云南地方稻种籼粳亚种的生态群分类及其地理生态分布

用程-王分类体系对云南收集保存的地方稻种资源进行系统分类和遗传变异研究表明：(1)云南是中国稻种最大的遗传多样化中心和优异种质的富集地区及其天然宝库,受中国与南亚两个稻种独立起源中心的强烈影响,因而形成了云南尤其是滇西南稻种资源类型的多样性举世瞩目。(2)云南地方稻种分为籼粳2个亚种及其6大生态群,其中热带     

雌核发育草鱼的遗传结构分析和微卫星鉴别方法的建立

采用微卫星标记检测草鱼群体的遗传多样性,并根据纯合度的变化建立了雌核发育草鱼的鉴别技术。结果显示,8个位点共扩增出33个等位基因;在普通草鱼中,平均纯合度和PIC分别为0.203 1和0.552 8;在雌核发育群体中,则为0.716 1和0.357 2;2个群体间遗传相似度为0.873 3。其中,5个位点在雌核发育草鱼中纯合度明显提高,雌核发育草鱼在这5个位点的扩增总条带数为5~7个,普通草鱼则为8~10个,由此可100%区分2个草鱼群体。通过概率计算,理论鉴别概率达到99.92%。研究表明,雌核发育技术对草鱼的群体遗传结构改变较大,是快速建立纯系、固定优良性状的有效手段;根据群体遗传纯合度的改变、扩增条带数目差异,应用多态性微卫星分子标记可以简单、有效地区分雌核发育群体(或与之相似的高度近交群体)与普通群体。     

Isolation and characterization of a 20 kD prolamin from kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) (L.): Homology with other millets and cereals

The homologus 20 kD prolamin from kodo millet and other minor millets viz. barnyard, little and foxtail millets, were purified using preparative gel electrophoresis and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The amino acid composition of the purified 20 kD prolamin protein from different minor millets revealed higher content of glutamic acid, alanine, leucine and serine and lower quantity of lysine and methionine. They contain 55 to 58 percent of non-polar amino acids which make them more hydrophobic than other protein fractions. The total number of amino acid residues per polypeptide chain ranged from 152 to 155 based on theoretical calculation. Peptide mapping of the 20 kD prolamin hydrolyzed with trypsin gave fewer cleavage products than expected. The antigenic relationships among these minor millets and cereals viz. wheat, maize, rice, sorghum, finger millet and pearl millet were studied using the antibody raised against the 20 kD prolamin. Cross reactivity was seen in all the minor millets at the 20 kD region. But in barnyard and little millets lower molecular weight polypeptides also cross reacted with the antibody. Immunoblotting studies revealed that the prolamins from other cereals and millets are related to the 20 kD prolamin of kodo millet. Rice was the only common cereal that did not cross react immunologically with the antibody raised against 20 kD prolamin of kodo millet.     

Improving Drought Tolerance of Rice by Designed QTL Pyramiding

Drought is the most important factor limiting rice yields in the rainfed areas of Asia. To overcome the problem, we developed a new strategy ＇designed QTL pyramiding＇ to more efficiently develop drought tolerant （DT） rice cultivars. In the first phase of this strategy, we developed large numbers of introgression lines （ILs） in elite backgrounds using backcross （BC） breeding, each of which carries multiple genomic segments for improved DT from a known donor. Then, we genotyped all ILs with SSR markers to track the genomewide pattern of introgression in the DT ILs of 16 BC populations derived from crosses between 2 recipients （IR64 and Teqing） and four different donors. X^2 tests and linkage disequilibrium analyses of introgression in the DT ILs revealed significant frequency shifts at many loci across the genome and non-random associations at the multilocus level as a result of selection for DT in the ILs, which led us to the discovery of putative genetic networks underlying DT in the ILs. The networks each containing all DT loci detected in ILs from a BC population showed some interesting features.     

