家蚕品种间游离氨基酸和酯酶同工酶的研究

家蚕血液中游离氨基酸总含量在品种间差异很大，最大开差可达２倍。蚕体合成丝素原料的丝氨酸、脯氨酸、苏氨酸、甘氨酸等４种氨基酸以及组氨酸、赖氨酸、胱氨酸在血液中含量较高。肠液中氨基酸总含量显著低于血液中，两者最大差值达２０倍，无相关性。品种间酯酶同工酶酶带的相似系数为０．６７～１．００，说明在某些品种问有较高的相似性，而在另一些品种间又有明显的差异性。     

Transcription and induction profiles of two esterase genes in susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus cinnabarinus

The carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus is the most serious of crop mite pests in China. Their ability to rapidly develop resistance to acaricides has caused difficulty in controlling this mite. In this study, the molecular mechanism of acaricide resistance associated with esterase genes TCE1 and TCE2 was investigated in susceptible and acaricide-resistant strains of T. cinnabarinus. The quantitative real-time PCR (qrtPCR) method was adopted to compare the expression level of two esterase genes TCE1 and TCE2 among four different strains (abamectin-resistant, AbR; fenpropathrin-resistant, FeR; omethoate-resistant, OmR and susceptible strains, S) of T. cinnabarinus. The relative expression level of TCE2 was 1.39-2.47 fold in the three resistant strains compared with the S strain. And after inducing with abamectin, fenpropathrin, and omethoate the highest expression level of TCE2 in the S was 1.64-, 2.92- and 2.24-fold compared with the control, respectively, and this difference was found to be significant. However, there was no obvious difference of the mRNA relative expression levels of TCE1 genes among the four strains, and those of TCE1 were not higher than the control throughout the study. Furthermore, the expression modes of TCE1 and TCE2 in AbR and FeR were similar with that in the S after being treated with abamectin and fenpropathrin, respectively. These results indicated that the enhanced expression of esterase gene TCE2 was associated with acaricide-resistance in T.cinnabarinus.     

旋孢腔菌种间杂交酯酶同工酶的变异

旋孢腔菌种间杂交酯酶同工酶的变异董金皋，王江柱，朱杰华，段慧军，王玉真（河北农业大学植保系，保定０７１００１）（河北农业大学教学试验场，保定０７１００１）关键词玉米；旋孢腔菌；酯酶同工酶ＶａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆＥｓｔｅｒａｓｅＩｓｏｚｙｍｅｓｏｆＩｎｔ...     

金针菇菌株的酯酶同工酶分析

本文应用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺不连续电泳,对金针菇(Flammulina velutipes)12个栽培菌株的菌丝体和其中9个菌株的子实体进行酯酶同工酶比较;并对金针菇子实体发育不同时期和不同部位酯酶同工酶的变化进行分析.结果表明,金针菇菌株间酯酶同工酶谱变化较大,且在子实体阶段比菌丝体阶段表现更为明显;同一菌株在于实体不同发育时期和不同部位酶带数量稳定,但显色强弱有明显的变化.子实体伸长期和成熟阶段的菌盖部位酶带显色最深.     

青海双峰驼的血清同工酶酶谱

采用聚丙烯酰胺胺凝胶电泳法对６４峰青海双峰驼的四种血清同工酶酶谱进行研究。结果表明：（１）酯酶呈现单一的ＥＳａ型；（２）淀粉酶由ＡＭＹ１，ＡＭＹ２和ＡＷＭＹ３三种同工酶组成单一酶谱；（３）乳酸脱氢酶和碱性磷酸酶同工酶酶谱存在年龄差异；（４）成年驼和幼年驼的碱性磷酸酶均有不同的同工酶酶谱。     

藏野驴与家驴血清同工酶的比较研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对藏野驴与家驴４种血清同工酶进行比较研究。结果发现，除ＬＤＨ同工酶以外，藏野驴与家驴的酯酶、淀粉酶和碱性磷酸酶酶谱都有颇大的差异。     

四种嵩草属植物叶片酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术，对四种嵩草属植物－小嵩草（ｋｏｂｒｅｓｉａｐｙｇｍ－ａｅａ）、矮嵩草（Ｋ．ｈｕｍｉｌｉｓ）线叶嵩草（Ｋ．ｃａｐｉｌｌｉｆｏｌｉａ）和嵩草（Ｋ．ｂｅｌｌａｄｉｉ）的叶片酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶进行分析。试验结果显示，四个种的酯酶同工酶泳动成两大区域，Ｒｆ值分别为０．３８～０．８６和０．０８，过氧化物酶同工酶泳动形成５个区域，Ｒｆ值分别为０．９７，０．６８～０．７７，０．５２～０．６３，０．２９～０．３７和０．０８。酶谱比较结果表明，嵩草和线叶嵩草亲缘关系较近，而二者同小嵩草、矮嵩草间，以及小嵩草同矮嵩草之间亲缘关系较远。     

家蚕滞育卵中酯酶A_4的生理作用研究

家蚕卵中酯酶A_4与滞育发育具有密切的关系。研究表明:此酶具有较低的水解专一性,是一种广泛作用于生物体内各种酯键的酶。酯酶A_4能水解结合型胆甾醇的酯键,并且其活性表现与滞育发育的时间进程相一致。酯酶A_4对cAMP的水解作用表现为两个峰,而对cGMP的水解作用,在精制后第10—13日间活性高于其它时间,但变化较缓慢。     

姬松茸菌株种质资源多样性的初步研究

选用19个姬松茸菌株,测定了菌丝生长速度、酯酶同工酶酶谱和菌株间的拮抗反应。试验结果表明,所有供试菌株可分为两类,第一类有2号、J1和J2,其余16个菌株为第二类;同工酶试验中,所有菌株在Rf=0．744和0．906处出现两条稳定一致的共有酶带。     

Effect of dihydrodillapiole on pyrethroid resistance associated esterase inhibition in an Indian population of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)

Resistance in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) has been attributed to enhanced detoxification of insecticides by increased levels of esterases, oxidases and/or glutathione S-transferases. Enzyme inhibiting insecticide synergists can be employed to counter increased levels of such enzymes in S. litura. Dihydrodillapiole induced synergism of pyrethroid toxicity was examined in the laboratory-reared third instar larval population of S. litura collected in Delhi (susceptible), and Guntur (resistant) region of Andhra Pradesh, India. The Guntur population was found to be 7.04 and 10.19 times resistant to cypermethrin and lambdacyhalothrin, respectively. The activity of cypermethrin, lambdacyhalothrin and profenophos against susceptible and resistance populations of S. litura, was gradually increased when used along with a plant-derived insecticide synergist dihydrodillapiole. The α-naphthyl acetate hydrolysable esterase activity in Delhi population was less as compared to the Guntur population. Resistance associated esterases in Delhi population were inhibited by pre-treatment with dihydrodillapiole. The esterase level in insect was instantly reduced initially, sustained for about 3 h and equilibrated at 4 h post treatment. The esterase activity of Guntur population was increased to 1.28 μmoles/mg/min at 2 h post treatment and subsequently reduced to lower than 0.70 μmoles at 4-12 h post treatment. The variation in esterase activity is suggestive of its homeostatic regulation in test populations. Dihydrodillapiole thus caused significant reduction of resistance in S. litura to cypermethrin, lambda cyhalothrin and profenophos.