三门峡烤烟中性香气成分的变异分析

以三门峡烟区94个烤烟样品为材料,分析了不同地点、不同品种、不同等级、不同海拔高度、不同土壤类型和不同施氮水平的烤烟中性香气物质含量变化。结果表明：烤烟的关拉德反应产物（22．58±4．72μg／g）、类西柏烷类物质（52．88±32．96μg／g）、类胡萝卜素降解产物（47．96±6．02μg／g）和新植二烯（743．92±200．96μg／g）含量的分布形态为正偏尖峭峰;芳香族氨基酸降解产物（16．91±4．33μg／g）和其他中性香气成分（14．30±2．45μg／g）的分布形态为正偏平阔峰。烤烟中性香气成分含量随着烟区、品种、等级、海拔、土壤类型及施氮水平不同而存在明显变异。     

烟农参与烤烟集约化烘烤的因素分析

为探讨烟农参与集约化烘烤的影响因素,2009年在云南省曲靖市对513户烟农进行了问卷调查,运用Logistic数学模型对烟农参与集约化烘烤的影响因素进行了实证研究。结果表明：影响烟农参与集约化烘烤的主要因素包括烟农自身的因素,如年龄、受教育程度、外出务工人员比例等,以及集约化烘烤对参与烟农结果的影响如相关的经济扶持和政策支持、集约化烘烤的服务质量、参与集约化烘烤收益的提高等。快速推广集约化烘烤的关键是要加大对集约化烘烤的支持、完善集约化烘烤体系和加强烘烤机械的研究应用。     

不同调制工艺参数组合对烤烟水溶性糖含量的影响

为筛选提升清香型烟叶品质特征、风格特征的烟叶调制工艺参数组合,用烤烟品种K326烟叶作试验材料,设置4种调制工艺参数组合处理测定烟叶调制过程中的水溶性糖含量。结果表明,4种调制工艺参数组合处理烟叶的水溶性总糖、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖含量随着调制进程总体呈升高的趋势,麦芽糖随着调制进程总体呈下降的趋势。烤后烟叶水溶性总糖、果糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖以处理B(烟叶烘烤变黄阶段、定色阶段低温低湿参数组合处理和干筋阶段中温中湿参数组合处理)工艺参数组合较高,蔗糖以处理D(中温中湿参数组合处理)工艺参数组合较高。说明处理B工艺参数组合为烟叶大分子物质降解提供了适宜的环境,有利于大分子物质降解转化为水溶性糖。     

密集烘烤不同装烟方式对下部烟叶质量的影响

[目的]研究不同装烟方式对下部叶质量的影响。[方法]试验设置散叶插扦、散叶打捆、散叶筐篮、常规挂杆4种装烟方式,研究各装烟方式对下部烤后烟叶外观质量和经济性状的影响。[结果]挂杆烘烤烤后烟叶橘黄烟比例、中等烟比例、烟叶均价均好于散叶插扦、散叶打捆、散叶筐篮装烟方式。在下部叶烘烤时采用常规挂杆烘烤,中上部叶烘烤时再使用散叶插扦、散叶打捆、散叶筐篮等装烟方式进行散叶烘烤。[结论]研究可为提高下部烟叶烘烤质量提供参考。     

Effects of postharvest onion curing parameters on bulb rot caused by Pantoea agglomerans,Pantoea ananatis and Pantoea allii in storage

Crop loss of onion bulbs during storage carries an exceptionally high economic impact because a large portion of the production expenses has been expended before storage. Because of this, it is important to define practices that can reduce onion bulb losses caused by storage rots. This study investigates the impact of various curing parameters on disease development resulting from infection by Pantoea agglomerans, P. ananatis and P. allii on onion bulb cultivars Vaquero and Redwing, during storage. Overall, both the incidence and mean rot severity were similar amongst the bulbs under comparable conditions regardless of the species of Pantoea inoculated, although a significant difference was detected between the two onion bulb cultivars. In addition, a significant reduction of storage rot was observed when curing temperatures were ≤35°C. At temperatures >35°C, a shorter curing duration (2 days vs 14 days) decreased the severity of bulb rot due to Pantoea. This increased understanding of the inter‐relationships between the parameters used for curing, and the incidence and severity of bulb rot caused by Pantoea helps provide guidance towards using the curing process as a means to reduce the level of damage resulting from post‐harvest storage rot.     

