棉花耐盐胚性细胞系筛选及其植株再生

 继代1年以上的棉花品种珂字201下胚轴产生的胚性愈伤组织，转入加有不同浓度[0、8.56×10#+(-2)、1.71×10#+(-1)、2.57×10#+(-1)、3.42×10#+(-1)、5.13×10#+（-1）、6.84×10#+（-1）mol/L]NaCl的筛选培养基上培养，经过3代筛选，获得耐盐胚性细胞系和再生植株。NaCl显著抑制了愈伤组织的存活和生长，NaCl半致死浓度在8.56×10#+（-2）～1.71×10#+（-1）mol/L之间，致死浓度为6.84×10#+（-1）mol/L。NaCl浓度影响着体细胞胚的发生和发育，影响着体细胞胚的萌发和植株再生。添加1.71×10#+（-1）mol/L NaCl培养基，筛选出的愈伤组织生长较好，并能分化出体细胞胚和正常再生植株。在本实验中，笔者获得了耐3.42×10#+（-1）mol/L NaCl的体细胞胚和耐1.71×10#+（-1）mol/L NaCl的正常再生植株。     

甘薯茎尖脱毒与快速繁殖技术研究

甘薯茎尖分生组织脱毒培养与茎段快速繁殖,对培养条件和几种主要培养因子的反应十分敏感,以MS为基本培养基对甘薯茎尖分生组织与茎段进行不同激素种类种类和浓度试验,结果表明,IAA：6－BA为1：5－20诱导效果好,最佳诱导分化培养基为：MS＋6－BA1mg/L IAA0.1-0.2mg/L GA3 0.1mg/L;试管苗株系经指示植物,NCM－ELISA法检测,获得了6个品种的脱毒苗,脱毒苗茎段试快速繁殖时,不同品种之间有差异,单独使用IAA或与GA3结合使用,在28℃,光照12h/d,液体培养效果好。     

Research on Isolation and Clone of Embryonic Stem Cell-Like in Bovine

Bovine embryonic stem cell would be invaluable for researching the aspect of animal cloning, production transgenic animal and discussion of gene function in vitro. With the object of establishing an effective culture system for isolation and clone of bovine pluripotent stem cell, we cultured bovine embryos and mouse embryos including morula blastula and hatached blastula and obtained animal ICM on Primary marine embryonic fibroblast (Primary murine embryonic fibroblast, PMEF) feeder layer with tissue medium(DMEM supplemented with 15ml/100ml NBS ,0.1μmol/L Na2SeO3, 0. 1mmol/L β-mercaptoethanol, 1 000ng/ml LIF,10 ng/ml IGF, 1mmol/L necessary amino acid and 1mmol/L L-glutamine), then, we obtained mouse ICM and bovine ICM. Moreover, we isolated and cloned the 6 passage bovine ES like cells(12 cell lines) and 9 passage marine ES like cells (52 cell lines) deriving from bovine ICM and murine ICM respectively on the feeder layer of PMEF by disaggregating ICM and ES cell clones of bovine and murine into smaller clumps through digesting with 0. 125g/100ml trypsin and 0.02g/100ml EDTA and scattering with a glass needle. The pluripotency of both murine and bovine ES like cells was identified with morphological character, histochemistry identification, karyotype analysis and differentiation of ES cells in vitro or in vivo. This result showed that bovine embryonic stem cell and murine embryonic stem cell had developmental pluripotency.     

支持牛类胚胎干细胞发育的饲养层培养体系的建立

以小鼠胎儿和牛睾丸为材料 ,以含 1 5 % NBS、0 .1 mmol/ Lβ-巯基乙醇、0 .1 μmol/ L Na2 Se O3的DMEM溶液为培养液 ,分离获得了传 1 5代的小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞和 5代牛睾丸成纤维细胞 ,建立了小鼠和牛类 ES细胞培养体系。结果表明 :牛睾丸成纤维细胞和小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞均属附着生长型细胞 ,与小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞相比较 ,牛成纤维细胞直径和长度大 ,生长速度快 ,易于老化 ;1 2～ 1 6日龄的小鼠胎儿最适宜分离与克隆小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞 ;在 2 5℃条件下 ,以 0 .2 5 %胰蛋白酶 0 .0 4% EDTA消化液作用胎儿小块组织分离原代小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞 ,消化液作用时间不应超过 2 0 min,以相同的消化液在 3 7℃条件下 ,离散贴壁成纤维细胞 ,作用时间以 2～ 3 min为宜 ;培养细胞密度与传代时间间隔有密切关系 ,若传代时间间隔为 3～ 4d,培养细胞浓度应为 3× 1 0 5个 / ml～ 5× 1 0 5个 / ml;在成纤维细胞分离与克隆过程中 ,培养基中添加0 .1μmol/ L Na2 Se O3 0 .1 mmol/ Lβ-巯基乙醇 1 5 % NBS,有利于 MEF和 NBTF的增殖     

