Effect of HMW-GS 5+10 on Quality Parameters in Four Leading Wheat Cultivars

HMW-GS 5+ 10 was introduced to four major wheat cultivars Kehan9, Kefeng3, Longmai20and Kenda4 through 5 or 6 consecutive backcrosses. No significant difference in protein content and dry glutencontent was observed between cultivars containing 5+ 10 and 2+ 12 or 3+12 (P＞0. 1). In cuitivars contai-ning HMW-GS 5 +10, the ratio of wet gluten content to dry gluten content was 2.9 -5.0 % (P＜0.01) lowerthan the ratio from the cultivars containing 2+ 12 or 3+12, the ratio of Zeleny sedimentation volume to drygluten content was 4.5 - 13.4% (P＜0. 05) higher. The degree of softening in cuitivars having 5+10 was 15- 25 FU (P＜0.01) lower, while the maximum resistance was 82 - 193 EU (P＜0.05) higher. Backcrosseswith biochemical marker assisted selection in the improvement of quality in wheat cultivars was discussed.     

小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基的遗传规律研究

采用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ法,对４个优质亲本与３个农艺亲本及其杂交获得的正反交Ｆ１,Ｆ２,ＢＣ１Ｆ１,ＢＣ１Ｆ１’籽粒进行小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基遗传分析表明：①普通小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基受遗传控制,不受环境影响,具有品种的特性;②小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基在Ｆ１代中呈共显性和倾母遗传现象;③控制小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基的基因遗传行为遵从孟德尔的基因的独立分配和自由结合规律。     

密穗小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析密穗小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析

采用十二烷基硫酸钠 -聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 ( SDS- PAGE)方法 ,分析了 32份密穗小麦的高分子量谷蛋白亚基 ( HMW- GS)组成。在 3个位点上一共检测到 12种不同的亚基类型。在 Glu- B1位点上 ,密穗小麦的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成具有其明显的组成特点 ,表现为 2 1和 13+16亚基出现频率较高 ,分别为 34 .83%和 18.75% ,而这 2种亚基在普通小麦和斯卑尔脱小麦中为极稀有亚基 ;密穗小麦在 Glu- A1和 Glu- D1位点上的主要亚基变异形式与普通小麦相似 ,即以 null( Glu- A1)、2 +12和 5+10 ( Glu- D1)为其主要变异形式。另外 ,本研究还筛选出了 7份具有 5+10优质亚基的材料 ,这将为提高密穗小麦与普通小麦种间杂交种的品质杂种优势提供了材料基础。最后讨论了密穗小麦的起源     

Distribution and function of LMW glutenins,HMW glutenins,and gliadins in wheat doughs analyzed with ‘in situ’ detection and quantitative imaging techniques

The different gluten subunits, gliadins, LMW glutenins, and HMW glutenins have been reported to play different key roles in different type of wheat products. This paper studied the interaction between gliadin, LMW and HMW glutenins in soft, hard and durum semolina flour doughs during different stages of mixing. In order to see how do the gluten subunits (gliadin, LMW glutenin and HMW glutenin) redistribute during mixing, dough samples were taken at maximum strength and 10 min after maximum strength. The doughs have been mixed with the same level of added water (55%), therefore they all have different strengths values due to their changes in proteins content. Oscillatory rheological measurements were performed on the doughs. It has been found that HMW glutenins are relatively immobile because of their less molecular mobility and do no redistribute themselves especially at high strength for doughs such as hard wheat flour. LMW glutenins and gliadins on the other hand redistribute themselves at even at high dough strengths forming a more stable network. In weaker doughs such as soft wheat, the breakdown of the three proteins subunits is responsible for the decay in dough strength. We have also visualized how the greater amount of LMW glutenins in semolina is in constant interaction with HMW glutenins and gliadins allowing the dough to maintain a stable strength for an extended mixing time. Finally, we have found the ‘in situ’ detection and quantitative analysis techniques to be more sensitive to the changes occurring in the gluten network of the dough than the oscillatory rheological analysis.     

矮孟牛及其衍生品种（系）HMW GS、蛋白质含量及沉淀值的演化分析

为了探讨小麦骨干亲本育成许多品种的遗传基础及主要性状在后代品种中的遗传传递,分析了矮孟牛的3个原始亲本、7个种质姊妹系及128个衍生品种(系)的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)、籽粒蛋白质含量、沉淀值及其演化情况.结果表明,原始亲本、矮孟牛种质姊妹系及衍生品种(系)籽粒蛋白质含量的平均值分别为12.07%、12.93%和12.38%,变幅分别为11.58%～12.48%、11.71%～13.98%和10.42%～14.38%;沉淀值的平均值分别为32.12、32.76和23.29 mL,变幅分别为25.41～29.39 mL、19.71～31.86 mL、14.42～45.26mL.说明在衍生品种(系)中,蛋白含量和沉淀值的遗传基础均被拓宽了.在HMW-GS方面,衍生品种(系)比原始亲本和姊妹系增加了2*、17+18、5+10和2+10亚基,说明各育种单位在利用其高产、高抗等优质性状的同时也对品质性状进行了改良.     

HMW-GS标记辅助选育优质小麦新品系

为加速优质小麦育种进程,将聚合杂交、HMW-GS辅助选择与常规育种程序结合,在小麦品种烟农19、济麦20、郑优6号、百农66不同杂交组合F2代进行HMW-GS标记辅助选择,经连续多代鉴定筛选,选育出14个含优质HMW-GS或HMW-GS组合的小麦新品系.鉴定结果表明,14个新品系的蛋白质含量、沉降值、湿面筋含量、面筋指...     