烤烟理化性质与烟气中焦油、一氧化碳和烟碱相关性研究进展

综述了烤烟理化特性与烟气常规组分之间的关系,以及影响烟气焦油、一氧化碳和烟碱的理化因素,并在此基础上对烤烟理化特性与烟气相关性研究的前景进行了展望。     

EN-1固化剂对4种土壤饱和导水率的影响研究

为了研究EN-1土壤固化剂的固化性能,通过室内模拟实验对杨凌、安康、安塞和靖边4种土壤在不同固化剂掺量、养护龄期的固化进行了土壤饱和导水率影响的研究,结果表明,微量掺加EN-1固化剂就可以明显减小黄棕壤和土的饱和导水率,饱和导水率随着培养龄期的增加而下降,当培养期大于14d时土样的饱和导水率近似为0;黄绵土与风沙土的饱和导水率随着固化剂掺量增加而减小,培养龄期增大,饱和导水率随之下降,固化剂掺量为1%,培养期为28d时黄绵土和风沙土的饱和导水率最低。     

密集烤房碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料供热设备的设计与试验

为优化密集烤房供热设备的结构和性能,采用碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC)和回流区分级着火燃烧技术,设计了适用于密集烤房的一次性加煤隧道式炉体新材料火炉和由12根直径190mm散热管4-4-4三层横列构成的新材料散热器。检测结果表明,新材料火炉和散热器的导热系数分别是普通耐火材料的1.5倍和3.2倍,整体热效率比普通耐火材料高4.5%,散热管的耐腐蚀性能是金属材料(NS钢)的5.3倍,显著增强了密集烤房的供热性能,延长了供热设备的使用寿命。烟叶烘烤试验结果表明,新材料供热设备密集烤房的升温性能好,稳温性能强,烤后烟叶上等烟比例分别比普通耐火材料和金属材料供热设备密集烤房增加2.6%和2.3%,烟叶烘烤耗煤量分别减少8.5%和13.2%,节能降耗效果显著。     

密集烘烤过程中烤房叶间风速指标的灰色关联聚类分析

在烘烤过程中,密集烤房内部不同位点的风速之间密切又复杂.为确定风速指标间的关系,测定了密集烤房内405个风速值,对15个风速指标进行了灰色关联聚类分析.结果表明:当聚类临界值为0.8时,15个风速指标可被聚为2类;当聚类临界值为0.7时,15个风速指标可被聚为1类.通过分析,密集烤房内部同一平面不同位点的风速差异较小,可视为均匀一致,密集烤房能够保证装烟室同一层烟叶整体上均处于同样的变色和干燥环境下,从而能够在理论上保证其烟叶相同的烘烤质量.     

Durable press finish of cotton via dual curing using UV light and heat

Continuous photografting/crosslinking of polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylate oligomers onto cotton using a water-soluble benzophenone photoinitiator was investigated. Photografting increased with increasing irradiation dose, oligomer concentration and photoinitiator concentration. Maximum grafting efficiency of DM 400 and 600 were 83% and 79%, respectively. The photografting increased the wrinkle resistance of cotton implying surface crosslinking of cotton. Both surface crosslinking and bulk crosslinking of cotton were accomplished via dual curing of a mixed formulation containing both a thermally curable component (BTCA/SHP) and a UV-curable component. The wrinkle resistance of the crosslinked cotton was found to be higher when cured by thermal curing after UV curing rather than by UV curing after thermal curing due to the facile post-polymerization of the UV active component. The presence of crosslinks in the dually crosslinked cotton was verified with FT-IR and thermogravimetric analysis.