Metanephric cell microenvironment induces embryonic stem cells to differentiate toward renal cells

AIM: To explore the effects of metanephric cell microenvironment on inducing embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to differentiate toward renal cells.METHODS: Embryoid bodies (EBs) of D3 mouse embryonic stem cells were prepared by hanging drop culture, and the EBs were co-cultured indirectly with metanephric cells derived from E12.5 d mouse embryo. The EBs cell with spontaneous differentiation was used as the control. The proteins of Pax2 and WT-1 were analyzed by immunofluorescence assay. The mRNA expression of Pax2, WT-1, Lim1, Sall1, Emx2, GDNF, Wnt4, BMP7, Nephl, Nephrin, KSP and CD24 genes was detected by RT- PCR.RESULTS: The genes related to kidney development were expressed in the EBs cells after co-culture on day 3, and the mRNA expression of Pax2, WT-1, Emx2, GDNF, Nephl, Nephrin, KSP and CD24 was stronger than those in control group. Pax2 positive cells were found on day 3 in the co-cultured EBs cells, and the positive cells increased on day 5 and day 7. WT-1 protein positive cells were found in the co-cultured EBs cells on day 5. No Pax2 or WT-1 positive cell was observed in control group.CONCLUSION: Metanephric cell microenvironment promotes ESCs differentiation toward renal cells.     

大蒜组织培养快繁技术的研究

以贵州务川紫皮大蒜茎尖为试验材料,将其接种在附加不同NAA和6-BA的MS分化培养基中,比较组织诱导、分化和生根效果。试验结果表明,以MS＋6-BA 3.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.5 mg/L培养基诱导愈伤组织效果最好;以MS＋6-BA 2.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基诱导不定芽增殖的效果较好,增殖倍数达5倍;以MS＋NAA 0.4 mg/L培养基的生根效果最佳。     

Low reproductive success of leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, is due to high embryonic mortality

We examined the mechanism responsible for low reproductive success in leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) at Playa Grande, Costa Rica: low egg fertilization versus high rates of embryonic death. Leatherbacks at this beach had a high rate of fertility (=93.3%±2.5%, n=819). We incubated 10 eggs from every clutch encountered of 19 females during 3 months of the 1998-1999 nesting season. Fertility rate of some females decreased during the nesting season, but overall was high. Detection of fertility was difficult using standard methods because fertility rates cannot be determined accurately from nests excavated after hatching because of egg decomposition. Removal and incubation of eggs from nests provided a better estimate. Embryonic death, particularly in the beginning of incubation before embryos are visible to the unaided eye, was the cause of low hatching success in this population. Hatching success increased with increasing fertility and differed between females, with some mothers having 71-81% success and others 23-32%. Embryonic death and not low egg fertility drives poor recruitment at Playa Grande. Improved conservation of this species at Playa Grande will require a better understanding of the mechanism behind embryonic death.     

