一个水稻卷叶基因rl(t)的精细定位

 叶片适度卷曲是水稻理想株型塑造的重要组成部分。卷叶基因rl(t)在杂合状态下可使叶片适度卷曲,增加水稻产量,具有较高的育种利用价值。以卷叶珍汕97B\[携带rl(t)基因\]与平展叶品种奇妙香（轮回亲本）杂交并回交的BC5F3和BC5F4为定位群体,在前人关于rl(t)的定位区间内设计了15对多态性分子标记,将rl(t)精细定位于第2染色体上分子标记P95053和P113.6之间的11 kb范围内,遗传间距约0.04 cM。区间内只包含1个释义基因,预测编码GL2类同源异型结构域,属于同源异型盒家族中的HD GL2类（也称为HD ZIP Ⅳ）转录因子。卷叶基因rl(t)的精细定位为克隆目标基因和研究其调控机理奠定了基础。     

抑制OsAGO1a基因的表达导致水稻叶片近轴面卷曲

 AGO蛋白是RNA诱导沉默复合体的核心元件,在植物生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用。通过分别特异性地扩增OsAGO1a基因中第2外显子和第11~12外显子的片段,构建了两个干涉载体OsAGO1aI 1E和OsAGO1aI 2E。利用农杆菌介导法转化水稻品种日本晴,抑制OsAGO1a基因的表达,借此研究OsAGO1a的功能及其对水稻生长发育的影响。结果表明, 抑制OsAGO1a的表达导致叶片的近轴面卷曲而对其他主要农艺性状的影响不大。     

大枫子与马钱上的叶斑类真菌病害

报道1986～1989年在泰国大枫子、海南大枫子和印度马钱上发现的9种叶斑类真菌病害的症状、病原菌及病情、分布。9种病原菌中,大枫子褐斑病菌(Ascochyta hydnocarpi S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)、马钱叶枯病菌(Didymosphaeria strychnoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)、马钱叶斑病菌(Microsphaeropsis strychoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)和马钱轮纹褐斑病菌(Mycosphaerella strychnoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Cki)是新种。     

西藏地区青稞籽粒营养品质分析及评价

为探明西藏地区青稞品种间的性状差异及性状间的相关性,筛选优异品质青稞种质,以251个西藏青稞种质资源为材料,测定了籽粒淀粉、粗蛋白、β-葡聚糖、γ-氨基丁酸、大量元素（Ca、P）、微量元素（Fe、Zn、Se）含量共9个品质指标,分析了被测指标间关系。结果表明,所测定的9项品质指标在供试种质资源间均存在不同程度的差异,淀粉含量的变异系数最小,Se含量的变异系数最大;粗蛋白与淀粉含量呈极显著负相关（r= -0.54）,粗蛋白与γ-氨基丁酸、Ca、P、Zn、Fe含量均呈极显著正相关。对被测指标进行主成分分析发现,可将9项品质指标简化成3个主成分,其累积方差贡献率为74.5%,其中第一主成分因子的贡献率达到了 48.0%,第一主成分中因子载荷量大的品质指标是Zn、P、Ca、粗蛋白、γ-氨基丁酸、淀粉、Fe含量。综合评价筛选出10个营养品质较高的种质,分别为BJX152、BJX008、BJX149、BJX004、BJX003、BJX015、BJX005、藏青2000、BJX227、喜马拉22号。     

烘烤工艺、成熟度和取样方式对烤后烟叶多酚的影响

测定了2种烘烤工艺、3个成熟度和2种取样方式对烤烟品种翠碧1号(CB-1)中部叶烤后多酚含量的影响.结果表明,成熟度和烘烤工艺对烤后烟叶多酚含量都有极显著的影响.随着成熟度的提高,多酚含量显著加大.在取样方式上,同一处理混合样多酚含量均高于C3F,在慢烤工艺下的差异不显著,在快烤工艺下的差异极显著(P＜0.01).     

