 3.5% body weight in two instalments. At the end of feeding trial fish were sampled to study total RBC and WBC count, haemoglobin, serum lysozyme activity, serum total protein, albumin (A), globulin (G) concentration and HSP70 expression. Total RBC count, haemoglobin concentration and serum lysozyme activity did not vary significantly in response to different dietary phosphorus concentrations. Total WBC count was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher in T₁ relative to all other treatments. Serum albumin and A/G ratio was found to be significantly lower in fish of T₁ and T₂ in relation to T₇ group (P < 0.05). Serum globulin and total protein levels remained unaffected by variations in dietary phosphorus. HSP70 expression was observed in T₁ group (0.1% dP) in gills and brain tissue, but not in liver and muscle tissues. No HSP70 expression was observed in fish of T₄ (0.7% dP) and T₈ (1.5% dP) treatments. These prima facie results suggest that dietary phosphorus had only minor influence on the haemato-biochemical parameters studied; however dietary phosphorus deficiency caused organ specific induction of HSP70 in catla fingerlings.     

新疆牛双芽巴贝斯虫病的流行病学调查

本研究使用牛双芽巴贝斯虫HSP20（exon）-iELISA检测方法,对2006-2008年新疆14个地州市的牛双芽巴贝斯虫病流行病学进行了调查。结果显示：（1）新疆存在着牛双芽巴贝斯虫病,且比牛巴贝斯虫病严重。在2006年采集的278份牛血清样品中,阳性血清11份,感染率为5.40%。2007年的532份牛血清样品中检出阳性血清25份,感染率为4.70%。在2008年的530份牛血清中检出阳性血清53份,感染率为7.17%;（2）2008年,发病疫区内牛双芽巴贝斯虫感染率高达30%;（3）牛双芽巴贝斯虫感染的地州市由2006年的8个扩大到2008年的13个;（4）新疆牛双芽巴贝斯虫病的感染率逐年上升,疫区面积不断扩大,流行区内感染率激增。这是新疆首次利用血清学方法对全疆范围内牛双芽巴贝斯虫病进行大规模的流行病学调查。     

本氏烟DnaJ-like蛋白在芜菁花叶病毒侵染过程中的作用

热休克蛋白40(HSP40)因其蛋白家族含有保守的J结构域又被称为DnaJ蛋白,其同源蛋白被称为DnaJ-like蛋白。研究表明,DnaJ蛋白家族响应了多种病毒的侵染,但发挥作用的方式各不相同。芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)是一类重要的蔬菜病毒,给蔬菜生产造成严重经济损失。DnaJ-like蛋白是否响应TuMV侵染,是否在TuMV侵染过程中发挥作用目前尚不清楚。本实验在本氏烟中克隆了分属DnaJ蛋白A类亚家族和B类亚家族的16条基因;qRT-PCR分析表明,DnaJ-like蛋白家族基因在TuMV侵染后表达上调。分别沉默2个亚家族的典型基因NbJ1和NbJ5后,TuMV在沉默植株上的病毒积累量显著较少。结果表明,DnaJ-like蛋白可能在TuMV侵染过程中发挥作用,这为深入了解TuMV的致病机制提供了新思路。     

玉米HSP90基因家族的全基因组鉴定与分析

热激蛋白90（HSP90）广泛参与生物体的生长发育,且积极响应多种非生物胁迫。为全面解析玉米HSP90基因家族信息,对HSP90基因家族进化树、基因结构、保守基序（motif）、GO富集和组织表达模式等进行分析,并进一步分析ZmHSP90-1基因响应干旱胁迫的表达模式及蛋白互作关系。结果显示,从玉米全基因组水平共鉴定到11个ZmHSP90家族基因,被划分为5个亚族（I~V）;相邻进化树分支上的ZmHSP90基因具有相似的motif和基因结构;GO富集分析显示,11个ZmHSP90基因均参与了蛋白质折叠过程;表达模式分析显示,11个ZmHSP90基因在不同组织或器官中均有表达,其中ZmHSP90-1基因的表达量相对较高;ZmHSP90-1基因在耐旱性强的玉米自交系中具有更高的表达量,且积极响应干旱和复水过程;蛋白互作预测显示,ZmHSP90-1可能与其互作蛋白协同响应非生物胁迫,发挥生物学功能。     

Hepatotoxic Seafood Poisoning (HSP) Due to Microcystins: A Threat from the Ocean?

Cyanobacterial blooms are a major and growing problem for freshwater ecosystems worldwide that increasingly concerns public health, with an average of 60% of blooms known to be toxic. The most studied cyanobacterial toxins belong to a family of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins, called microcystins. The microcystins are stable hydrophilic cyclic heptapeptides with a potential to cause cell damage following cellular uptake via organic anion-transporting proteins (OATP). Their intracellular biologic effects presumably involve inhibition of catalytic subunits of protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A) and glutathione depletion. The microcystins produced by cyanobacteria pose a serious problem to human health, if they contaminate drinking water or food. These toxins are collectively responsible for human fatalities, as well as continued and widespread poisoning of wild and domestic animals. Although intoxications of aquatic organisms by microcystins have been widely documented for freshwater ecosystems, such poisonings in marine environments have only occasionally been reported. Moreover, these poisonings have been attributed to freshwater cyanobacterial species invading seas of lower salinity (e.g., the Baltic) or to the discharge of freshwater microcystins into the ocean. However, recent data suggest that microcystins are also being produced in the oceans by a number of cosmopolitan marine species, so that Hepatotoxic Seafood Poisoning (HSP) is increasingly recognized as a major health risk that follows consumption of contaminated seafood.     

Adapting wheat in Europe for climate change

Increasing cereal yield is needed to meet the projected increased demand for world food supply of about 70% by 2050. Sirius, a process-based model for wheat, was used to estimate yield potential for wheat ideotypes optimized for future climatic projections for ten wheat growing areas of Europe. It was predicted that the detrimental effect of drought stress on yield would be decreased due to enhanced tailoring of phenology to future weather patterns, and due to genetic improvements in the response of photosynthesis and green leaf duration to water shortage. Yield advances could be made through extending maturation and thereby improve resource capture and partitioning. However the model predicted an increase in frequency of heat stress at meiosis and anthesis. Controlled environment experiments quantify the effects of heat and drought at booting and flowering on grain numbers and potential grain size. A current adaptation of wheat to areas of Europe with hotter and drier summers is a quicker maturation which helps to escape from excessive stress, but results in lower yields. To increase yield potential and to respond to climate change, increased tolerance to heat and drought stress should remain priorities for the genetic improvement of wheat.