Molecular polymorphism of cytoplasmic DNA in Ficus carica L.: Insights from non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA

The trnL (UAA) intron and the intergenic spacer between the 3′ exon of trnL (UAA) and trnF (GAA) sequences were used as genetic markers for differentiating Ficus carica cultivars and establishing refined genetic relationships. The study was based on 20 fig cultivars, collected from south and centre of Tunisia. Since, the intron was thought to be more variable among close relatives than is the chloroplast spacer. The size of these non-coding regions varied from 554 to 589 and from 989 to 1022 bases pairs for the intron and the combined sequences correspondingly. The average of GC content was 33.9% and 34.6% in the intron and the combined intron and spacer respectively. High values of A + T contents were detected in both data sets and may explain the high proportions of transversions founded. The observed variation pattern of plastid DNA provides evidence of an important genetic diversity. The overall transition/transversion bias (R) was 0.202 in the intron and 0.27 in the combined regions. The RI index of 0.592 indicates that these combined sequences have clearly more homoplasy then the intron (RI = 0.705) and spacer (RI = 0.777) sequences separately. Phylogenetic trees were generated based on maximum parsimony (MP) and neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis of the chloroplast sequences data. Results proved that a typically continuous genetic diversity characterizes the local fig germplasm. In fact, relationships inferred from the cpDNA analysis suggest several clades, which do not show geographical or tree sex correspondence. Although the level of apparent diversity is considerable, we may conclude that non-coding regions of chloroplast genome provide a new and practical opportunity to evaluate genetic diversity and to discriminate fig cultivars. Revealed cytoplasmic DNA markers are reliable to elaborate a molecular data base to conduct management and breeding programs on local fig germplasm.     

野生大豆遗传多样性研究Ⅰ4个天然居群等位酶水平的分析

本文采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术对分布于北京、山东和大连４个野生大豆天然居群共计１２０个体进行了等位酶水平遗传多样性分析。７个酶系统１３个等位酶位点的检测表明，该地区野生大豆天然居群遗传变异水平较高，多态位点比率Ｐ＝６９．２０，等位基因平均数Ａ＝１．７７，平均期望杂合度Ｈｅ＝０．１３３，居群间有较明显的遗传分化，基因分化系数Ｇｓｔ＝０．３９１，即有３９．１％的遗传变异存在于居群间。本文结果表明该地区遗     

十五种柑桔种质资源的RAPD分析

对柑桔15个材料（其中包含14个种，1个为品种）进行了RAPD分析，从结果看，各材料之间具有不同的遗传距离，供试材料聚为8个类群，分别为柠檬，柠檬群；香橼，小香橼群；柚，红心柚群；宜昌橙，香圆群；香橙，大翼橙群；红桔，温州蜜柑群；枳登，富民枳群；枳群。采用RAPD技术可作为品种鉴别，亲缘关系和分类的手段。对所得结果进行了讨论。     

番木瓜遗传改良研究进展

就番木瓜的株性和抗病性等性状遗传、杂交育种、人工诱变育种、离体培养、分子标记及基因工程育种等现代生物新技术育种方面的研究进展及相关问题进行了评述,重点综述了番木瓜株性遗传、远缘杂交与胚胎学、基因工程在抗环斑型花叶病毒病(PRSV)品种培育及分子标记辅助选择育种应用的研究进展,并分析了今后番木瓜育种的发展趋势。     

Tagging and mapping a second resistance gene for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium</Emphasis> wilt race 0 in chickpea

A second gene conferring resistance to the chickpea wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris race 0, has been mapped to linkage group 2 (LG2) of the chickpea genetic map. Resistance to race 0 is controlled by two genes which segregate independently; one present in accession JG62 (Foc0 ₁ /foc0 ₁ ) and mapping to LG5 and the second present in accession CA2139 (Foc0 ₂ /foc0 ₂ ) but remaining unmapped. Both genes separately confer complete resistance to race 0 of the wilt pathogen. Using a Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) population that segregated for both genes (CA2139 × JG62) and the genotypic information provided by two markers flanking Foc0 ₁ /foc0 ₁ ten resistant lines containing the resistant allele Foc0 ₂ /foc0 ₂ were selected. Genotypic analysis using these ten resistant lines paired with ten susceptible RILs, selected in the same population, revealed that sequence tagged microsatellite sites (STMS) markers sited on LG2 were strongly associated with Foc0 ₂ /foc0 ₂ . Linkage analysis, using data from two mapping populations (CA2139/JG62 and CA2156/JG62), located Foc0 ₂ /foc0 ₂ in a region where genes for resistance to wilt races 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have previously been reported and which is highly saturated with tightly-linked STMS markers that could be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS).     

油料作物维生素E含量的研究进展

介绍了维生素E的类型、来源及理化性质;概述了生育酚在油料作物中的含量、组成及遗传变异研究进展和生育酚相关基因的研究动态;展望了提高油料作物维生素E含量的发展前景。     

苜蓿新品系Dy-2006亲缘关系的SSR分析

应用SSR分子标记对苜蓿新品系Dy-2006等6个苜蓿品种(品系)亲缘关系进行了分析.8对SSR引物共扩增出128个位点,106个位点显多态性,多态位点比率82.81%;不同苜蓿品种(品系)SSR多态性百分率存在一定差异,在32.81%～45.31%之间.遗传相似度(F)和遗传距离(D)的变化分别范围在0.9062～0.9689和0.0326～0.0762.聚类分析结果显示,新品系Dy-2006与龙牧801亲缘关系相对较近,与阿尔冈金亲缘关系较远,并与其它供试品种存在一定差异,为一个相对独立的品系.     

乌龙茶种质资源种群遗传多样性AFLP评价

以银染法AFLP分子标记技术用5对引物组合对来自福建武夷山市、安溪县、台湾省和广东潮安县45份乌龙茶品种资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,5对引物扩增出208条多态性条带,多态性为92.03%;最大遗传距离为0.481,最小遗传距离为0.124,种质资源间遗传多样性估值较高,达0.311。按照地理分布分组分析表明,种群内遗传多样性以武夷山最高,其次为安溪乌龙茶种质资源,以台湾的乌龙茶种质资源遗传多样性最小;种群间遗传相似性,以武夷山与安溪种群间最高,达0.9505,以台湾和潮安县类型间的相似性最低,相似性系数为0.77。构建的种间和种群间进化树表明,可将45份乌龙茶品种划分为二大类型,福建类型和广东潮安类型。结合种群间相似系数,提出乌龙茶种质资源与其加工工艺的演化路径是一致的,也是由武夷山向安溪再向台湾传播。     

宝巾(Bougainvillea spp.)种质资源同工酶的遗传多样性分析

[目的]分析深圳本地12种宝巾种质资源的遗传多样性。[方法]利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法研究宝巾种质资源过氧化物同工酶(POD)和酯酶同工酶(EST)的遗传多样性,并对统计结果进行聚类分析。[结果]各宝巾种质资源间有丰富的遗传多样性,在相似系数为0.63水平上可以聚为2大类。[结论]同工酶的特征谱带应用于品种鉴定是可行的,在一定程度上明确了各宝巾品种的亲缘关系。     

玉米遗传转化方法的研究进展

综述玉米遗传转化的几种常用方法及转化受体的发展,并且对其利弊进行讨论。