Response of soil properties and yam yield to Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae) mulches

Plant materials differ in their chemical composition, rate of decomposition and suitability as mulch materials. Experiments were conducted during 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 cropping seasons for early yam cultivation at Owo in the forest–savanna transition zone of southwest Nigeria to study the effect of Chromolaena odorata and Tithonia diversifolia mulches applied at 0.0, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 t ha^?1 on soil chemical properties, leaf nutrient composition, growth and tuber yield of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir). Both C. odorata and T. diversifolia mulches reduced soil bulk density and temperature; increased concentrations of soil organic matter (SOM), total N, available P, exchangeable K, Ca and Mg, leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg; enhanced growth and yield of yam compared with control. The values of SOM, total N and available P and leaf N and P concentrations increased with increasing mulch rate. C. odorata mulch and T. diversifolia mulch applied at 10.0 and 7.5 t ha^?1, respectively, was found to be suitable for yam production. T. diversifolia mulch compared with C. odorata mulch produced higher values of soil chemical properties, leaf nutrient concentrations, growth and yield of yam. T. diversifolia mulch produced 19% and 18% higher tuber yield compared with C. odorata mulch during 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 cropping seasons, respectively.     

四季柚生育期叶片和果实中矿质元素含量变化的研究

本研究以四季柚为试材,定期测定果实发育周期内叶片与果实的矿质元素含量,研究四季柚叶片和果实矿质养分需求特征与相关性,为树体营养科学调控,优质高效施肥提供理论依据。结果显示,叶片生长过程中N、 P元素含量呈逐渐下降趋势,K、 Ca、 Mg、 B、 Zn含量呈先增后降趋势,S含量总体保持上升趋势,Fe含量呈现先降后稳再上升趋势,Cu含量总体较稳定,Mn含量呈现出先上升后下降再上升趋势; 果实生长过程中,N、 P、 K、 Ca、 S含量呈下降趋势,Mg含量呈现先升后降的趋势,微量元素中Fe、 Mn元素含量变化幅度较小,B、 Zn、 Cu元素含量变化趋势略有不同。叶片与果实之间矿质元素协同吸收作用较弱,而果实与果皮之间作用较强。研究表明,萌芽前应适当增施氮、 磷肥,6月中旬增施钙肥,7月中旬增施钾肥和镁肥,以及重视微量元素肥料的应用。     

Prediction of grain protein content in winter wheat through leaf color measurements using a chlorophyll meter

A field trial was conducted over a 3-year period at the Hokkaido Kitami Agricultural Experiment Station to examine whether the grain protein content (GPC) of a winter wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chihokukomugi) suitable for Japanese noodle-making could be predicted before harvest. The prediction of the GPC was accurate based on the color of the second leaf (just below the flag leaf) at the end of the emergence of the inflorescence, when nitrogen application was graded. In order to evaluate the reliability of this test, a survey of 95 wheat fields in the eastern part of Hokkaido was also carried out during a 3-year period. The prediction of the GPC for this cultivar based on the color of the second leaf was less accurate across many sites. The results of this survey, however, suggested that the leaf color could be used as an index for ranking the GPC as low or high in relation to processing requirements. When the leaf color value of the second leaf measured with a chlorophyll meter at the end of the emergence of the inflorescence was less than 40, it was predicted that the GPC would be lower than the processing requirement. This index could be applied to the cultivars grown in the eastern part of Hokkaido, except for those grown on peat soils.     

毛乌素沙地南缘赖草蒸腾速率与叶水势关系的初步研究

通过野外观测，利用统计分析对毛乌素沙地南缘的赖草蒸腾速率与叶水势的关系进行了初步的研究。结果表明：赖草蒸腾速率呈现双峰变化；6月份的水势值要明显大于7月份，说明赖草7月份受到的干旱胁迫要大于6月份；通过相关性分析，建立了赖草蒸腾速率与叶水势间的一元回归模型。     

陆地棉转录因子GhNAC78基因的特征及功能分析

本实验室从陆地棉中克隆得到GhNAC78,分析了其基因特征及功能。该基因cDNA全长为937 bp,开放阅读框为876bp,编码291个氨基酸,隶属于NAM转录因子亚家族。体外转录激活实验表明,GhNAC78具有转录激活活性。上游启动子区1537 bp序列的生物信息学分析可知其包含多种激素、胁迫和光响应元件,表明GhNAC78广泛地参与植物生长发育和胁迫响应的调控。荧光定量结果显示,GhNAC78在棉花叶片衰老过程中高调表达,推测其参与叶片衰老的调控。