Identification of RAPD and SCAR markers linked to northern leaf blight resistance in waxy corn (Zea mays var. ceratina)

Exserohilum turcicum causes northern corn leaf blight (NCLB), an important disease occurring in maize producing areas throughout the world. Currently, the development of cultivars resistant to E. turcicum seems to be the most efficient method to control NCLB damage. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) enables breeders to improve selection efficiency. The objective of this work was to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers associated with NCLB resistance. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was used to search for RAPD markers linked to NCLB resistance genes, using F₂ segregating population obtained by crossing a susceptible inbred ‘209W’ line with a resistant inbred ‘241W’ line. Two hundred and twenty-two decamer primers were screened to identify four RAPD markers: OPA07₅₂₁, OPA16₄₅₇, OPB09₅₂₀, and OPE20₅₃₆ linked to NCLB resistance phenotype. These markers were converted into dominant SCAR markers: SCA07₄₉₆, SCA16₄₂₀, SCB09₄₆₄, and SCE20₄₂₉, respectively. The RAPD and SCAR markers were developed successfully to identify NCLB resistant genotypes in segregating progenies carrying NCLB resistant traits. Thus, the markers identified in this study should be applicable for MAS for the NCLB resistance in waxy corn breeding programs.     

油梨突脐蠕孢叶斑病病原菌鉴定及室内防治药剂筛选

【目的】为明确在广西崇左市油梨种植基地发现的一种叶斑病的病原菌及其生物学特性,以及该病害的防治药剂。【方法】通过形态学鉴定及分子生物学方法,对该病原菌进行鉴定,并对该病原菌进行了生物学特性测定及防治杀菌剂的室内筛选。【结果】该叶斑病的病原菌为嘴突脐蠕孢（Exserohilum rostratum）,该病原菌的最适生长温度为28℃,最适培养基为PDA培养基,最适pH为7,黑暗条件有利于该菌的生长。参试的250g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、40%百菌清悬浮剂、430g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂和40%腈菌唑可湿性粉剂对嘴突脐蠕孢均有抑制效果,其中10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、430g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂和40%腈菌唑可湿性粉剂对该菌生长的抑制效果较好,其EC50分别为0.0163mg/L、0.0420mg/L、0.1109mg/L。     

玉米大斑病菌对广州地区甜玉米的致病性观测

通过对桂甜和华珍两个甜玉米品种的玉米大斑病病斑扩展速率及病情指数的研究结果表明,不同品种对玉米大斑病菌的抗性存在明显的差异;病斑的产孢特性显示,病斑首次产孢量显著高于再次产孢量。通过比较不同温度下的菌丝生长量,分析出广州地区玉米大斑病菌的主要构成属于高温型。     

玉米自交系对大斑病菌的抗性鉴定及抗性来源分析

玉米大斑病是一种严重影响玉米产量的病害,在全国各地多有发生。通过筛选抗病玉米自交系,选育优良抗病品种可以有效防止大斑病的发生。试验于2017-2018年,用田间人工接种大斑病混合菌的方法,对185份玉米种质进行了玉米大斑病抗性鉴定与评价,筛选出高抗自交系16份,其中自选系7份,并对玉米自选系抗病性来源进行分析,发现Y6和J1577等品系抗病性强且可以稳定遗传。     

HT-毒素胁迫下玉米叶片细胞的活性氧代谢及可能性作用

采用Luminol的化学发光法测定了叶肉细胞在毒素作用下活性氧的变化动态 ,结果表明 ,HT—毒素胁迫下玉米叶片悬浮细胞的活性氧代谢发生明显改变。某些阳性离子、化合物和处理体系的温度对玉米叶片细胞的活性氧代谢影响很大。此外 ,外源加入一定浓度的H2 O2 对玉米大斑病菌、玉米小斑病菌和玉米弯孢霉的菌丝生长、分生孢子的产生和萌发及毒素的产生等都有明显的抑制作用或影响     

受玉米大斑病菌侵染后玉米抗感近等基因系SOD动态变化的研究

 以玉米抗、感大斑病菌近等基因系为材料,研究了玉米抗病系和感病系在接种玉米大斑病菌后SOD活性和SOD同工酶谱的动态变化。结果发现,在病原菌侵染初期携带显性抗病单基因的抗病系SOD活性一般呈下降趋势,明显地低于不携带任何已知抗病基因的感病近等基因系;在病原菌侵染中、后期却较大幅度上升,反而逐渐明显地高于感病近等基因系。在HZ1遗传背景中Rf值为0.25的SOD同工酶酶带,与Ht2和HtN等抗病基因的作用有关。本文认为SOD及有关活性氧代谢在玉米对大斑病菌抗性中可能具有重要的作用。     

