大豆对CO2、O3污染的逆境反应

研究大豆对CO2、O3污染的逆境反应.以浓度分别700 mg/m^2的CO2、110 μg/m^3的O3以及二者混合气体,分别处理不同生育阶段的大豆叶片,测定其逆境下生理指标的变化.700 mg/m^2CO2条件下,大豆叶片中MDA、SOD、Oˉ2·ABA、CaM含量下降;可溶性糖（WSS）含量上升;110 μg/m^3O3浓度条件下,上述指标相反.CO2与O3混合,表现CO2具有抑制O3的氧化作用.伴随CO2浓度升高对O3浓度升高的胁迫产生同步抑制作用.     

双向电泳结合蛋白质印迹技术分析猪囊尾蚴乳酸脱氢酶

为了研究猪囊尾蚴乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的表达,试验选择四川省雅江县呷拉乡猪带绦虫病患者,给其口服槟榔-南瓜子驱虫,收集、制备虫卵悬液(8万个/mL),再给3头20日龄三元杂交乳猪猪灌胃虫卵悬液,每头1 mL,40 d后收集、制备猪囊尾蚴蛋白,进行双向电泳(2-DE)分析,将凝胶蛋白斑点转移至聚偏氟乙烯膜(PVDF膜),用自制的大鼠抗猪带绦虫LDH血清作为一抗、健康大鼠血清作为阴性对照进行蛋白质印迹(Western-blotting)分析。结果表明:双向电泳凝胶共检测到(207±9)个蛋白质斑点,相对分子质量(Mr)为14 400～94 000,等电点(pI)为3.0～10.0;试验组特异性抗原抗体阳性杂交斑点为1个,阴性对照未见阳性杂交斑点;将Western-blotting检测的抗原抗体阳性杂交斑点与原双向电泳凝胶斑点进行比对,找到对应蛋白斑点,经ImageMaster 2D Platinum 5.0软件分析后初步确定该蛋白斑点的pI/Mr为7.03/35 368,与猪带绦虫LDH的pI/Mr理论推导值接近,说明猪囊尾蚴表达LDH。     

Decline‐associated Phaeoacremonium species occurring on forest trees in the north of Iran

Between 2013 and 2015, several surveys were conducted throughout forest areas in the north of Iran with the aim of isolating and identifying fungi present on trees showing decline symptoms. Fungal species, isolated from symptomatic wood tissues of various tree genera, including Zelkova, Acer, Parrotia, Quercus, Diospyros, Fagus, Fraxinus, Populus, Pinus, Pterocarya, Gleditsia, Carpinus, Ulmus, Crataegus, Alnus, Mespilus, Punica, Cydonia, Cupressus and Prunus, were morphologically identified and characterized. A molecular identification based on comparisons of DNA sequences of the β‐tubulin gene allowed us to identify seven species belonging to Phaeoacremonium; namely, Phaeoacremonium parasiticum, Pm. alvesii, Pm. minimum, Pm. iranianum, Pm. scolyti, Pm. fraxinopennsylvanicum and Pm. croatiense were isolated and identified. Phaeoacremonium minimum was the most common species and isolated from Gleditsia caspica, Parrotia persica, Cydonia oblonga and Alnus glutinosa. Pathogenicity on selected plants using a mycelium plug inoculation method revealed that most of these species are pathogenic to all the tested trees, with Pm. parasiticum and Pm. minimum being the most pathogenic species. According to host plant species and geographical distribution, the majority of Phaeoacremonium species found represent new records. This is also the first report of Pm. croatiense in Iran and outside Croatia.     

Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (ω-3) Supplementation on Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors with a Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet

Background: the ketogenic diet (KD) has become a widely used nutritional approach for weight loss. Some of the KD’s positive effects on metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors are similar to those seen after n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3) supplementation. We hypothesized that a ketogenic Mediterranean diet with phytoextracts combined with ω-3 supplementation may have increased positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation. Methods: We analyzed 34 male overweight subjects; aged between 25 and 65 years who were overall healthy apart from overweight. The subjects followed a ketogenic diet protocol for four weeks; with (KDO3) or without (KD) ω-3 supplementation. Results: All subjects experienced a significant loss of body weight and body fat and there was no significant differences between treatment (body weight: KD—4.7 kg, KDO3—4.03 kg, body fat KD—5.41 kg, KDO3—5.86 kg). There were also significant decreases in total cholesterol, LDL-c, and glucose levels. Triglycerides and insulin levels decreased more in KDO3 vs. KD subjects, with a significant difference. All the investigated inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) decreased significantly in KDO3 subjects whilst only TNF-α showed a significant decrease in KD subjects over the 12 month study period. No significant changes were observed in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1Ra), creatinine, urea and uric acid. Adiponectin increased significantly only in the KDO3 group. Conclusions: ω-3 supplementation improved the positive effects of a ketogenic Mediterranean diet with phytoextracts on some cardiovascular/metabolic risk factors and inflammatory state.     

