Yield performance of interspecific F1 hybrids of the greek mountain tea, Sideritis spp. L.

Interspecific F₁ hybrids were produced after artificial intercrossing of six Sideritis species indigenous to Greece, namely: S. athoa, S. euboea, S. syriaca, S. raeseri, S. scardica, S. clandestina and a cultivated clone of S. raeseri. It was found that all species cross with each other, but the level of crossability varied with the cross-combination. In the yield evaluation experiments, the interspecific hybrids with a common female parent were considered as a group. It was observed that yield during the year of establishment was relatively low, but the interspecific hybrids out-yielded the control in both fresh and dry weight. All hybrids produced higher yields in the following years and their productivity started to decline after the fifth year. All hybrids produced higher yields than the control in all six years of the experiment. The highest yield over the years, in fresh and dry weight, was produced by the group Sideritis raeseri cultivated clone (cc) ×Sideritis spp. This yield, however, was not always significantly different from the yield produced by the second in the rank group (S. clandestina×Sideritis spp.). A high correlation (r > 0.99) between fresh and dry weight was observed. The two groups with the highest yield also had the highest essential oil content. In addition, all the interspecific hybrids had a higher essential oil content than the control species. Furthermore, the essential oil content of the selected individual hybrid plants ranged between the midparental value to a value higher than the high-parental species, indicating an additive and dominance gene action. It was also found that the content of the essential oil in the seven most important components (pinene, lemonene, cynene, menthone, copaene, caryophyllene and valerianic ester) varied from hybrid to hybrid. Given that Sideritis reproduces mainly asexually, the direct use of individual interspecific hybrids with higher yield and content in essential oil than the control species is possible in cultivation.     

香菜挥发油GC/MS测定

对香菜茎叶及根经水蒸汽蒸馏--萃取得到的挥发油进行气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)分析.其中香菜茎叶中主要成分有:壬烷、癸烷、癸醛、十一醛、环癸烷、十二醛、2-十一烯醛、2-癸烯-1-醇、十三醛、十四醛等,香菜根挥发油中主要成分有:壬烷、辛醛、癸醛、环癸烷、十-醛、十二醛、十四醛等.     

辽细辛精油对黄瓜灰霉病菌菌丝体细胞膜通透性的影响

以辽细辛精油为材料,以黄瓜灰霉病菌为靶标,采用干菌丝和鲜菌丝两种处理方法,测定了辽细辛精油对黄瓜灰霉病菌菌丝体电导率的影响,结果表明,无论是干菌丝还是鲜菌丝,精油处理后灰霉病菌菌丝体的电导率均随着精油处理浓度的加大而提高、随处理时间的延长而提高.说明辽细辛精油对黄瓜灰霉病菌菌丝体细胞膜的通透性具有一定影响,可引起细胞膜...     

食用植物油掺假检测方法的研究进展

根据食用植物油中的特征物质、甘三酯及脂肪酸组成的不同,研究了一些食用植物油的掺假检测,分析了这些检测方法的优缺点及影响因素,并对掺伪检测技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

粮油加工学课程教学改革的探索与实践

针对粮油加工学课程教学中存在的问题,阐述了在课程内容体系的构建和教学内容的更新和优化、教学方法和方式的改进及实践教学环节的改革和调整等方面进行的探索和实践,总结了提高教学效果的方法和措施。     

等离子体发射光谱法测定蕨麻中人体必需金属元素含量的研究

[目的]为了测定蕨麻中人体必需金属元素的含量,从而为开发蕨麻保健品与饮料提供参考。[方法]采用等离子体发射光谱法测定蕨麻中人体必需金属元素(Ca、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Zn)含量。[结果]结果表明,等离子体发射光谱法可同时测定蕨麻中的Ca、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Zn等多种金属元素。[结论]该研究为藏药蕨麻的进一步研究开发提供了科学依据。     

机油乳剂对垫囊绿绵蜡蚧自然种群的控制作用

通过室内饲养观察和田间系统调查的方法，应用作用因子生命表方法以及在此基础上提出的干扰作用控制指数（IIPC），评价了机油乳剂对垫囊绿绵蜡蚧Chloropuicinaria psidii Mask．自然种群的控制作用．结果表明，在自然条件下，垫囊绿绵蜡蚧的种群趋势指数（I）为7．96；在机油乳剂处理区中，I为0．237，IIPC为0．030，表明机油乳剂对垫囊绿绵蜡蚧的自然种群具有明显的控制作用，防治效果可以达到97％。     

几种松树木材和针叶精油成分及巴山松的分类问题

本文对巴山松、马尾松和油松的木材和针叶的挥发性萜类进行了分析比较,共鉴定出60多种单萜、倍半萜、非萜烃类和一些酯类化合物。计算了各种样品间的相关系数和距离,结果表明巴山松在分类上与油松关系较接近。巴山松不论是木材精油还是针叶精油其中都以单萜成分占优势;木材精油中主要成分是α—蒎烯(最高含量达92％),并特含有脂肪酮;针叶精油主要成分可以是α—蒎烯(最高含量35％),也可以是石竹烯(最高含量30％)。马尾松木材精油中高含量的是长叶烯(20.51％);油松特含有广藿香烯。     

紫茎泽兰精油各馏份对4种仓库害虫的杀虫活性

用紫茎泽兰精油的２０℃￣１５０℃,１５０℃￣２００℃,２００℃￣２３０℃,２３０℃￣３００℃和３００℃以上馏份,分别以４４．４４ｍｇ／Ｌ的熏蒸浓度处理米像、玉米象、绿豆象和蚕豆象,结果表明,在５个馏份中,以１５０℃￣２００℃馏份的杀虫活性最高,其次是２０℃￣１５０℃和２２０℃￣２３０℃馏份,而３００℃以上馏份的杀虫活性最低。进一步的生测结果表明,１５０℃￣２００℃馏份对米象、玉米象、绿豆象和蚕豆象     

刺山柑果实挥发油化学成分的研究

采用挥发油测定器从新疆野生刺山柑干果中提取挥发油,用GC-MS法对化学成分进行鉴定.共分离出57个峰,确定了其中53种化合物,所鉴定化合物的含量占全油的94.19%,主要化学成分为 (Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(26.40%),棕榈酸(15.35%),十八碳-9-烯酸(11.41%),1,2-苯二酸二(2-甲基丙基)酯(5.77%),邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(4.41%),2-甲氧基苯酚(2.94%),肉豆蔻酸(2.67%),月桂酸(2.47%),(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(2.03%),Z-11-棕榈酸(1.86%),α-吡咯乙酮(1.04%),棕榈酸甲酯(1.02%).以上12种化合物占总挥发油的77.37%.