一粒葡8-5-2和P5小麦杂交后代种子贮藏蛋白分析

[目的]探明优质小麦杂交后代的种子贮藏蛋白组成变化。[方法]采用SDS-PAGE分析2个亲本小麦株系一粒葡8-5-2和P5及其杂交F3株系的高分子量（HMW）谷蛋白组成,并对谷蛋白亚基评分;采用A-PAGE方法分析醇溶蛋白谱带。[结果]杂交后代株系中共出现4种HMW谷蛋白亚基组合类型,优质亚基及亚基组合所占的比例较多,其中Glu-A1位点1亚基出现频率为77.8%、Glu-D1位点5＋10亚基出现频率高达89.9%,杂交后代平均品质评分高达8分。A-PAGE方法分析表明,在醇溶蛋白谱带中,供试F3株系在ω区域出现3种变异,在γ、β、α3个区域变化不明显。[结论]该研究为增加杂种后代选择的准确性和提高品质育种效率提供了重要参考。     

培育小麦谷蛋白亚基近等基因系的两种方法

为研究麦谷蛋白亚基对小麦加工品质的影响,进行高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基近等基因系的创制期间,结合常规育种实践总结了两种高效培育小麦谷蛋白亚基近等基因系的新方法,以期拓宽近等基因系的培育技术,推动小麦品质研究和育种的发展。（1）SDS辅助选择的分株回交技术。该方法利用小麦自花授粉和分蘖特性,借助SDS-PAGE室内辅助选择目标亚基植株,结合经典近等基因系培育方法,提高了非直观性状基因近等基因系的培育成功率。（2）借助SDS辅助选择,并结合大田系谱育种技术而形成的杂合系谱法。本方法结合大田常规系谱育种,借助SDS-PAGE辅助选择目标亚基株系,同一组合内大量培育双亲中间类型遗传背景的近等基因系,较大的提高了培育效率。     

矮孟牛及其衍生品种（系）HMW GS、蛋白质含量及沉淀值的演化分析

为了探讨小麦骨干亲本育成许多品种的遗传基础及主要性状在后代品种中的遗传传递,分析了矮孟牛的3个原始亲本、7个种质姊妹系及128个衍生品种(系)的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)、籽粒蛋白质含量、沉淀值及其演化情况.结果表明,原始亲本、矮孟牛种质姊妹系及衍生品种(系)籽粒蛋白质含量的平均值分别为12.07%、12.93%和12.38%,变幅分别为11.58%～12.48%、11.71%～13.98%和10.42%～14.38%;沉淀值的平均值分别为32.12、32.76和23.29 mL,变幅分别为25.41～29.39 mL、19.71～31.86 mL、14.42～45.26mL.说明在衍生品种(系)中,蛋白含量和沉淀值的遗传基础均被拓宽了.在HMW-GS方面,衍生品种(系)比原始亲本和姊妹系增加了2*、17+18、5+10和2+10亚基,说明各育种单位在利用其高产、高抗等优质性状的同时也对品质性状进行了改良.     

马卡小麦高分子谷蛋白亚基遗传变异分析

利用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)方法对29份马卡小麦材料进行了高分子谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)分析。结果表明,供试材料中存在着较丰富的亚基变异,共检测到9种亚基类型和9种亚基组合。其中,Glu-A1位点上null亚基出现频率最高,达82·8%。Glu-B1位点上7+8为优势亚基(占53·3%),7+9亚基出现频率也较高23·3%。Glu-D1位点上优势亚基为2+12(占82·8%)。供试材料品质评分变幅为4~8分,平均为6·2分。     

Agronomic and quality characteristics of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) with HMW glutenin subunits 5+10

Sets of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) lines derived from the cv. Presto with HMW glutenin allele Glu-D1d (subunits 5+10) translocated from bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosome 1D to chromosome 1R were evaluated for agronomic and grain quality characteristics in 2002–2005. Two different translocation types were used: (a) single translocation 1R.1D₅₊₁₀-2 where the long arm of 1R carries the wheat segment from 1DL with the Glu-D1d replacing a secalin locus Sec-3, (b) double translocation Valdy where the long arm of 1R has the translocation 1R.1D₅₊₁₀-2 and the short arm has a segment from 1DS carrying wheat loci Gli-D1 and Glu-D3. The presence of Glu-D1d was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE-ISTA) and DNA markers. The tested lines of triticale were compared with the check triticale cv. Presto and with wheat cultivars of different bread making quality (E-C quality classes). Single translocation 1R.1D₅₊₁₀-2 reduced grain yield by 16% and Valdy translocation by 24% as compared with cv. Presto. The Valdy translocation had substantially shortened spike length and reduced specific weight in comparison with check cv. Presto. Wet gluten content (according to the Perten method) was 12% in both translocation types, 8% in check Presto and on average 24% in wheat. Translocations increased the Zeleny sedimentation value (Valdy — 27 ml, 1R.1D₅₊₁₀-2 – 25 ml, cv. Presto — 23 ml). Triticale had a very low Hagberg falling number (FN) of 62–70 s without significant differences, while wheat had on average 301 s. The translocations did not significantly increase loaf volume; however, they improved loaf shape (height/width ratio): Valdy — 0.61, 1R.1D₅₊₁₀-2 – 0.56, cv. Presto 0.44, wheat on average 0.70. The dough was non-sticky in Valdy, slightly sticky in 1R.1D₅₊₁₀-2 and sticky in cv. Presto. Problems with a low FN for improving bread making quality of triticale are discussed. Higher bread making quality can be influenced by appropriate combination with donors of low α-amylase activity.     

