A new fungitoxic metabolite from Spiraea alpina Pall.

The fungitoxic metabolites of Spiraea alpina Pall. were identified using inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani, Gibberella zeae, Pyricularia oryzea and Exserohilum turcicum as an end-point. The major fungitoxic constituent of S. alpina was a new diacylated sugar, structurally elucidated as 6-O-(3′,4′-dihydroxy-2′-methylenbutyryl)-1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-β-D-glucopyranose. This compound could inhibit at 0.1 mg/ml Rhizoctonia solani and Exserohilum turcicum, 87.6% and 63.2%, respectively.     

玉米中QM同源基因的克隆及其差异表达分析

利用cDNA-AFLP技术和5'' RACE技术在玉米自交系黄早四Ht2上分离并克隆了QM（编码核糖体蛋白L10）同源基因(命名为ZmQM)。其cDNA全长为967 bp, 开放阅读框为738 bp,。该基因编码245个氨基酸的ZmQM蛋白,分子量为27.78 kD, 等电点(pI)为10.69, 预测含蛋白酶C磷酸化位点、N-酰基化位点和酰胺化等位点。玉米ZmQM蛋白与包括人类等l3个物种QM蛋白的同源性比较发现, 氨基酸序列相似性为66%~92%。RT-PCR分析表明, 在接种玉米大斑病菌(Exserohilum turcicum) 1号小种12 h后, 黄早四Ht2中ZmQM基因表达量较黄早四中明显上调,推测ZmQM基因可能参与黄早四Ht2对玉米大斑病菌1号小种的抗性反应。     

云南省部分地区玉米大斑病菌生理小种鉴定

 对分离于云南省部分地区的24个大斑病单孢菌株生理小种鉴定结果表明：0号生理小种仍然是云南省的优势小种,占供试菌株的41.7％;23N号生理小种占33.3％;1号、3号及23号各占供试菌株的8.3％。     

玉米种质资源对大斑病的抗性鉴定

“八五”期间在昆明、成都、丹东等地对我国2538份玉米种质资源进行了大斑病抗性鉴定的结果；高抗材料2份，抗病材料12份，中抗材料127份，感病2397份。     

引起水稻颖壳褐斑病的两种蠕孢菌分离鉴定

Brown spots on rice glumes cause withered seeds and yield loss. The rice seeds with brown spot disease were collected from the field of China Agricultural University experimental station in Beijing. Exserohilum rostratum and Bipolaris zeicola were identified as the pathogens which cause brown spot disease based on morphological and molecular characteristics and their pathogenicity.     

中草药提取物对大斑病凸脐蠕孢菌的抑菌特性

[目的]从天然植物中寻找新型植物源农药防治玉米大斑病.[方法]通过室内抑菌试验研究核桃青皮、连翘、大黄、柴胡、黄芪和党参6种中草药水提物对大斑病凸脐蠕孢菌[Exserohilum turcicum(Pass.) Leonard et Suggs]的抑制作用.[结果]6种中草药提取物对该菌均具有明显的抑制作用,不同中药的抑菌作用存在一定差异,以核桃青皮的抑菌效果最佳,其次为连翘、大黄、柴胡、黄芪和党参,各药物抑制该菌的半数有效浓度分别为1.04、1.12、1.18、1.39、1.48和1.57 g/ml.[结论]核桃青皮、连翘和大黄水提取物对植物病原菌有良好的抑制效果,为新型天然杀菌剂的研制和开发提供了新途径.     

氮饥饿对玉米大斑病菌生长和发育的影响

以改良Fries合成培养基为基础,观测氮饥饿胁迫条件下玉米大斑病菌菌株01-11和03-22在菌落生长速度、分生孢子产生时间和数量、菌落形态和颜色等方面的变化。结果发现,在缺氮条件下,培养6 d后菌落生长停滞,颜色变淡;菌丝稀疏,老化程度加快;分生孢子出现时间提前,但产孢数量减少。研究结果说明,氮元素对玉米大斑病菌的生长和发育有非常重要的作用。     

Effect of Toxins Isolated from Exserohilum monoceras (Drechsler) Leonard and Suggs on Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.

Exserohilum monoceras (Drechsler) Leonard and Suggs is a potential biocontrol agent for the control of Echinochloa species. This fungus causes leaf blight in Echinochloa species, but does not damage rice. Phytotoxicity of the fungal fermented broth was evaluated through the bioassay and the active ingredients were preliminarily isolated by using silica gel column chromatography (CC) in this study. The most active fraction 5-Ⅲ was obtained and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show that 5-Ⅲ consisted of many compounds, in which 36 compounds accounted for 94.24% of total peak area. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) displayed the highest activity accounted for 9.24% of the total peak area, suggesting that DBP may be one of the main active compounds produced by E. monoceras.     

玉米大斑病菌和小斑病菌交配型多重PCR检测方法的建立与应用

【目的】由大斑突脐蠕孢(Exserohilum turcicum)和玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris maydis)引起的玉米大斑病和小斑病是玉米生产上重要的叶部真菌病害,本研究旨在建立玉米大斑病菌和小斑病菌交配型多重PCR检测方法,为玉米大斑病菌和小斑病菌的交配型田间分布和有性生殖研究提供技术方法。【方法】根据GenBank中已登录的玉米大斑病菌(登录号MAT1-1:GU997138和MAT1-2:GU997137)和小斑病菌(登录号MAT1-1:X68399和MAT1-2:X68398)交配型基因序列,利用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计2种病原菌交配型多重PCR检测特异性引物,采用单因素法对引物的退火温度以及扩增程序中延伸时间和循环数等重要参数进行优化,建立玉米大斑病菌和小斑病菌交配型多重PCR检测方法,并对2种病原菌的交配型多重PCR检测灵敏度和特异性进行检验。同时,对田间采集的129株玉米大斑病菌和194株玉米小斑病菌单孢菌株的交配型进行多重PCR检测,以明确建立的交配型多重PCR检测方法的适用性。【结果】建立的多重PCR方法和设计的交配型特异引物StMAT01...     

尖角突脐孢对稻田稗草的防除效果

在温室内进行了露水期、接种量、喷液量及稗草叶龄对尖角突脐孢菌(Exserohilummonoceras)除稗效果的试验.结果表明,适合条件下,尖角突脐孢对4叶期以下的稗草幼苗具有极好的防效.要达到理想的除稗效果需要至少24h的露水期,接种菌液的孢子浓度在1.25×105孢子/ml以上.接种孢子浓度和喷液量对尖角突脐孢除稗效果的影响也极明显,它们与防效呈S曲线关系.