辽宁省春玉米主要病虫为害损失之研究

采用在植株上接种不同浓度的丝黑穗病菌、弯孢菌叶斑病菌和玉米大斑病菌,以及不同玉米螟虫量,研究不同病级和虫量对玉米的产量构成因素及产量损失的影响,同时对玉米螟(A)、弯孢菌叶斑病(B)、大斑病(C)、丝黑穗病(D)的复合发生为害(ABCD)损失和经济阈值进行简单探讨。研究表明,病虫为害主要影响穗粗、行粒数和百粒重产量构成因素,病级和虫量与产量损失呈显著正相关;病虫之间存在复合为害关系,复合产量损失率占四者单独造成产量损失率之和的41.48%,其大小依次为:A相似文献   

东北及华北春玉米骨干品种对玉米大斑病抗性评价

通过对东北及华北春玉米种植面积较大的35个骨干品种田间接种玉米大斑病菌,进行品种抗性分析,以明确品种抗病性差异,为品种合理应用、病害防治及抗病育种工作提供参考.结果表明,不同玉米品种对玉米大斑病存在着一定的抗病性差异,不同地区提供的相同品种表现出不同抗性,供试玉米品种整体上对玉米大斑病抗性较好.     

高山绣线菊提取物对几种植物真菌的抑制活性及其活性成分

 【目的】研究高山绣线菊（Spiraea alpina）对植物病原真菌的抑制活性,从高山绣线菊中分离纯化新的抗真菌化合物。【方法】以水稻纹枯病菌（Rhizoctonia solani）、小麦赤霉病菌（Gibberella zeae）、稻瘟病菌（Pyricularia oryzea）和玉米大斑病菌（Exserohilum turcicum）为供试菌种,进行生物活性导向的创新农药筛选。将高山绣线菊叶乙醇提取物依次用石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙醇和甲醇进行萃取,选择较高抑菌活性的乙酸乙酯萃取物大柱粗分、小柱细分,得到一种抗真菌活性成分。采用高分辨质谱、紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱和核磁共振波谱（1H-NMR,13C-NMR,135°-DEPT和HMBC）法对其进行结构解析。【结果】从高山绣线菊中分离得到一种新化合物6-O-（3',4'-二羟基-2'-甲烯基-丁酰基）-1-O-反式-肉桂酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖,其对水稻纹枯病菌和玉米大斑病菌的生长具有一定的抑制作用,作用浓度为0.3 mg?ml-1时,抑制率分别为87.6和63.2%。【结论】高山绣线菊叶乙醇提取物对水稻纹枯病菌和玉米大斑病菌具有一定的抑制作用,高山绣线菊中含有新的抗植物病原真菌化合物。     

Molecular marker analysis of European Setosphaeria turcica populations

Setosphaeria turcica is the causal agent of northern corn leaf blight, a foliar maize disease of worldwide economic importance. In Europe, its severity increases. To investigate the pathogen's population-genetic structure in central Europe, a total of 80 isolates was sampled in Germany, Switzerland, France, Austria, and Hungary and investigated with 52 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The mating type of the isolates was determined in testcrosses. Among the 73 isolates from maize there were 26 different RAPD haplotypes. All isolates with identical haplotype are considered clonemates. The haplotype shared by most members was represented by 22 isolates from Germany, Switzerland, and France, indicating high fitness and substantial migration. Only a single clone had members in both southeastern Austria and southwestern Switzerland, suggesting that the Alps constitute a major barrier for this pathogen. Several haplotypes differed by only one or two RAPD bands from the predominant haplotype and may have arisen by mutation. Few other clonal lineages were detected. The evolution of some haplotypes could not be explained by mutation alone. Sexual recombination may rarely occur. In population samples from Germany, Switzerland, and France, mating type MAT2 was predominating, while most isolates from Austria and Hungary had MAT1. Seven isolates from Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense), an alternative host of S. turcica, were clonemates and very different in RAPD haplotypes from all isolates collected from maize.