5＋10和2＋12亚基小冰麦33生产密度下品质差异的研究

为了解在黑龙江省小麦生产密度下5＋10亚基与2＋12亚基在超强筋小麦遗传背景下遗传效应的差异,2007-2008年将超强筋小麦品种小冰麦33（2^＊,7＋8,2＋12）和5＋10亚基小冰麦33（2^＊,7＋8,5＋10）种植在黑龙江省农业科学院育种研究所的试验地内。试验设计采用对比排列,4次重复,小区面积为1.2×4.4 m^2,密度为650株·m^-2。两年的品质分析结果表明：5＋10亚基的小冰麦33在蛋白质含量和干面筋含量上与小冰麦33基本相同,统计学上无显著差异;在面筋指数、形成时间、稳定时间、断裂时间、最大抗延阻力和拉伸面积上比2＋12亚基的小冰麦33分别高2.4%（P=0.01）、67.3%（P〈0.01）、99.8%（P〈0.01）、102.6%（P〈0.01）、17.0%（P=0.01）、11.9%（P=0.05）;在湿面筋、吸水率和延伸性上分别低3.5%（P=0.12）,0.5%（P=0.31）和6.3%（P=0.08）。以上研究结果表明,在黑龙江省小麦生产密度下（密度为650株·m^-2）,5＋10亚基在超强筋小麦品种小冰麦33遗传背景下对多数品质指标均有较大的改善。     

Agronomic and quality characteristics of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) with HMW glutenin subunits 5+10

Sets of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) lines derived from the cv. Presto with HMW glutenin allele Glu-D1d (subunits 5+10) translocated from bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosome 1D to chromosome 1R were evaluated for agronomic and grain quality characteristics in 2002–2005. Two different translocation types were used: (a) single translocation 1R.1D₅₊₁₀-2 where the long arm of 1R carries the wheat segment from 1DL with the Glu-D1d replacing a secalin locus Sec-3, (b) double translocation Valdy where the long arm of 1R has the translocation 1R.1D₅₊₁₀-2 and the short arm has a segment from 1DS carrying wheat loci Gli-D1 and Glu-D3. The presence of Glu-D1d was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE-ISTA) and DNA markers. The tested lines of triticale were compared with the check triticale cv. Presto and with wheat cultivars of different bread making quality (E-C quality classes). Single translocation 1R.1D₅₊₁₀-2 reduced grain yield by 16% and Valdy translocation by 24% as compared with cv. Presto. The Valdy translocation had substantially shortened spike length and reduced specific weight in comparison with check cv. Presto. Wet gluten content (according to the Perten method) was 12% in both translocation types, 8% in check Presto and on average 24% in wheat. Translocations increased the Zeleny sedimentation value (Valdy — 27 ml, 1R.1D₅₊₁₀-2 – 25 ml, cv. Presto — 23 ml). Triticale had a very low Hagberg falling number (FN) of 62–70 s without significant differences, while wheat had on average 301 s. The translocations did not significantly increase loaf volume; however, they improved loaf shape (height/width ratio): Valdy — 0.61, 1R.1D₅₊₁₀-2 – 0.56, cv. Presto 0.44, wheat on average 0.70. The dough was non-sticky in Valdy, slightly sticky in 1R.1D₅₊₁₀-2 and sticky in cv. Presto. Problems with a low FN for improving bread making quality of triticale are discussed. Higher bread making quality can be influenced by appropriate combination with donors of low α-amylase activity.     

青稞高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基SDS PAGE分析

 对87份青稞和13份野生大麦进行SDS PAGE分析,结果发现,供试材料的HMW GS条带单一,大多只有1条带,个别材料有2条带,而且条带的位置也变化不大,仅有3种条带位置,且基本介于小麦HMW GS的7亚基至12亚基位置之间。因此,根据条带迁移位置的不同对参试材料的3种条带命名为A,B,C,分别对应着A,B,C亚基。87份青稞材料共出现了A,B,C,AC等4种带型,分别对应着56,1,27,3号青稞材料,各带型分别占64.4%,1.1%,31.0%,3.4%;其中A,B,C为单带带型,AC为双带带型;出现AC带型的原因是材料中同时存在A带型和C带型的种子。青稞和野生大麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基类型较单一,变异不丰富,多态性较低。本试验对青稞高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基多态性的研究可为其面粉加工利用和品质改良提供科学依据     

High Molecular Weight (HMW) Glutenin Subunit Composition of Some Nordic and Middle European Wheats

A collection of 123 winter and 106 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and breeding lines commonly grown in Nordic and Middle European countries were characterised for the composition of high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits on the ground of data from literature and experiments of author. HMW glutenin subunit composition was determined by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The present database includes data for cultivars and breeding lines from Finland (FIN – 56), Estonia (EST – 27), Sweden (SW – 27), Germany (D – 24), Lithuania (LIT – 17), United Kingdom (UK – 6), France (F – 3), Poland (POL – 5), Italy (IT – 7), Netherlands (NL – 6), Norway (NOR – 12), Russian Federation (RUS – 14 items). The occurrence of individual alleles and corresponding HMW glutenin subunits in surveyed cultivars is demonstrated. Special attention has been paid to cultivars growing in neighbouring countries with the aim to apply them in Estonian plant breeding. The database consists of 4 tables with data of HMW glutenin subunits, encoding them Glu-1 alleles, quality score and sources of data. The database could be useful for varietal identification and for plant breeders to improve wheat quality and accelerate the breeding process.