Variations in the content of starch-granule bound protein among several Japanese cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Summary The starch-granule bound proteins of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and six related species were examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They showed almost the same molecular weight, 61 kD. The amount of the starch-granule bound protein varied among Japanese wheat cultivars although the variation was not as wide as that for rice. The amount of this protein of Kanto 107 and Kanto 79 was about 40% of that of Norin 98. In addition, wheats with lower starch-granule bound protein also possessed lower amylose content.     

中国挂面对小麦粉品质的要求

对以１７个不同类型小麦制成的小麦粉样品进行了有关面粉品质与挂面品质性状的测定。结果表明，小麦粉的蛋白质含量和干面条的切断强度及煮熟面条的韧性均呈显著正相关，但对其食用品质、色泽及煮面最后总评分均呈显著负相关。综合各项指标，优质挂面用小麦粉宜选用蛋白质含量中等，色泽好，面团强度较强者为好，软麦更优于硬麦。对具体指标进行了讨论。     

Quantitative trait loci for whiteness of cooked rice detected in improved rice cultivars in Hokkaido

Improving the eating quality of cooked rice has been one of the most important objectives in rice breeding programs. Eating quality of cooked rice is a complex trait including several components, such as external appearance, taste, aroma, and texture. Therefore, dissection of these components followed by marker-assisted selection of detected QTL(s) may be a useful approach for achieving desirable eating quality in rice breeding. Whiteness of cooked rice (WCR) is an important factor related to the external appearance of cooked rice. WCR is known to be associated with the amylose and protein contents of the endosperm. However, the genetic basis of WCR remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated phenotypic variation in WCR among recently developed rice cultivars from Hokkaido, Japan. Then, we developed doubled haploid lines (DHLs) derived from a cross between two cultivars from Hokkaido, Joiku No. 462 (high WCR) and Jokei06214 (low WCR). Using the DHLs, we detected two QTLs for WCR, qWCR3 and qWCR11, on chromosomes 3 and 11, respectively. We also examined the dosage effect of the two QTLs based on both the categorized segregants in the DHLs and the relationship between the WCR phenotype and inheritance around the QTL regions in cultivars from Hokkaido.     

银耳蒂头粉对面条蒸煮特性、营养品质及风味成分的影响

银耳蒂头是银耳加工的副产物。为探讨银耳蒂头粉对面条品质与风味成分的影响,本研究以小麦面粉为基体,辅助添加不同比例(0%、5%、8%、11%、14%、17%)的银耳蒂头粉,制作银耳小麦复合面条,测定分析复合面条的蒸煮特性、质构、色泽、感官、营养成分及风味化合物。研究发现,随着银耳蒂头粉的质量分数从0%增加到17%,面条的熟断条率从0%上升到8.33%,烹调损失率从2.02%上升到5.52%,白度指数从80.127下降到76.213,咀嚼硬度从543.835 g下降到322.576 g;银耳蒂头粉添加量为11%时,复合面条的感官品质最佳;与普通面条相比,银耳复合面条的氨基酸总量(12.27 g·100 g^-1)无显著变化,膳食纤维含量从3.3 g·100 g^-1上升到10.0 g·100 g^-1,镁、锌、钙和铁矿物质总量从540.637 mg·kg^-1上升到603.02 mg·kg^-1;银耳蒂头粉对面条的挥发性成分含量影响不明显,但增加了庚醛、己酸、7-甲基十七烷等10种挥发性风味化合物。本研究结果为银耳蒂头的利用和营养功能性面条的开发提供了理论依据。     

奶牛性控与常规冻精DNA损伤的彗星检测

本文为确定性控冻精与常规冻精的DNA损伤程度,利用彗星实验法分别将奶牛的性控冻精和常规冻精凝胶混合液在裂解液中作用后,使用普通载玻片双层铺胶,电泳,吖啶橙染色后在荧光显微镜下检测、拍照,经CASP软件图像分析后用SPSS 11.5进行数据统计,初步建立了奶牛精子DNA损伤的5级彗星图谱。统计结果显示,性控冻精的DNA损伤系数为116,显著高于常规冻精的损伤系数（28）（P〈0.01）;彗星率为63.06%,显著高于常规冻精的彗星率（31.13%）（P〈0.01）。可以得出,性控冻精DNA损伤显著高于常规冻精。     

不同稀释剂对猪冷冻精液的影响

手握法采集12月龄大约克种公猪精液,在37℃下离心,弃去精清,收集浓缩段富含精子部分,用7种不同的稀释液进行稀释,应用液氮熏蒸法制作颗粒冻精。结果表明,在7种稀释液中,7号稀释液优于其他6种稀释液(p<0.05);与其他的冷冻保护剂相比,甘油的冷冻保护性能较好(p<0.01),其适宜浓度为2~4ml/l;干解冻(40~45℃)效果优于湿解冻,解冻后精子活率达0.46~0.49(p<0.05);稀释液中添加安钠咖可有效地延长精子的冻后存活时间(p<0.01)。     

链霉菌702所产生物活性物质对熟肉制品的保藏研究初探

研究了冷藏条件下经链霉菌702所产生物活性物质处理的熟肉制品的保藏效果。结果表明：其可有效抑制熟肉制品菌数的增长，明显延长货架期，且与Nisin、Natamycin有同样的抑制细菌的效果。     

餐饮业食品中亚硝酸盐含量调查研究

为了解餐饮业中熟食制品、香肠和腌菜中亚硝酸盐残留量情况,采用随机抽样的方法,对样品中亚硝酸盐的残留量进行检测。结果表明：检测的60份样品的亚硝酸盐残留量合格率为91.67%;腌菜类的亚硝酸盐含量较低,而香肠的亚硝酸盐含量最高。     

中国荷斯坦牛冷冻胚胎分割移植试验研究

牛胚胎冷冻的成功，使胚胎移植技术不受时间、地域的限制，并且可以做到对受体进行选择，从而可提高移植妊娠率；牛胚胎分割的成功，是增加胚胎数目和生产同卵双犊或多犊、获得更多牛犊的一个有效方法。如果将胚胎冷冻和胚胎分割技术结合起来，那未就可以达到既增加胚胎数目，降低胚胎移植成本，又利于胚胎移植技术在生产中推广应用的双重目的，为此开展此项研究。将用１０％甘油为冷冻剂，８枚７日龄中国荷斯坦奶牛的冷冻胚胎，在３５℃水浴解冻，用１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖液脱除抗冻剂，７枚可用胚胎用简单方法分割成１４枚半胚，将裸半胚成对移植于与胚胎日龄同步的７头受体牛。结果３头妊娠，移植妊娠率为４２．９％（３／７），共产５头牛犊，其中２头产同卵双犊，半胚产犊率为３５．７％（５／１４），按整胚计算产犊率为７１．４％（５／７），较同期未分割的冷冻胚胎的产犊率３７．８％（１７／４５）提高３３．６个百分点。     

超高压在低温肉制品中的应用

超高压技术作为一种物理杀菌技术,能够有效抑制食品中的微生物,基本不影响食品的品质,能在最大程度上保留食品的营养价值。综述了超高压技术对低温肉制品的微生物、色泽、嫩度、脂肪氧化等食用品质的影响。