步进烤烟炕房及其干、湿温度测控装置研究

介绍了步进烤烟炕房的结构及特点;采用数字电子技术,研制成功步进炕房干、湿温度测控装置,有效控制了炕内的干、湿温度。降低了烘烤成本,提高了烘烤质量。     

Dynamics of Environmental Humidity and Water Content in Tobacco Leaf and Metabolism of Starch During Curing

Effect of environmental humidity and water content in tobacco leaf on starch metabolism was studied by using the electric-heated auto-controlled flue-curing barn supplied by Henan Agricultural University, China. The results indicated that the degradation of starch and decrease of water content in tobacco leaf during early yellowing at low humidity was the most rapid, and the water loss was the highest while the lowest under high humidity. The duration for starch degradation under low humidity was longer than that of CK. So the starch residue in cured leaf of different treatment took the order of high humidity yellowing treatment＞low humidity yellowing treatment＞ CK. When the leaf water content was decreased to around 50%, the starch degradation became slow and the content of starch was stable. Starch degradation and decrease of leaf water content was not synchronous. Starch in tobacco leaf during yellowing degraded more rapidly when humidity was decreased at a high speed, but the degradation stopped earlier at late stage. There was a quicker and higher degradation of starch under high environmental humidity. When the humidity decreased to 70 %,the content of starch was stable. The activity of amylase began to decrease when relative humidity was below 75 %, but it kept a high level of activity when the environmental humidity was below 70 %.     

烟草漂浮育苗基质新型材料育苗试验

热研4号王草经过加工、发酵处理后与蛭石和珍珠岩以不同比例配比混合进行烟草漂浮育苗 试验。结果表明,经过发酵处理的两种粒径的草粉在不同的处理和配方下具有显著的出苗差异,筛选 出发芽率较好的2个配方:粒径7处理1反应程度80％配比3:2:5的两次发芽率为81．84％和 59．38％;粒径4处理2配比3:2:5反应程度100％的两次发芽率为86．25％和68．75％。     

Depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton induces defense responses in tobacco plants

Tobacco leaf sections were treated with actin inhibitors, i.e., cytochalasins, to determine the effects of actin depolymerization on tobacco defense responses. Inoculation of the leaf sections with the pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum, depolymerized the actin cytoskeleton, priming the cells for a hypersensitive response-like cell death. Further, expression of the acidic PR1 and PR2 genes were induced in cytochalasin-treated leaf sections. The intensity of the cytochalasin effects on the defense responses was closely correlated with the extent of actin depolymerization. This suggests that plant cells may perceive perturbation of the actin cytoskeleton, and this stimulus may trigger plant defense responses.     

烟草坏死病毒A大豆分离物的分子鉴定

 对曹琦和濮祖芹早期分离到的烟草坏死病毒大豆分离物的生物学、血清学和外壳蛋白的序列进行了进一步研究。该分离物能侵染8科29种植物, 除系统侵染大豆和本生烟外, 其余寄主均为局部侵染。电镜下病毒粒子呈球状, 直径约28nm。基因组为单组分RNA, 大小约为3.7 kb, 具有2条亚基因组, 分别约为1.6 kb和1.3 kb。外壳蛋白亚基的分子量约为30 kDa。血清学试验表明, 该分离物与TNV柳树分离物的抗血清呈特异反应, 与同属坏死病毒属(Necrovirus)的烟草坏死病毒D(TNV-D)和甜菜黑色焦枯病毒(BBSV)无血清学关系。利用简并引物通过RT-PCR克隆了该分离物的外壳蛋白基因。序列分析表明, 该分离物与烟草坏死病毒A(TNV-A)、TNV-D和TNV-D^H的外壳蛋白分别具有88.77%、45.13%和45.49%的氨基酸序列一致性。因此, 该大豆分离物属于TNV-A的一个新株系, 命名为TNV-A^C。     

应用基因芯片检测烟草脆裂病毒

 Total RNA in tulips was extracted by Trizol method. Primers were designed according to the sequences of Tobacco rattle virus and 18S rRNA gene of plant. The corresponding sections were amplified by RT-PCR and the PCR products were labeled by Cy3-dCTP. The probes of plant virus, 18S rRNA gene and comparisons were designed and immobilized on chips. Labeled PCR products were hybridized with the probes and the signals were scanned by scanner and analyzed by GenePix Pro 4.0 software. Tobacco rattle virus was detected from tulips which were imported from Holand. The accuracy and sensitivity of the plant virus gene chip were proved.     

甜瓜果实酸性转化酶基因反义表达载体的构建(英文)

应用RNA反义技术抑制甜瓜果实发育过程中酸性转化酶活性,促进蔗糖积累,从而为培育优质品种提供了可行的新方法。将已克隆到pMD18-T载体上的甜瓜酸性转化酶基因用BamHⅠ和HincⅡ双酶切,得到该基因编码区1038bp的cDNA片段,将其定向插入到植物表达载体pROK2的BamHⅠ/SmaⅠ克隆位点,构建了甜瓜酸性转化酶cDNA反义表达载体(Anti-MAI1)。采用冻融法将其转入根癌农杆菌LBA4404,得到了完整的Ti质粒表达载体系统。利用叶盘法转化烟草,经PCR和PCR-Southern杂交检测,证明此基因已整合入烟草的核基因组中。     

烟草钾素营养与钾肥研究

钾是烟草的品质元素。从钾的生理功能、与烟叶品质的关系、钾的土壤化学以及钾的吸收与分配等方面详细论述了钾的营养生理和土壤化学行为以及中国烟叶含钾量偏低的可能原因。笔者还调查了中国目前钾肥的使用情况,得出结论:目前烟草上使用的钾肥种类主要为硫酸钾和硝酸钾;烟叶含钾量与钾肥施用量呈正相关;钾肥分次追施的效果好于一次性基施;钾肥应该与铵态氮之后施入土壤,并应深施,分层施肥的效果较好;硫酸钾与硝酸钾配施的效果优于硝酸钾。并提出了提高烟叶含钾量的几点建议。     

烤烟分次单株定量施肥技术研究

烤烟分次单株定量施肥 ,具有施肥准确、简便、有效和节肥的特点 ,集中了分次施肥和集中施肥的优点 ,加上肥料距离烟株根系较为适宜 ,可以保证得到相同的营养条件 ,该施肥技术供肥的特点是既集中又持久 ,能有效改善地膜烟前期营养供应过快而容易引起后期脱肥早衰的现象 ,保证烟株最大生长对养分的需求。采用分次单株定量施肥在烤烟移栽时最好施75kg/hm2 左右的烟草专用肥作定根肥 ,以保证烤烟前期的营养。还需要考虑到肥料的易溶性、追肥氮的形态     

施钾水平对烟叶含钾量的影响

通过盆栽试验,采用定位叶片的方法,进行不同钾肥用量试验,研究了增施钾肥对石灰性土壤上烤烟吸钾和土壤供钾的影响及提高石灰性土壤上烤烟含钾量的可能途径。结果表明,增施钾肥可以显著提高烟叶含钾量;而当施钾量达一定水平时,只有大幅度增加钾肥施用量,烟叶含钾量才显著增加,但对烟叶产量影响不大。施钾对烟叶含钾量的提高作用在生育后期最为显著。保证生育后期充足的钾素供应对提高烟叶含钾量可能具有重要意义。