冻材主方向弹性模量微观力学求解理论

采用复合材料力学的微观力学理论,在横观各向同性的假设下,提出了一种计算冻材主方向弹性模量的理论求解方法。应用提出的理论,可以根据纤维素、木质素、细胞直径和冻结的程度。求出冻结状态下木材的主方向弹性模量。为木材力学中的冻材分析提出了一个新的解决方法,并且可以定量解释木材冻结后硬度与弹性模量提高的原因。     

Orthotropic hygric and mechanical material properties of oak wood

The present study examines the three-dimensional hygric and mechanical behavior of oak wood. The moisture equilibrium state, characterized by the sorption isotherms, was obtained from measurements taken during adsorption and desorption cycles. Sorption behavior was analyzed with the Dent theory and compared considering the sorption direction (adsorption/desorption cycle). Sorption parameters were provided for possible numerical applications in hygric material models. The corresponding swelling and shrinkage behavior was examined and characterized by the moisture expansion parameters for all anatomical directions. Orthotropic mechanical material behavior was characterized by determining the elastic engineering (Young's moduli, shear moduli, and Poisson's ratios) and the bending, compressive and compressive shear strength material parameters. Influence of moisture content (MC) on the mechanical material properties was studied using Young's moduli, Poisson's ratios, and the investigated strength parameters. A significant difference between the sorption behavior in adsorption and desorption, known as the hysteresis effect, could be proved. Furthermore, swelling and shrinkage behavior did not show any dependency on the adsorption/desorption cycle. The results confirm the significant influence of MC on the Young's moduli and the strength properties, however, did not validate an influence on the Poisson's ratios.     

Insulation rigid and elastic foams based on albumin

Albumin-based rigid and elastic foams were prepared by mechanically beating water solutions of the protein mixed with formaldehyde and camphor. The resulting foams were cross-linked in a traditional or in a microwave oven. Formaldehyde was used as hardener of the protein and camphor as a plasticizer. Thermal conductivity was tested and found to be acceptable for thermal insulation but did not appear to be influenced by variations in foam density. Scanning electron microscopy of the different formulations showed some differences in cells structure. Formulations of different water content, formaldehyde hardener content, camphor content and oven curing time were tested. Within certain limits (a) increases in water proportion rendered the foam more elastic, (b) higher formaldehyde content increased foam rigidity and strength up to a value beyond which no further increase occurred, (c) the amount of camphor influences markedly the compression strength and foam elasticity/plasticity, (d) curing time improving foam strength up to 5 min in microwave curing, without any further effect for longer heating times. Only addition of glycerol, yielded truly soft elastic foams.     

甘蔗叶鞘在弹性剥叶元件作用下破坏高速摄影分析

为了研究整秆式甘蔗联合收获机剥叶过程甘蔗叶鞘在弹性剥叶元件作用下的破坏机理,研制了甘蔗剥叶试验台,利用高速摄像机拍摄了蔗叶的破坏过程,并对图像进行分析。结果表明,甘蔗叶鞘在弹性剥叶元件作用下的主要破坏形式有叶鞘脱落、叶鞘撕裂和叶鞘与茎秆分离。通过建立弹性剥叶元件作用于叶鞘的简化力学模型,结合叶鞘的力学特性分析了蔗叶在弹性剥叶元件作用下的破坏机理。弹性剥叶元件对叶鞘施加的力是破坏叶鞘的主要作用力。叶鞘不同的破坏形式与叶鞘的生长性状和力学特性有关,含水率低于20%干叶鞘的主要破坏形式为叶鞘脱落,含水率为20%~50%的湿叶鞘的主要破坏形式为叶鞘撕裂,含水率大于50%的青叶鞘的主要破坏形式为叶鞘与茎秆分离。     

Dynamic viscoelastic, calorimetric and dielectric characteristics of wheat protein isolates