赤霉素和磷肥配合施用对胡麻光合酶活性及其产量形成的影响

为探究赤霉素和磷肥配合施用对胡麻叶片光合酶活性以及籽粒产量的影响,以‘轮选2号’为材料,采用田间二因素裂区试验设计,研究了不同磷肥用量水平(P₀:0 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅,P₁:67.5 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅,P₂:135 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅)和赤霉素(Gibberellin acid, GA₃)喷施浓度(G₀:0 mg L^-1,G₁:15 mg·L^-1,G₂:30 mg·L^-1)对胡麻光合同化酶活性、干物质积累量及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明：施磷和喷施赤霉素均显著提高了胡麻叶片RuBP(Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate)、PEP(Phospho...     

水环境中2,4-D光降解、O_3/H_2O_2降解的研究进展

综述了水环境中2,4-D光降解、O_3/H_2O_2降解的理论依据。主要对水溶液中2,4-D的降解所涉及的影响因素(包括辐射强度、吸光物质、pH、温度)对降解产生的影响作用和机理作了介绍,并进行了展望。     

口蹄疫病毒3C蛋白多克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

扩增口蹄疫病毒(FMDV) 3C蛋白编码基因,将其克隆到原核表达载体,并转化至大肠杆菌BL21中进行诱导表达; 3C重组蛋白纯化后免疫新西兰大白兔,制备多克隆抗体,通过ELISA和Western blot检测多克隆抗体的效价和特异性,并将该抗体通过间接免疫荧光(IFA)和Western blot应用于3C的检测。ELISA结果显示,制备的3C蛋白多克隆抗体效价达1∶256 000; IFA结果显示,该抗体能够检测到3C蛋白在细胞中的定位; Western blot结果显示,该多克隆抗体能够检测到在细胞中过表达的3C蛋白。本研究制备的FMDV 3C蛋白多克隆抗体为FMDV及其3C蛋白的相关研究提供了重要的物质基础。     

宁夏小麦Glu-A3与Glu-B3位点等位变异组成分析

低分子量谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)与小麦品质密切相关。为给宁夏小麦的品质改良提供参考,应用STS分子标记,对宁夏98份小麦品种Glu-A3和Glu-B3位点的等位基因变异类型组成进行检测和分析。结果表明,宁夏98份小麦品种Glu-A3位点存在Glu-A3a(4.0%)、Glu-A3b(2.0%)、Glu-A3c(55.1%)、GluA3d(10.1%)和Glu-A3e(28.5%)5种等位变异;Glu-B3位点存在Glu-B3a(2.0%)、Glu-B3b(8.1%)、Glu-B3c(5.0%)、Glu-B3d(7.1%)、Glu-B3f(21.4%)、Glu-B3g(2.0%)、Glu-B3h(15.3%)和Glu-B3i(13.3%)8种等位变异。宁夏参试品种共存在23种等位变异组合形式,其中引黄灌区存在18种组合类型,Glu-A3c/Glu-B3j(17.7%)和Glu-A3e/Glu-B3f(16.2%)组合类型较为普遍;宁南山区存在13种组合类型,以Glu-A3c/Glu-B3i(20.0%)组合类型为主。在参试的宁夏小麦品种中,对同一地区不同来源品种而言,改良品种的LMW-GS遗传多样性明显较引进品种和地方品种更丰富。     

植物生长调节剂2,4-D和GA3对微茫藻18A8(Micractinium sp.)生长和油脂积累的影响

实验室分离到1株含油量高并且生长迅速的微茫藻18A8(Micractinium sp.)藻株,将其培养在高碳培养基TAP上,研究了不同浓度的植物激素2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)和赤霉素(GA3)对其生物量和油脂积累的影响。结果表明：分别添加2,4-D(2 μmol/L)和GA3(1 μmol/L)对藻株的生长有明显的促进作用,其最大生物量比对照组分别增加75.26%和47.41%,但其油脂含量与对照组相比却有所降低,分别降低了23.49%和29.89%;而当增加2,4-D和GA3浓度为10和5 μmol/L时,对藻株的生长表现出明显的抑制作用,其最大生物量比对照组减少了72.83%和60.70%,但其油脂含量与对照组相比显著增加,分别增加149.45%和95.75%。同时,分别添加2,4-D(10 μmol/L)和GA3(5 μmol/L)的实验藻种的蛋白质和总糖含量较对照组有所降低,此外叶绿素含量和光合效率也降低。     

猪氨基酸代谢节俭机制新假说

猪尿氮排放量为总氮排放量的60%~70%,而尿素是尿液中的主要含氮物,其合成速率在很大程度上决定着尿氮以及总氮的排放量。因此,降低猪肝脏尿素合成速率是减少氮排放量的根本途径。本文首先介绍了当前猪氮减排常用的营养调控技术,然后分别就肝脏尿素合成的直接前体物(氨)与间接前体物(如甘氨酸和丙氨酸)以及氨基酸代谢燃料功能替代机制进行论述,在此基础上提出猪氨基酸代谢节俭机制新假说,即促进丙酮酸/葡萄糖等物质的供能效率,以降低谷氨酸等氨基酸的代谢速率,从而达到减少门静脉尿素前体物净流量、肝脏尿素合成以及尿氮排放量的目的。