Identification and molecular characterization of border disease virus (BDV) from sheep in India

Pestiviruses isolated from sheep and goats in India thus far have been bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (BVDV-1) or BVDV-2. During routine genetic typing of pestiviruses in the years 2009-10, border disease virus (BDV) was detected in eight Indian sheep of a flock showing clinical signs of BD by real time RT-PCR. All the samples yielded positive virus isolates in cell culture but were found negative by a BVDV antigen ELISA. A representative BDV isolate was characterized at genetic and antigenic level. Phylogenetic analysis carried out in 5′-UTR, N^pro and E2 regions of genome typed the Indian BDV isolate as BDV-3. A more detailed analysis in N^pro and entire region coding structural proteins showed that the N^pro (168), C (100 aa), E^rns (227 aa), E1 (195 aa) and E2 (373 aa) proteins were of size characteristic for BDV reference strain X818. Antigenic differences were evident between the BDV-3 isolate and previously reported BDV-1, BDV-5 and BDV-7 strains. Although origin of BDV-3 in India is not clear, the results reflect probable introduction through trade in sheep between India and other countries or BDV-3 may be more widely distributed. Additionally, this study suggests that for diagnosis of BDV infection, the commercial BVDV Ag-ELISA should be used with caution. This is the first identification of BDV in sheep in India which highlights the need for continued pestivirus surveillance and assessing its impact on sheep and goat production.     

燕山板栗种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

为研究燕山板栗的遗传多样性,采用随机扩增多态DNA(randomamplifiedpolymorphicDNA,RAPD)技术对36份燕山板栗种质进行了分析。分析了燕山板栗的遗传丰富度,并对包括36个燕山板栗品种和8份外来板栗品种在内的44份板栗种质进行聚类分析。结果表明,RAPD能有效地区分品种间的差异,用16个随机引物经PCR扩增共得到132个片段,其中有83个多态性片段,占62.9%;不同遗传位点之间遗传多样度最大可达0.444,最小值为0.096,平均多样度为0.187;UPGMA法聚类,将44份板栗种质聚成4个大的类群,36份燕山板栗可分为3个大的类群,外来种质聚为一类。燕山板栗明显不同于外来品种。在RAPD图谱中,找到了19个品种(类型)的特异性标记和标记组合,可作为品种(类型)分子鉴别的依据。     

大白菜根肿病抗性与橘红心性状的遗传关系

以育成的黄心抗根肿病直筒叠抱型大白菜CR9112A和CR9112B为母本,直筒舒心橘红心大白菜龙园红1号JH-1自交系为父本,分别完成F1、F2及BC1F1各世代。验证龙园红1号橘红心性状的遗传规律,探究根肿病抗性与橘红心性状之间的遗传关系。抗性和花色鉴定结果表明：根肿病抗性与橘红心性状之间无连锁关系,二者表现为独立遗传。龙园红1号JH-1的基因型为msmsrrhh。提出了转育抗根肿病橘红心大白菜的遗传模式,以期获得经济性状优良的抗根肿病橘红心材料。     

Genetic parameters of growth and wood quality traits in Picea abies

Genetic parameters were estimated for wood and growth traits in two 19-yr-old clonal trials and a 40-yr-old full-sib progeny trial of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. In the clonal trials high (>0.4) broad-sense heritabilities were found for wood density traits, lignin content, number of internal cracks, growth traits, spiral grain and number of resin canals. Moderate (0.2–0.4) heritabilities were found for tracheid lumen diameter and cell wall thickness, microfibril angle and tracheid length, while low heritabilities (<0.2) were found for pulp yield, fibre strength, wood stiffness and wood colour. Lignin content and pulp yield showed low genetic variation, whereas the genotypic coefficient of variation for most other traits ranged between 5 and 15%. Most traits showed low levels of genotype by environment interaction. Among the wood properties, latewood proportion, earlywood density and ring density showed significant, adverse correlations with volume in both clonal trials.     

我国铁皮石斛资源遗传多样性研究进展

铁皮石斛是我国传统的药食兼用植物,具有生津、止渴、镇痛、消除水肿等功效。概述我国铁皮石斛种质资源表型遗传多样性和分子遗传多样性方面的研究,以期为未来铁皮石斛种质资源的育种和综合利用提供参考。     

云南地方稻种籼粳亚种的生态群分类及其地理生态分布

用程-王分类体系对云南收集保存的地方稻种资源进行系统分类和遗传变异研究表明：(1)云南是中国稻种最大的遗传多样化中心和优异种质的富集地区及其天然宝库,受中国与南亚两个稻种独立起源中心的强烈影响,因而形成了云南尤其是滇西南稻种资源类型的多样性举世瞩目。(2)云南地方稻种分为籼粳2个亚种及其6大生态群,其中热带     

