调质大米半干法磨粉制备鲜米粉及其品质测定

为考察半干法磨粉对鲜米粉品质的影响,该研究选用旋风磨和布勒磨对调质后含水率为28%和30%的大米进行磨粉,分析大米粉的白度、凝胶特性及糊化特性,对加工鲜米粉的质构特性、蒸煮特性和感官品质进行了分析。结果显示:调质大米可以减小磨粉仪器机械力和热能对大米粉品质的破坏,其中调质大米经布勒磨粉碎后的白度显著高于湿磨粉白度(P0.05);旋风磨含水率为30%调质粉的凝胶硬度最大为3.45 N/cm2,与湿磨粉的无显著差异(P0.05);2种调质粉相比于湿磨粉其崩解值较小,其中布勒磨含水率为30%调质粉回生程度较低,与湿磨粉无显著差异(P0.05)。对于鲜米粉的品质,筛选得到的旋风磨含水率为30%鲜米粉的硬度为35.10 N/cm2,弹性为0.97,较湿磨米粉更柔软弹滑,感官评价总分和蒸煮特性与湿磨米粉无显著差异。以上结果表明,含水率为30%的大米经旋风磨粉碎后能够制得与湿法磨浆相媲美的鲜米粉,可为解决湿磨法废水量大、产品得率低等问题提供参考。     

方便米粉高温高湿干燥过程水分的扩散特性

对方便米粉在高温高湿条件下干燥的水分扩散特性进行了研究。结果表明 ,方便米粉干燥的水分扩散系数为 (1.5～ 3.8)× 10 -11m2 /s。在较高相对湿度 (6 0 % )下 ,水分扩散系数随含水量下降而减小。在较低相对湿度 (2 7% )下 ,水分扩散系数随含水量下降而增大。相对湿度对干燥过程的平均水分扩散系数的影响呈先下降后上升的趋势 ,在相对湿度为 4 0 %左右时 ,扩散系数最低。方便米粉的干燥能为 2 10 0 0～ 2 4 0 0 0kJ/kmol。随相对湿度的增加 ,干燥能呈先上升后下降的趋势 ,当相对湿度在 35 %～ 4 0 %时 ,干燥能最大。     

Storage method affects disease suppression of flax wilt induced by composts

Compost can have a disease suppressive effect, but compost research is constrained by the fact that repetition of experiments with a similar batch of compost is impossible, since storage affects the organic material including the microbial communities. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that differential changes in microbial community structure and associated microbial activities after various storage methods (drying, freezing and cooling) lead to differential changes in the disease suppressive ability of compost material with respect to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini induced by mixes of composts with peat substrate (20/80%, vol./vol.). A significant (P<0.0001) storage method × compost interaction was found with respect to suppression of Fusarium wilt of flax, indicating that the effect of storage type on disease suppression is compost-dependent. For seven composts storage had no (13 cases) or a significantly positive effect (eight cases) on disease suppression and for 1 compost there was a significant negative effect of storage on disease suppression. Significant changes in microbial activity and 16S-rDNA DGGE banding patterns of the composts were observed as a result of all tested ways of storage and these changes could be related to changes in disease suppression: relatively strong changes in microbial activity and bacterial composition due to storage had a relatively strong effect on disease suppression. The cool storage treatment (4 °C) resulted in the least deviation in disease suppression from the fresh compost, although the freezing treatment gave the most reliable results with the lowest standard deviation.     

