硝酸还原酶活力与作物耐肥性的研究 Ⅲ.北方粳稻品种演变过程中硝酸还原酶活力与品种性状之间的关系

对北方粳稻栽培品种演变过程中品种性状和硝酸还原酶活力变化的研究表明:1)品种性状在演变过程中有了明显的变化,即从大穗高秆向多穗矮秆的方向变化;2)品种抗倒耐肥性变化的总趋势是由弱到强,其硝酸还原酶活力从高到低的变化。这就是说过去老品种大穗高秆,不抗倒不耐肥,硝酸还原酶活力高,而目前推广品种多穗矮秆,抗倒耐肥,硝     

冰草高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因的分离及结构特征分析

通过SDS-PAGE分析，在二倍体、四倍体和六倍体冰草[Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.]中都检测到2个表达的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS），但不同倍性的材料之间，以及相同倍性材料的不同种子之间的HMW-GS组成均有所不同。利用PCR技术对冰草的HMW-GS基因进行克隆，结果从二倍体、四倍体和六倍体冰草中分别克隆了3个、1个和3个y型HMW-GS基因的全长编码区序列。序列分析表明，只有来自六倍体冰草中的Bsy2基因具有完整的开放阅读框，编码1个有487氨基酸残基、分子量约为53 kD的HMW-GS，大小相当于SDS-PAGE图谱中的大亚基。而其余6个基因均在中间重复区发生了无义突变。本文对冰草HMW-GS基因的结构特点和进化关系进行了分析。     

Ancient Polyploidy and Modem Crop Plants

The growing set of fully-sequenced angiosperm genomes highlight the role of polyploidy in angiosperm evolution, and suggest that even the high level of importance we had already attributed to this mechanism was inadequate. Gene loss following whole-genome duplication events has contributed much to the incongruities that we observe in comparative genetic maps, and presumably has also contributed to functional divergence of taxa. Ancient genome duplication has several consequences for levels and patterns of variation in modern plant populations, in particular contributing to the relatively conservative evolution of duplicated genes even at distant locations from one another in the genome. Comparison of gene retention/loss following independent whole-genome duplication events suggests patterns that may be relevant to the survival and productivity of newly-formed polyploids, with numerous implications for crop improvement.     

从系统论角度认识绿色经济的发展

系统探讨了绿色经济发展的整体性要求和层次性特征以及从简单到复杂的演进过程 ,并分析了元素、结构、环境要素对绿色经济系统功能及其演进的影响。指出发展绿色经济其实质是实现社会 经济 生态复合大系统的可持续发展以及社会、经济和生态三大效益总和的最大化。     

Phylogenetic analysis of complete 5′ external transcribed spacers of the 18S ribosomal RNA genes of diploid Aegilops and related species (Triticeae, Poaceae)

PCR systems were designed to amplify the entire 5 external transcribed spacer (ETS) region of the 18S rRNA gene of all the diploid species of Aegilops and several other taxa closely related to domesticated wheat. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the complete ETS sequences using the neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods. Among the individual taxa studied, speciation in Secale is very recent. In the case of the A genome diploids, the results support the theory that the A genomes of wheat have experienced reticulate evolution owing to introgression. The B and G genomes of tetraploid domesticated wheats form a clade with Ae. speltoides in which the B genome diverged first and the G genome more recently. It was demonstrated that the complete ETS sequences of the Triticeae yield coherent phylogenetic information. The ETS is a useful tool for studying the phylogeny of closely related species.     

Genetic evidence for speciation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cannabis</Emphasis> (Cannabaceae)

Sample populations of 157 Cannabis accessions of diverse geographic origin were surveyed for allozyme variation at 17 gene loci. The frequencies of 52 alleles were subjected to principal components analysis. A scatter plot revealed two major groups of accessions. The sativa gene pool includes fiber/seed landraces from Europe, Asia Minor, and Central Asia, and ruderal populations from Eastern Europe. The indica gene pool includes fiber/seed landraces from eastern Asia, narrow-leafleted drug strains from southern Asia, Africa, and Latin America, wide-leafleted drug strains from Afghanistan and Pakistan, and feral populations from India and Nepal. A third putative gene pool includes ruderal populations from Central Asia. None of the previous taxonomic concepts that were tested adequately circumscribe the sativa and indica gene pools. A polytypic concept of Cannabis is proposed, which recognizes three species, C. sativa, C. indica and C. ruderalis, and seven putative taxa.     

基于遗传算法的易腐货物即时配送路线的优化

通过构造时间惩罚函数和容量限制惩罚函数建立了相应的数学模型,构造了一种具有较强全局搜索能力的引申刘海交叉法,改进了标准遗传算法,提出了易腐货物即时配送路线优化问题的求解策略。利用MAT-LAB编制了相应的计算程序,结合典型实例,验证了利用改进遗传算法在求解此类问题时的可行性和优越性。     

南水北调中线工程与区域经济可持续发展

介绍了南水北调中线工程、受水区经济发展现状及水资源短缺对经济发展的影响等问题。提出在实施南水北调中线工程的同时应树立节水观念,建设节水型社会,发展节水型产业,加大治理污染力度,解决好水库移民安置问题,进行受水区域的生态修复规划,建立新的水资源管理体制以及合理的水价形成机制等建议。     

基于信息熵的县域土地利用结构变化与分布研究

信息熵是对系统的不确定性(无序性)的一种量度,其演变在一定程度上可以反映区域各类土地利用类型的动态演变规律,也可以反映区域土地的分布。根据信息熵原理研究了重庆市荣昌县土地利用结构变化及分布,并与重庆市进行了比较。结果表明,从时间变化看,荣昌县土地利用结构信息熵在1996~2005年一直处于上升状态,1996年土地利用结构信息熵最低,为1.306 5,2005年达到最大值1.450 8,正处于"凸"型非线性增加态势;从空间变化看,信息熵的大小与经济发展水平密切相关,信息熵大,经济发展较好。荣昌县土地利用信息熵比重庆市水平低,且二者变化趋势差别很大,重庆市信息熵波动较大。     

水稻栽培技术路线、模式表与回归数模配套应用的研究

针对安徽省水稻产量结构的薄弱环节与主要技术障碍,提出高产优质高效的栽培技术路线.以此路线为纲,拟订“模式表”,选定供试栽培技术因子,多点同步进行“模式表”应用验证和正交旋转组合设计试验,供试因子零水平与其它栽培条件力求与“模式表”保持一致.试验数据经统计分析求得“回归数模”,模拟选优并参考示范验证结果修订“模式表”.“栽培技术路线指明了主要栽培技术目标和措施;在供试5项栽培措施方面“回归数模”可以指导“模式表”的灵活应用;按“模式表”栽培既可以确保“技术路线”的具体实施,又可以为“回归数模”的应用创造必要的条件.