甘肃省苜蓿种质资源遗传多样性RAPD分析

苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)是世界上重要的豆科牧草,了解栽培品种的遗传关系和遗传距离对于育种工作具有重要意义。本研究利用RAPD标记技术对甘肃省11个苜蓿栽培品种(群)进行遗传多样性分析,以期为进一步开展苜蓿新品种选育奠定基础。结果表明:10个随机引物共检测到132条谱带,其中107条为多态性带,多态性条带比率(PPB)高达81.1%;天水苜蓿和定西苜蓿之间的Roger’s遗传距离较远(0.4610),而与陇中苜蓿之间的遗传距离较近(0.1406);进一步的AMOVA分析显示苜蓿种群大部分的遗传变异发生在种群内(61.25%),有38.75%的遗传变异发生在种群间,种群分化不明显。     

Structure and diversity among rhizobial strains, populations and communities-a review

Published studies of rhizobial populations, communities and other strain collections were analysed to identify trends in strain richness, strain dominance and genetic diversity within and between locations. For individual populations and communities, strain richness indices were calculated by dividing the number of strain types identified by the number of isolates recovered. Where possible, strain dominance (the proportion of rhizobial isolates represented by each strain type) was also calculated. Analysis of the genetic diversity of populations, communities and rhizobial strain collections originating from diverse legume hosts and locations, was confined to studies using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) so that diversity could be compared on the basis of published H values. Strain richness indices were highly variable (0.02-0.94) and were influenced by both the discriminatory power of the strain typing method and the type and number of legume species used to recover rhizobia from soil. The strain richness of populations recovered either directly from soil, or from the nodules of trap hosts inoculated with the same soil, was similar. Because the arithmetic relationship between the number of strain types and number of isolates varies between different populations and communities, strain richness curves are proposed as the most appropriate method for reporting rhizobial structural diversity. Comparison of over 50 rhizobial populations and communities from published studies showed that strain dominance patterns in nodules were often similar. Typically, a single strain type occupies more than 30% of nodules with the majority of strain types being recovered at low frequency (∼75% of published populations and communities). Rhizobial populations and communities characterised by MLEE varied in their genetic diversity, with H values ranging from 0.06 to 0.78. In several studies, most of the genetic diversity within a site could be recovered from the nodules of a single plant. When hierarchical analyses were performed on populations within and between sites, the genetic diversity within sites was similar to the genetic diversity between sites. Similarly, the genetic diversity of strain collections originating from multiple hosts and locations was no more diverse than some individual populations and communities. Strain richness and genetic diversity measures were not always correlated for rhizobial populations. Populations with low strain richness were sometimes genetically diverse, and the relationship between the diversity measures varied for different legume species at the same location. We suggest that both strain richness and genetic diversity measures are required to fully describe rhizobial population and community diversity.     

利用ISSR分子标记分析44份红麻种质资源的遗传多样性

[目的]揭示不同地区来源红麻材料的遗传多样性及亲缘关系,为红麻遗传改良和分子标记辅助育种提供依据。[方法]用ISSR分子标记方法分析44份不同地区来源红麻种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,从91个ISSR引物中筛选出多态性较好、条带最清晰的21个引物对其进行PCR扩增,采用NTSYSpc-2．10e分析软件计算样品间的遗传相似系数,同时用UPGMA进行聚类分析,构建聚类图。[结果]21条引物共扩增出169条带,平均每个引物扩增出8．05条,其中多态性条带共141条,多态性条带比率为83．4％;当在遗传相似系数为o．887处作切割线L1时,可将44份红麻材料中的32份栽培品种与12份野生半野生材料分开;当在遗传相似系数为o．897处作切割线L2时,可将32份栽培种进一步细分为4个亚群;栽培种与野生半野生种间的遗传相似系数在o．47～0．91之间,表现出较大的遗传差异性,而32份栽培种材料中,遗传相似系数在o．85～0．97之间,表明栽培种材料间的亲缘关系较近,遗传多样性较为狭窄。[结论]ISSR可以较好地确定红麻种质资源的遗传多样性的亲缘关系,能够为杂交育种亲本选择组配提供有价值的分子水平上的信息,可为开展红麻核心种质DNA图谱研究奠定基础。     

长江口刀鲚遗传多样性的随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析

用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对长江口刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)30个个体的遗传多样性进行了检测,从40个随机引物中筛选出17个对每个刀鲚的DNA进行扩增,结果表明,17个引物共检测到148条清晰且重复性好的条带,分子量在200～2000bp之间,其中多态位点为86个,占58．11％;群体的Shannon多样性指数为0．1905,Nei基因多样性指数为0．2280;个体间最大遗传距离为0.212,最小遗传距离为0．092。通过与其他鱼类的遗传多样性的研究结果比较可初步判断,刀鲚群体的遗传多样性比较丰富。