熟兔肉的辐射贮藏研究

用PE/PVA/PE、ON/PE、PET/PE复合袋真空包装熟免肉,经4—9kGy~(60)Coγ射线常温辐照,可不同程度地延长货架期。通过感官鉴定,营养学、微生物学、放射性检测,Ames致突、微核测定和大白鼠90天喂养等试验证明,辐照熟免肉卫生安全。     

现代工具在“食品冷冻冷藏技术”教学中的应用

立足新时代,努力培养新工科人才的时代号角要求高校以人才输出、成果培育为导向,加强课程的工程性、应用性教学。以"食品冷冻冷藏技术"教学为例,在传统教学的基础上,引入现代工程软件"立体化教学",通过采用现代工具对食品冷却过程进行能耗和温度等参数的预测和模拟,激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生采用现代工具解决复杂工程问题的能力和自主创新精神。     

脱水鲜面物理杀菌工艺参数研究

研究半干面内菌落含量变化规律对延长产品货架期与提高面食品质具有重要意义。本文选用70℃-90℃温度,70%-90%相对湿度和5min-20min干燥时间三组工艺参数,采用干燥试验台进行杀菌试验,按照国家标准测定杀菌前后面条试样内菌落总数。结果表明：温度、湿度和干燥时间是影响菌落含量的重要参数;约80℃时温度对菌落总数的影响出现拐点,温度在70℃-80℃区间时菌落总数急剧降低,温度在80℃-90℃区间时菌落总数变化缓慢且菌落总数维持在约200CFU/g水平;菌落总数随相对湿度和干燥时间的延长逐级递减。     

发酵玉米面的最佳制备工艺研究

以硬度、咀嚼性作为评价玉米面条品质的指标,对发酵玉米面条的最佳制备工艺进行了研究。在研究过程中,通过单因素法分析了发酵时间、发酵粒度、发酵温度对面条品质的影响,并在单因素的基础上,通过响应面法对发酵玉米面条的制备工艺进行了优化。结果表明,最佳制备工艺为:发酵时间为2.51 d,发酵粒度为30.18目,发酵温度为34.65℃时,制备的面条品质最好,此时面条的硬度为4 537.7 g,咀嚼性为2 756.32 g。根据实际情况将其修正为:发酵时间60 h,发酵粒度为30目,发酵温度为35℃,经验证在此条件下,面条的品质与理论值较为接近。修正后的发酵玉米面条最佳制备工艺有一定的使用价值。     

Long-term frozen storage of wheat bread and dough – Effect of time,temperature and fibre on sensory quality,microstructure and state of water

The objective of this study was to determine effect of storage time, storage temperature and addition of fibre on sensory quality, state of water, microstructure and texture of bread and dough.     

Impact of long-term frozen storage on the dynamics of water and ice in wheat bread

Frozen storage of bread has a substantial impact on the dynamics of water and ice in the crumb and crust. In this study, the impact was characterized using wheat bread stored at −18 °C for a long term of ∼4 months. The frozen bread incurred a considerable loss of the crumb water that migrated out and formed ice crystals on the bread surface. Such a moisture decrease underwent more rapidly for the bread stored without intact crust, suggesting the specific role of crust during frozen storage. Moisture also redistributed significantly within the frozen crumb, resulting in an elevated crumb heterogeneity of freezable water. This redistribution of freezable water was accompanied by a progressive recrystallization of the crumb-borne ice crystals, which were measured to grow into bulk sizes using a modified calorimetric procedure for analyzing the crumb samples at their as-frozen states.     

Improvement to baking quality of frozen bread dough by novel zein-based ice nucleation films

Freezing deteriorates the baking quality of frozen bread dough. This study revealed the protective effects of zein-based ice nucleation films (INFs) on the baking quality of frozen dough. INFs were prepared by immobilizing biogenic ice nucleators on the surface of zein films, which consequently revealed ice nucleation activity and increased the ice nucleation temperature of water from −15 °C to −6.7 °C. By using these films to wrap frozen dough during five freeze/thaw cycles, the specific volume of bread was increased by up to 25% compared to the bread from control frozen dough. The reason was attributed to 40% more viable yeast cells preserved by INFs. In addition, zein-based INFs also reduced the water loss by frozen dough resulting in higher water content in bread crumb. Combining the protective effects on both specific volume and water content from zein-based INFs, the obtained bread showed 68% lower firmness and fracturability and 2.4 times higher resilience compared to the control. The INFs were also superior in that for zein-based INFs, biogenic ice nucleators showed desirable affinity with the surface to sustain at least fifteen repetitive uses on freezing water.