尼罗非鲫和奥利亚非鲫线粒体DNA遗传差异的研究

以酶切MitochondrialDNA（mtDNA）技术检测了尼罗非鲫和奥利亚非鲫的mtDNA。测得两种鱼线粒体基因组的大小都约为16．83kb。在使用的6种酶中，只有PvuⅡ在所检测的15尾尼罗非鲫mtDNA上产生了多态片段，3尾鱼的mtDNA产生了4个片段，12尾鱼的mtDNA产生3个片段。而6种酶在所有15尾奥利亚非鲫中均未检到多态片段。比较两种鱼的mtDNA酶切片段，仅PvuⅡ的酶切结果有所不同，尼罗非鲫mtDNA上有3个或4个PvuⅡ位点，但奥利亚非鲫mtDNA上有5个位点，因此，PvuⅡ的酶切位点可作为鉴别它们的分子遗传标记。     

水产动物基因工程抗菌肽研究及其应用前景的研究

抗菌肽是水产动物体内非特异性免疫系统的第一道防线,在抵御外来病原微生物的过程中发挥着重要作用.来源于鱼、虾、蟹等水产动物的抗菌肽杀菌作用更强,溶血效应小,种类多样化,显示出比其它种类更具优势的应用前景.介绍了一些水产动物抗菌肽的研究近况、基因工程研究进展以及转抗菌肽基因在水产动物中的研究进展,并展望了其在水产领域的应用前景.     

中国对虾SRAP分子标记体系正交优化及在遗传多样性分析中的应用

利用正交设计L16(45)对影响中国对虾SRAP分子标记分析的5个因素(Taq酶,Mg2+,模板DNA,dNTP和引物浓度)在4个水平上进行了优化,筛选出各反应因素的最佳水平为:20μl反应体系中包含1.0UTaq酶,2.0mmol/L的Mg2+,40.0ng的模板DNA,0.125mmol/L的dNTP以及0.4μmol/L的引物,退火温度为53.5℃。研究表明,各因素的不同水平对扩增结果有显著影响,其中Mg2+影响最大,影响大小顺序依次为Mg2+,Taq酶,引物,dNTP和模板DNA。利用优化的SRAP分子标记体系对中国对虾"黄海1号"第12世代选育群体进行了遗传多样性分析,实验结果表明,此标记技术可作为中国对虾遗传分析的良好技术工具。遗传多样性分析共筛选出8对可以扩增出清晰稳定条带的引物组合,共获得171个位点,其中多态性位点154个,占90.08%;有效等位基因数为1.7741,期望杂合度均值为0.4219,Shannon多样性指数为0.6055。上述参数值均高于应用AFLP技术对前几代选育群体的遗传多样性分析结果。     

用线粒体D-loop和Cyt b基因序列分析拉氏(鲮)3个群体的遗传结构和遗传分化

用线粒体DNA的D-loop和Cytb基因序列分析方法研究了吉林延吉、敦化和辽宁法台3个区域的29尾拉氏鱼岁Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowsky的遗传多样性.经PCR扩增和测序,获得了783～785bp D-loop和818bpCyt b的同源序列.两者多态性遗传参数统计显示,29尾个体分别存在47(D-loop)和89(Cyt b)个变异位点,分别检测出15 (D-loop)和1l(Cyt b)个单倍型,总群体单倍型(Hd)分别为0.8966 (D-loop)和0.8990(Cyt b),核苷酸多样性指数(Px)分别为0.0246(D-loop)和0.0498 (Cyt b),平均核苷酸差异数(K)分别为19.2857(D-loop)和40.7365(Cytb).分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果表明,79.02％(D-loop)和81.69％(Cyt b)变异来自群体间,20.98％(D-loop)和18.31％(Cyt b)来自群体内.单倍型呈明显的地理差异,分成2个分支,一个以延吉群体为主,一个以法台群体为主.拉氏(鲮)的遗传多样性水平较高,群体间遗传分化明显.该结果可为拉氏(鲮)的种质资源保护提供参考.     

巨蛎属牡蛎遗传多样性研究

用ＲＰＤ方法获得的几种牡蛎间的遗传距离表明,我国北方海域确定存在大连湾牡蛎,褶牡蛎和近江牡蛎三种自然种。,它们同属巨蛎属。大连湾牡蛎,褶牡蛎和太平洋牡蛎互为姊妹种,近江牡蛎与它们互为非姊妹种。有无长牡蛎以及长牡蛎与上述三种牡蛎的关系有待进一步研究     