主栽小麦品种中5+10亚基对品质改良的影响

 利用生化标记和选择性回交 (5～ 6次 )的方法将 5 +10亚基转移到黑龙江省主栽小麦品种克旱 9、克丰3、龙麦 2 0和垦大 4中。同一品种的 5 +10亚基类型与 2 +12或 3+12亚基类型相比 ,蛋白质和干面筋含量没有差别 (P >0 .1) ,湿面筋与干面筋的比值低 2 .9%～ 5 .0 % (P <0 .0 1) ,Zeleny沉降值与干面筋的比值高4 .5 %～ 13.4 %(P <0 .0 5 ) ,软化度低 15～ 2 5FU(P <0 .0 1) ,最大阻力高 82～ 193EU(P <0 .0 5 )。讨论了这种方法在改造现有小麦主栽品种中的应用。     

一对HMW-GS近等基因系面粉品质、 面团流变学和烘烤品质的研究

对龙麦15(1,7+8,2+12)和新龙麦15(1,7+8,5+10)这对高分子量(HMW)麦谷蛋白亚基近等基因系进行了品质分析。结果表明含5+10 亚基的新龙麦15在蛋白质含量、干面筋、粉质仪测得的吸水率和拉伸仪测得的延伸性方面与含2+12亚基的龙麦15是相同的。在两者的籽粒蛋白质含量均为13.5%（干基）时,含5+10亚基的新龙麦15比含2+12亚基的龙麦15在Zeleny沉降值、稳定时间、最大抗延阻力和面包体积上分别高10%、60%、50%和50 ml;在湿面筋和形成时间上含5+10亚基的龙麦15略低于含2+12 亚基的龙麦15。     

小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基14+15、7+8、1与部分品质性状关系的研究

利用在1B上含有14 15亚基的山农910180—3和在1B上含有7 8亚基的淄麦12进行杂交，在分离后代中得到14 15和7 8亚基的株系，分析了它们的蛋白质含量、干、湿面筋含量、沉降值和面筋指数等5个品质性状。品质性状的方差和相关性分析表明：14 15亚基对小麦加工品质有很大的贡献，好于7 8亚基，14 15亚基对沉降值的贡献比7 8亚基大18％；对14 15亚基、1亚基与面筋指数的关系也进行了探讨，结果表明，虽然14 15、1亚基对沉降值的影响是一致的，但对面筋指数的影响却不相同；在高蛋白质水平上，蛋白质含量和沉降值呈显著负相关；沉降值与面筋指数呈正相关。     

Transge ne inheritance, segregation and expression in bread wheat

Transgene integration, inheritance and expression were studied in six transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum) lines produced by co-bombardment with two plasmids containing marker genes and genes encoding HMW subunits of wheat glutenin, respectively. Transgene insertion number ranged from 1 to approximately 15. Within a transgenic locus the majority of plasmid copies were found at dispersed genomic sites separated by intervening DNA. However, evidence was obtained for the arrangement of introduced plasmid copies as concatamers and for plasmid truncation and rearrangement. Transgenes were frequently located in genetically unlinked chromosome sites, resulting in independent segregation of loci among progeny. In two lines this gave rise to progeny containing only the gene of interest. Transgenes were inherited in the T₁ generation as a dominant trait although Mendelian segregation ratios were not always observed. No evidence of co-suppression of endogenous HMW subunits was observed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基变异与加工品质关系的研究

用扬麦１５８分别与强面筋品种安农９１９２和Ｋａｒｌ组配成２个杂交组合,分析了其Ｆ４代９３个株系的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成及有关品质性状,研究了不同的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基及亚基组合对品质性状的影响。结果表明,Ｇｌｕ－Ａｌ的等位变异（亚基１和Ｎ）Ｇｌｕ－ｄｌ的等位变异（亚基５＋１０和２＋１２）对ＳＤＳ沉淀值、和面时间、耐揉性和ＧＭＰ含量有显著影响,对蛋白质含量、和面图峰高的影响较小。亚基１和５＋１０与强