贵州野生枇杷资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

本文采用ISSR标记,构建了贵州39份野生枇杷种质的DNA指纹图谱,并对其遗传多样性进行了评价。结果表明,以筛选出的15条引物进行PCR扩增,获得清晰、重复性好的谱带125条,其中多态性谱带108条,多态性比例为86.4%;应用引物815、825和841的组合,构建了39份枇杷种质的ISSR指纹图谱,可以有效区分所有供试材料;15条引物的谱带数据聚类分析表明,供试种质的遗传相似性系数为0.40~0.98,在相似性系数为0.70时,可将供试种质分成五大类。聚类结果与种质表型相关,与地理分布的相关性不明显。     

应用AFLP标记分析枣品种亲缘关系

从分子水平研究宁夏红枣品种系统发育和亲缘关系,为宁夏枣种质资源的保护和利用提供科学依据。利用AFLP标记方法对原产宁夏地区7个枣品种和6个从区外引种的枣品种基因组DNA进行分析。筛选出的5对AFLP引物组合对13个供试材料共扩增出351条DNA带,其中301条为多态带(占85.75%),平均每个引物扩增多态性带70条。13个材料间的遗传相似系数为0.376～0.957。UPGMA聚类表明,13个材料在相似系数0.85处被划分为5个类。宁夏地域相对狭小,品种交流频繁,从而造成该产区枣品种间亲缘关系较近,演化关系复杂。枣虽然品种资源丰富、分布范围广泛,但遗传多样性相对较小。     

我国铁皮石斛资源遗传多样性研究进展

铁皮石斛是我国传统的药食兼用植物,具有生津、止渴、镇痛、消除水肿等功效。概述我国铁皮石斛种质资源表型遗传多样性和分子遗传多样性方面的研究,以期为未来铁皮石斛种质资源的育种和综合利用提供参考。     

我国大陆甘蔗骨干亲本亲缘关系分析

对50多年来我国甘蔗育种计划的骨干亲本进行亲缘关系分析,结果表明,在统计的186个品种中,全部含POJ2878或其姐妹系POJ2725的血缘,65.59%含F134的血缘.21个骨干亲本育成品种数达163个,占87.63%.21个骨干亲本包含了甘蔗属热带种、割手密、印度种和大茎野生种中2～4个种的血缘,它们之间的共祖系数分布在0.012～0.387之间.在以早期引进品种为主要亲本的阶段,骨干亲本间的共祖系数为0.023～0.285,平均为0.133;以自育品种为主的阶段,骨干亲本间的共祖系数明显较高,达0.051～0.307,平均为0.189;在大量利用野生种质创新材料和新引进品种作亲本的阶段,骨干亲本间的共祖系数平均为0.088,亲本结构得到改善.为扩大甘蔗品种遗传基础,宜选用亲缘关系较远的亲本组配杂交组合.亲本间的共祖系数可作为一个评价亲缘关系的指标.     

基于径向基神经网络的叶轮轴面投影图优化

为了提高余热排出泵的效率,采用拉丁超立方试验设计方法对叶轮轴面投影图上的前盖板圆弧半径、后盖板圆弧半径、前盖板倾角和后盖板倾角4个几何变量进行35组叶轮方案设计,应用ANSYS CFX 14.5软件对余热排出泵进行定常数值模拟,得到设计工况下的效率,应用径向基神经网络建立效率与轴面投影图的4个几何变量之间的近似模型,最后采用遗传算法对近似模型进行极值寻优,获得最优的轴面投影图几何参数组合。研究结果表明:对比原始泵的数值模拟性能曲线和试验外特性能曲线,两者吻合较好;径向基神经网络能较好地预测泵设计点效率;优化的轴面投影图使得余热排出泵的水力效率提高了6.18个百分点,改善了叶轮内流场特性。因此,叶轮轴面投影图的优化设计方法是可行的。     

Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Barley Cultivars Reveals Incongruence Between S-SAP,SNP and Pedigree Data

Accurate assessment of genetic similarity is important for plant breeding, germplasm enhancement and conservation of plant genetic resources. A comparative analysis of genome diversity among a group of six-rowed spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars was carried out using sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (S-SAP) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), with the results compared to the kinship coefficients derived from the pedigree data. Mean pair-wise GS values were estimated to be 0.0957 ± 0.144 (Kinship), 0.491 ± 0.189 (SNPs), and 0.602 ± 0.098 (S-SAPs). S-SAP and SNP-based genetic similarity (GS) values were normally distributed but kinship values had a non-normal and skewed distribution. Pair-wise correlation of GS values were lowest for the S-SAP and the SNP matrices (r =; 0.040, p<0.230) and highest for the SNP and pedigree matrices (r =; 0.240, p < 0.001). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) attributed about 90.4% of observed variation to the cultivars within each of the malting and feed groups. Variance component between malting and feed groups was 6.6% for both SNP and S-SAP data suggesting lack of a significant genetic differentiation along this agronomic division. The remaining 3% of variation was attributed to genetic diversity within cultivars. Although both DNA-based marker systems were able to differentiate all barley cultivars, significant difference were observed in the pattern of genetic relationships obtained by the two marker systems and the pedigree data.