用RAPD分析对罗非鱼遗传变异的研究及其对杂种优势的应用

应用ＲＡＰＤ技术检测了一个奥利亚罗非鱼养殖群体和湘湖、美国和沙市三个尼罗非鱼和尼罗罗非鱼在群体内或群体间存在遗传差异。ＯＰＺ０６、Ｐ）Ｚ１０、ＯＰＺ１２和ＯＰＺ１９四个引物都有一个扩增片段具有种的特异性,可以作为临别尼罗罗非鱼和奥利亚罗非鱼的遗传标记。群体内遗传相似性指数（Ｓ）表明,湘湖、美国和沙市三群体尼罗罗非鱼都保留了较高水平的遗传变异（Ｓ分别为０．７９８、０．７９５和０８２４）,而奥利亚罗非     

Molecular identification and genetic analysis for 24 turf-type Cynodon cultivars by Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism markers

Bermudagrass (Cynodon ssp.) germplasm is genetically diverse and widely distributed in the world. The study was conducted to identify and assess the molecular variation and relationship among 24 cultivars developed in China, Australia and the USA. Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) was applied to cultivars identification in this study for the first time. Thirty of the 90 SRAP primer combinations generated a total of 274 clearly bands encompassing 249 (91%) polymorphic. Each bermudagrass cultivar has its unique binary code and can be distinguished from the others. Three distinct clusters were obtained by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages based on the polymorphic markers. Coefficients of genetic distance among the genotypes ranged from 0.57 to 0.97. The results demonstrated that SRAP marker is a stable molecular marker technique for the identification of bermudagrass cultivars and their genetic relationships.     

Isolation and characteristics of eight novel polymorphic microsatellite loci from the genome of garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Here we characterized eight novel polymorphic SSR markers, developed from an enriched genomic library of garlic (Allium sativum L.). These SSRs produced a total of 64 alleles across 90 garlic accessions, with an average of 8 alleles per locus. Values for observed (H_O) and expected (H_E) heterozygosity ranged from 0.16 to 0.77 (mean = 0.44) and from 0.22 to 0.86 (mean = 0.65), respectively. Six loci deviated significantly (P < 0.05) from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The averages of gene diversity and PIC values were 0.65 and 0.62, respectively. The mean genetic similarity coefficient was 0.4380, indicating that among garlic accessions existed wide genetic variation. Based on 64 alleles obtained by 8 SSRs, a phenogram was constructed to understand the relationships among the 90 accessions. These newly developed SSRs should prove very useful tools for genotypes identification, assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in garlic.     

Discrimination of ‘San Marzano’ accessions: A comparison of minisatellite, CAPS and SSR markers in relation to morphological traits

‘San Marzano’ (SM) is one of the most widely known tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars, and is a classic example of a local variety with a premium value. Unfortunately, the original cultivated form is underrepresented in the Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) area because of the incidence of contaminant and phenotypically similar genotypes. Our aim was to examine the ability of three DNA marker systems (minisatellite, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR)) to reveal the genetic diversity of tomato accessions that were, based on a morphological analysis, very similar. The data indicate that both minisatellites and SSRs can be used to genetically distinguish the analysed materials. Furthermore, these two marker systems depict relationships consistent with the hierarchal pattern obtained by the morphological data. As locally cultivated tomato accessions are often characterised by some degree of genetic variability, our results will be valuable in facilitating the purification, management and breeding of tomato germplasms. The differences between the marker systems employed are also discussed in relation to their usefulness in the agro-food chain.     

Origin and genetic diversity of Tunisian grapes as revealed by microsatellite markers

Ten SSR loci, previously developed for grapevine, were analyzed to evaluate the genetic variability, cultivar relatedness, and parentage in a collection of 61 autochthonous Vitis vinifera cultivars from Tunisia.The number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 11, while the number of genotype patterns varied between 10 and 21. The expected heterozygosity varied between 0.621 and 0.855 and the observed heterozygosity was higher than 0.9 at 4 loci (VVMD28, VVMD5, VVIP31 and VVS2) indicating that the SSRs were highly informative.Cluster analysis using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) suggested 14 groups among studied cultivars and 53 grapevine denominations out of 61 were unequivocally distinguished, with all accessions showing at least one-specific combination of alleles.On the other hand, in order to overcome the existing confusion in Tunisian grapevine nomenclature, of the analyzed homonymous pairs of cultivars, only ‘Balta 2’ and ‘Balta 3’ have shown identical allelic profiles, consistent with their being the same genotype. Hence, nomenclature distinction is meaningless and only one denomination should be retained.Due to the high overall power of exclusion (Q) (greater than 99.99%) and to the absence of null alleles, the set of microsatellite loci used is appropriate to determine parentage in Tunisian grapevines beyond any reasonable doubt. The analysis of fingerprints indicated that the Tunisian grape vines have evolved through out crossing between five possible parents: Balta 1, Beldi Baddar, Beldi Rafraf, Beldi Local Rafraf and Khedhiri 3.