Dynamic oscillatory rheology of two wheat protein isolate (Prolite 100 and Prolite 200) doughs (≈48% moisture content, wet basis) were studied over a frequency range of 0.1–10 Hz during temperature sweep from 20 to 90 °C at a heating rate of 2 °C/min. Both doughs behaved similarly during heating; showed a threshold value and increased sharply, thereafter. Prolite 200 dough had a higher elastic modulus (G′) and lower phase angle (δ) whereas Prolite 100 showed a distinct gel point at 52.2 °C followed by significant increase up to 90 °C. Rheological data of doughs after isothermal heating at 90 °C for 15 min followed by cooling to 20 °C resulted in strong mechanical strength. However, Prolite 100 dough showed more viscoelastic characteristics with significant transformation from liquid-like to solid-like behavior after heating than Prolite 200. Thermal analysis of isolates indicated distinct endothermic peaks in wider temperature range (50–130 °C) at various moisture levels. Lower temperatures could be associated with denaturation of various fractions of proteins whereas higher temperature linked to glass transition temperature of isolates. SDS–PAGE did not show any clear distinction among protein subunits between two isolates. Dielectric measurements of isolates at frequencies from 500 to 3000 MHz and temperature range between 30 and 80 °C indicated Prolite 200 had higher dielectric constant (ε′) and loss factor (ε″) than Prolite 100. Isolates showed significant changes in dielectric properties above 50 °C indicating protein denaturation and supported rheological and calorimetric data.     

大中型农用内燃机弹力起动方案选择

针对大中型农用内燃机在传统起动装置失效状态下无法起动的状况,提出了弹力起动的技术方案,选择普通压缩弹簧作为弹力储能元件,重点讨论了弹力特性转换机构的设置,对边远地区应急排灌用的大中型内燃机及独立运输的船用内燃机起动方式的选择具有重要的参考价值。     

不埋式弹性基础薄板在集中荷载作用下的设计理论和基地强夯法的若干向题

本文对不埋式弹性基础薄板由文克勒假定所得微分方程的解答,提出M(x)之影响范围,从而推导出单向配筋时弹性基础薄板在集中荷载作用下一整套弯矩叠加计算公式,简化了弯矩的计算,并有足够的精确度,并对强夯法加固地基施工中综合论述了几个重要参数的选择,提出了自己的看法和若干应注意的问题。     

水泵汽蚀磨损表面修复试验分析

应用表面修复理论，在某泵站中以聚醚型弹性聚氨脂与环氢树脂为主要涂料，根据水泵部件的汽蚀情况，在涂料中加入填充料进行了一系列试涂，提出了试涂的配方，对水泵的汽蚀磨损表面修复，更新决策具有实际的经济意义。     

尿素颗粒弹性模量的测试与分析

为研究尿素与机械结构之间的相互作用,必须研究尿素的物理特性,因此采用静态测量法,应用质构仪对尿素的弹性模量进行测试.通过分析测试曲线,得出压力与时间关系曲线具有典型初始加载弯曲段、线弹性段、弯曲上升段,峰值点和下降段.在试验温度22℃、环境湿度45％、尿素颗粒密度1.33×103 kg/m3的条件下,尿素颗粒的弹性模量的数值范围为8.2×107～8.9×107Pa.     

单晶锗各向异性力学性能实验

通过纳米压痕实验对单晶锗(100)、(110)、(111)晶面进行各向异性力学性能的分析研究。根据纳米压痕过程中获得的载荷-位移曲线并结合Oliver-Pharr理论对材料的弹性模量和硬度进行考察。实验结果表明:单晶锗在纳米压痕过程中发生明显的塑性变形,并且(110)晶面塑性最好,(100)晶面其次,(111)晶面塑性最差;硬度与弹性模量变化趋势相一致,在压入深度较小时,材料受表面效应的影响,硬度和弹性模量发生明显波动,而且由于单晶锗各个晶面上的原子密度以及晶面间距有较大的差异,单晶锗表现出稳定的各向异性,硬度和弹性模量大小依次为:(111)晶面、(110)晶面、(100)晶面。随着压入深度增加,硬度和弹性模量逐渐趋于稳定,大小依次为:(110)晶面、(100)晶面、(111)晶面。