鹅肌球蛋白重链1基因MyHC1全长cDNA克隆、序列及胚胎期表达特征分析

肌球蛋白是组成肌原纤维粗丝的主要成分,在肌肉生长发育和运动收缩过程起重要作用。本研究采用反转录PCR和快速扩增cDNA末端(rapid amplification cDNA ends,RACE)方法,从太湖鹅(Anser anser)肌肉中克隆到肌球蛋白重链1基因(myosin heavy chain 1,MyHC1)的全长cDNA,并运用生物信息学的方法对其进行分析,实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR)检测MyHC1基因在鹅胚胎期的表达情况。研究结果表明,鹅MyHC1基因(Gen Bank登录号:KM675469)cDNA全长6028 bp,包含5 823 bp的开放性阅读框,57 bp的5’端非编码区和148 bp的3’端非编码区,共编码1 940个氨基酸。经预测,鹅MyHC1基因编码的蛋白质由31 478个原子组成,分子式为C9746H15817N2753O3096S66,相对分子质量为223 kD,等电点为5.62,平均亲水性为-0.786,属于不稳定亲水蛋白。在线预测鹅和鸡(Gallus gallus)的MyHC1蛋白质三维结构呈高度相似,由多螺旋和折叠片聚集成球状头部,并带有长纤维状α-螺旋尾部。鹅MyHC1的编码区(coding sequence,CDS)序列与鸡的同源性最高,为92.86%,与哺乳类同源性多数在84%左右,与两栖类同源性相对较低。鹅与鸡氨基酸同源性最高,为96.45%,与哺乳类的同源性多数在90%左右,与非洲爪蛙(Xenopus laevis)同源性较低,为78.13%。系统进化树分析表明,哺乳动物形成一个大分支,两栖类自成一支,鹅和红原鸡聚成一支,分子进化地位的关系最近,验证了鹅和鸡属于近缘物种。qRT-PCR检测到MyHC1基因在胚胎期第7天开始表达,以后表达量逐渐升高,在15d表达量达到高峰后下降,25d之后逐渐趋于平稳,表明,MyHC1基因在鹅胚胎期mRNA水平的表达量呈先上升再下降的趋势。本研究首次获得了鹅MyHC1的全长cDNA序列、分子的结构特点和表达特征,显示该基因在鹅肌肉生长发育过程起重要作用,为该基因的功能及鹅肉质性状研究提供了基础资料。     

基于本征正交分解的水平轴风力机非定常尾迹特性分析

风力机的尾流效应对下游风力机的气动性能和疲劳载荷均有重要影响。为了研究叶尖速比对水平轴风力机非定常尾迹特性的影响,该研究在中性大气条件下采用基于致动线模型的大涡模拟（Large Eddy Simulation, LES）方法对不同叶尖速比下运行的风力机进行了数值模拟,并采用本征正交分解（Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, POD）方法对风力机尾迹结构进行了分析。结果表明,叶尖速比对风力机下游12D（D为风轮直径）范围内速度分布有显著影响,随着流向距离的增加,叶尖速比的影响逐渐减弱;风轮尾迹中2D处的速度亏损最大,在下游28.5D附近速度完全恢复;叶尖速比对风力机尾迹湍流强度有很大影响,叶尖速比为2时尾流湍流强度最弱,而叶尖速比为3时尾流湍流强度最大,说明该叶尖速比下尾流与大气边界层掺混作用剧烈,有利于尾迹速度恢复;叶尖速比对风力机尾迹结构的尺度和含能大小有显著影响,叶尖速比为3时尾迹中的大尺度结构及其含能占比最高,随着POD模态阶数的增加,尾流结构尺度和含能逐渐减小;风力机尾迹结构由反向旋转的高、低速涡对组成,其垂向尺度可达到整个边界层厚度,而风力机风能吸收利用效率主要体现在尾迹展向湍涡结构的尺度。该研究可为深入理解叶尖速比对风力机尾迹平均统计特征及结构演化的影响提供依据,为风力机优化设计和运行策略制定提供帮助。     

糜子愈伤诱导及再分化最适条件研究

研究旨在应用组织培养技术探究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,以期为糜子建立遗传转化体系奠定基础。采用5个糜子品种研究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件。利用植物激素2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)诱导茎尖愈伤组织,筛选出发芽率高、愈伤组织诱导率高、染菌率低的品种,并对诱导愈伤最适激素浓度及配比进行了鉴定。结果显示,‘冀黍2号’出芽率高、愈伤组织诱导率高、染菌率低,适宜进行组织培养;2,4-D对‘冀黍2号’愈伤诱导效果最好,最适浓度为2.5 mg/L,诱导率达86.67%,淡黄色块状,结构紧密,质地较硬,继代培养后形成的胚性愈伤组织状态更好。再分化过程中,2.5 mg/L 2,4-D+3.5 mg/L TDZ时,出现明显的嫩芽。该试验获得‘冀黍2号’愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,可为糜子再生体系的构建提供参考。